一、 填空。
1. The words that are often used may be divided, from a stylistic point of view, into three
types: formal, common, and informal. 2. The meaning of a word has two aspects: denotative and connotative. 3. A grammatically complete sentence is one that contains at least a subject and a
predicate (or finite) verb; if the verb is transitive, there must be an object; if the verb is a link-verb, there must be a predicative or complement. 4. According to their use, sentences are declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory. (P37) 5. A loose sentence puts the main idea before all supplementary information; in other
words, it puts first things first, and lets the readers know what it is mainly about when they have read the first few words. The reverse arrangement makes a periodic sentence: the main idea is expressed at or near the end of it, and it is not grammatically complete until the end is reached. (松散句，圆周句P39)
6. A paragraph is like a mini-essay; it should be unified, coherent and well developed. (P64) 7. Inductive reasoning: when you use induction, you start with facts and proceed from
facts to a general conclusion. In other words, you move from specific examples to a general statement.
Deductive reasoning: The process is just the opposite of inductive reasoning—it moves from a general statement to s specific conclusion. It works on the model of syllogism—a three-part argument in which there are two statements, known as the major premise and the minor premise, and a conclusion.
8. The process of writing a research paper is generally divided into five steps or stages:
Choosing a topic; Collecting information;
Analyzing the information, organizing ideas, and working out and outline; Writing the first draft;
Revising the draft and finalizing the paper.
二．修辞辨别。
Name the figures of speech used in each of the following sentences:( p21-22)
1. Her rich relative rained birthday presents on her only son. (隐喻：metaphor) 2. Wrong ideas many harm man just like diseases. (明喻：simile)
3. Some words may be defaced by careless usage. (拟人：personification) 4. The leaves are trembling in the cold wind. (拟人：personification)
5. The storm was so angry that it wanted to destroy everything in its way. (personification) 6. Many people bowed before Force, but eventually Force would surrender to Reason.
(Personification)
7. Selfless people are like cows, which eat straw but produce milk. (simile) 8. “what do you think of the roast duck?” “Not bad.” (Understatement)
9. His friends praised his daughter’s performances to the skies. (Overstatement)
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10. His writing is clear and clean. (Alliteration 头韵)
11. His unfriendly tongue surprised her. (metonymy换喻)
12. There is fertile soil for popular music in China today. (Metaphor)
三．名词解释。
1. Narration（陈述）: To narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In its
broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems. 2. Exposition(说明文): An expository paper explains or explores something, such as the
process of making a machine, the causes of a natural or social phenomenon, the planning of a project, or the solution of a problem.
3. Comparison and contrast: A comparison explains how things are similar, and a contrast,
how they are different.
4. Division and classification: Division is used to deal with one thing. Its purpose is to
separate that thing into parts. Classification, on the other hand, is used to organize things which share certain qualities. Its purpose is to group these things systematically.
四． 简答：
1. Three main parts of a book report.
Generally speaking, a book report consists of the following three main parts: Information about the author and his times; A summary of the book; Comments on it.
2. While writing our first draft, how many points should we pay our attention to?
1) Using your own words; 2) Using proper tenses 3) Using facts and views 4) Paying attention to logic and organization 5) Making your tone objective rather than personal 6) Choosing the right style.
五．写作 （任选一题）
1． The problems I have in studying English.
范文一：English is one of the required courses in all colleges and universities across the country.Unfortunately,I have several problems in my English study,which make me gradually lose confidence.For one thing,I easily forget the new words that I have memoried.For another,I always misunderstand the meanings of some words.also,I feel nervors whenever I speak English in class.
I think that there are reasons explaining my problems.The main reason in that I am \"forced\" to study English marely for examinations.Besides,I always read new words one after another,trying to memorise them mechanically,which makes me feel very dull.
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In view of all that mentioned above,I will take two measures to solve my problems.Firstly,I will study English out of interest.Secondly,I will practice my oral English more and do more reading exercise. In a word,I believe I can solve my problems successful with such efforts.
范文二：Although I like english very mush ,english is so diffcult to me .Now I
am studying english at college.There are some problems in my studying english. Go as the following:
First, Vocabulary isnot enough . When I was reading a artical, I cannot understand the essay. Because I donnot know what is mean of some words.
Secondly, The grammer isnot good .I cannot instrate the sentence very well .Also , the sentence
cannot be linked up by me .So, I couldnot write a good artical.
Third,The listening isnot good too. When I was listening a story. I cannot understand at all. As for the good english, there is still a long distance for me to cover! I wish I could speak english very well ! So, from now on , I must work hard! Go!
范文三：Studying English is not very easy.I have many problems in Studying it.
First,spoken English is the most difficult problem for me. I was also afraid to speak in class,because I thought my classmates might laugh at me.
Secondly,listening is another problem. English is our second language. it wasn't easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked Thirdly, I usually make mistakes in grammar
Last but not least,I find to remember the words is a hard job.Because Chinese is different from English.Rememberring so many words is really hard for us.
Though there are many problems in English learning. But I trust that I can do it well ,if I pay much attention to it.
2． Failure
a. Relationship between failure and success b. How to turn failure into success
c. Give detailed example of your experience
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