专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷31 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

听力原文： The American Two-party System Good morning, everyone. Today I’d like to discuss with you the two-party system in America. Basically speaking, nowadays, no one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and Republican parties. It has been going on for more than a century, making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the world. The American political system is a classical example of the two-party system. When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties. Usually about dozen parties nominate presidential candidates. We call it a two-party system because we have two large parties and a number of small parties, and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections. The Democratic and Republican parties are the largest and most competitive organizations in the American community. They organize the electorate very simply by maintaining the two-party system. Americans almost inevitably become Democrats or Republicans because there is usually no other place for them to go. Moreover, because the rivalry of these parties is very old, most Americans know where they belong in the system. As a consequence of the dominance of the major parties, most elected officials are either Republicans or Democrats. Attempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years, but the system has survived all assaults. When comes to this point, you may be wondering how does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics? The explanation is probably to be found in the way elections are conducted. In the United States, unlike countries with a parliamentary system of government, we elect not only the President, but a large number of other officials, about 800,000 of them. We also elect congressmen from single-member districts.. For example, we elect 435 members of the House of Representatives from 435 districts, one member for each district. Statistically, this kind of election favors the major parties. The system of elections makes it easy for the major parties to maintain their dominant position, because they are likely to win more than their share of the offices. As it has been clearly

showed that one of the great consequences of the system is that it produces majorities automatically. Because there are only two competitors in the running, it is almost inevitable that one will receive a majority. Moreover, the system tends slightly to exaggerate the victory of the winning party. This is not always true, but the strong tendency to produce majorities is built into the system. In over 200 years of constitutional history, Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to make possible the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. At the level of presidential elections, the party in power has been overturned by the party out of power nineteen times, almost once a decade. In the election of 1860, the political system broke down, and the Civil War, the worst disaster in American history, resulted. Our history justifies our confidence in the system but also shows that it is not foolproof. The second major party is able to survive a defeat because the statistical tendency that exaggerates the victory of the winning party operates even more strongly in favor of the second party against the third, fourth, and fifth parties. As a result, the defeated major party is able to maintain a monopoly of the opposition. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is. the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power. It is able, therefore, to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power. The second party is important as long as it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power, because it is certain to come into power sooner or later. Another consequence of the two-party system is that whereas minor parties are likely to identify themselves with special interests or special programs and thus take extreme positions, the major parties are so large that they tend to be moderate. Evidence of the moderation of the major parties is that much business is conducted across party lines. What happens when the Democrats control one house of Congress and the Republicans control the other? About the same volume of legislation is passed as when one party controls both houses, although some important legislation is likely to be blocked temporarily. It is possible to carry on the work of the government even when party control is divided because party differences are not fundamental. Finally, to sum up the lecture today. As we know that it is not an easy job to fully understand the two-party system in the United States of America. Therefore, I hope this lecture will at least give a gist of the history of the two-party system and how it works as one of the most complete political systems in the world.

The American Two-party SystemI. IntroductionA. the oldest political【B1】______ around the world【B1】______B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system— the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【B2】______ parties【B2】______— the two-party system survived all attempts to assaultsC. About dozen parties that nominate presidential candidatesD. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because— there is usually no other place to go— most Americans know where they【B3】______ in the system【B3】______II. Two-party system is so strongly【B4】______ because【B4】______A. The way elections are conducted: the Americans elect— president— about 800,000 of other【B5】______,【B5】______— the congressman from single-member districtsB. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that— major party can

maintain its【B6】______【B6】______— major party is likely to winIII. The consequences of the systemA. the【B7】______ production of majorities【B7】______— the competition between two parties— the【B8】______ of the victory of the winning party【B8】______B. The peaceful transfer of power.— the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power— two-party system cannot be destroyed— the【B9】______ can survive the defeat because of【B9】______a)the possibility of maintaining a monopoly of the oppositionb)the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in powerC. the tendency for the major parties to be【B10】______,【B10】______e.g. business is conducted across party linesD. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control

1． 【B1】

正确答案：rivalries//competitors

解析：讲座开篇就提到了美国两党之间的竞争，“是世界上最早的政治竞争(rivaldes)之一”。由此可知答案为rivalries，或其同义词competitors。要点提示词one of后的信息是常考之处，笔记中不可忽视。 知识模块：听力

2． 【B2】

正确答案：Republican

解析：在提到dominant party的时候，讲座人提到了两大政党“民主党(Democratic)和共和党(Republican)”，因此答案为Republican。录音中多次提及美国两大政党的名称，多次提及之处为常考内容，做笔记时需注意。此题也可根据文化常识直接得出答案。 知识模块：听力

3． 【B3】

正确答案：belong

解析：录音提到“多数美国人知道自己属于(belong)两党中的哪一派”，结合题目可知答案为belong。Moreover为表示递进意义的连词，其后内容往往是出题点，应特别注意。 知识模块：听力

4． 【B4】

正确答案：rooted

解析：讲座人提到“两党制是如何能如此坚实地扎根于(rooted)美国政治中的呢”，可知答案为rooted。讲座人通过问句的形式来引起听众的注意，其后的内容通常比较重要，笔记中不可忽视。 知识模块：听力

5． 【B5】

正确答案：officials

解析：在讲到为什么两党制在美国的地位如此稳固时，讲座人提到了两个原因，第一个原因是美国的选举方式，“不仅选举了总统，还选举了很多官员(officials)，大概有80万”。因此答案为officials。如果笔记中未能记下相关内容，可以分析空格上下的分项并列内容，判断美国除了总统和国会议员之外，还有其他的政府官员，也可推测答案应为officials。 知识模块：听力

6． 【B6】

正确答案：dominant position∥dominance

解析：讲座人接着提到两党制在美国的地位如此稳固的第二个原因，即House of Representatives的组织方式的保证。其中提到“选举制度使大党轻而易举地保持着他们的统治地位(dominant position)”，因此答案应为dominant position或dominance。也可以根据常识，美国两大政党占据着重要的地位，推测空白处应填入dominantposition。 知识模块：听力

7． 【B7】

正确答案：automatic∥natural 解析：录音原文提到两党制产生的结果，其中一个就是“自动地(automatically)产生了多数党”。结合题目可知应填入automatically的形容词automatic，也填入其同义词natural。“one of．．is that．．．”表达的内容常为出题点，做笔记时要注意。 知识模块：听力

8． 【B8】

正确答案：exaggeration

解析：录音原文中提到“这种制度似乎有些夸大(exaggerate)获胜党的胜利”。结合题目可推知答案为exaggeration。并列细节信息是常考之处，笔记中时应特别注意。注意填写答案时必须将录音原文中的动词exag—gerate变成名词exaggeration。 知识模块：听力

9． 【B9】

正确答案：second major party

解析：录音原文提到“第二大党(second major party)能在失败下继续生存”，因此填入second major party。分析本题所在的分项内容的关键词defeat和讲座的主题“两党制”也可推测空格处应填入second major party。 知识模块：听力

10． 【B10】

正确答案：moderate／／mild

解析：录音原文提到“大党很强大所以倾向于温和(moderate)”，可知应填入moderate，或其同义词mild。表示结果的内容是常考之处，笔记时应注意。 知识模块：听力

SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.

听力原文：M: Next Sunday begins the National Library Week. I love libraries and I thought that in celebration of the occasion it would be great to interview a librarian in a public library. Hi, Jessica. How’re you doing?W: Great. Good to see you.M: My first question is what kind of training did you need to qualify for the position?W: In most places, you need to have a Master of Library Information Science in order to be a librarian.M: Would you please describe a typical day at work?W: In a public library, that can vary widely from day to day. Most days, I spend a lot of time helping people use the public-access computers, and I help patrons locate the books they need. I help students find resources for papers, I help people find new fiction to read, I make displays, teach computer classes, buy the young adult books, do programming, post to the blogs, and I answer strange questions. And there are some days where all I do is refill the paper in the printer, explain that no, I will not unblock that porn site, and hand over the latest Consumer Reports.M: What are the biggest misconceptions about librarians?W: That we’re stodgy, boring, formal. New librarians are just as likely to have tattoos. Many people don’t know that being a librarian requires a graduate degree, and most people don’t know that today’s librarians are very tech-savvy.M: Did you always want to be a librarian?W: No. In my generation, there were not a lot of choices for women. It opened up to me to work in a library while I was getting my teaching credential. I really liked it much better than the teaching, because you have a wider grade range, but it’s not a glamour profession. You have to really love it, to do it.M: What would you be doing if you weren’t doing this?W: I’d own a bakery or cafe; I love to bake, and almost went to culinary school.M: How much have libraries changed over the years? When did you enjoy it more, now or back then?W: The work of a librarian today is more technocratic because of the greater availability of information and also because computers takes a bigger part of the librarian’s work. Personally, I enjoyed more the kind of work we did back then in the old days.M: What do you think is the most important part in the work of librarians?W: Good contact with the people who come to the library, which I think encourages reading, knowledge, you have to stay up to date with the latest books, and of course to read, read and read.M: What do you like most and what do you like less in your work?W: I like to read books and recommend those that I liked. I don’t like to lend DVDs and see that they get more and more popular at the expense of books.M: What specific kinds of books did you enjoy reading when you were young?W: I seldom borrowed the classics because we had to read them in school during the regular year. I’ve always loved murder mysteries, a lot of poetry from World War I. We just read about anything we could get our hands on, and I was lucky to have parents that didn’t restrict what we read.M: Among children’s books, are there some

older classics that continue to be popular today?W: Anything Disney made a movie of. That gave a lot of publicity to some good books. The Tom Sawyer, adventure-type things; Agatha Christie for some of the sixth graders. Of course, families that read together often pick Heidi, Treasure Island—just good children’s books. Interestingly, with the advent of TV, they don’t have to put those long descriptions of some fantastic place in books anymore because the kids have already seen it on TV. So in one of these old classics, like Robinson Crusoe, the author may go on and on and on about the trees and the beach and the way the waves came in. They don’t need to do that anymore, because the kids know what a jungle looks like. That’s changed some children’s literature. They’re not as long and much more action-oriented. Not a lot of philosophizing. A much faster pace is expected of those books.M: How do libraries fit in the 21st century digital world?W: We will see more computerization of libraries that will influence many processes—registration, ordering books, the online connection between libraries that allows to ‘import’ a book from another library when you don’t have it in your own, etc. We already see more and more libraries with their own websites and online catalogs, which for example enable readers to check out at home what new books arrived at the library.M: Thanks, Jessica, and greetings to all the librarians that will celebrate the National Library Week next week.

11． Which is the CORRECT understanding of a librarian’s life and work? A．Few librarians need to have a graduate degree.

B．Librarians dislike lending popular DVDs to readers. C．Librarians are stodgy, boring, and formal.

D．Librarians should have updated computer knowledge.

正确答案：D

解析：访谈中，Jessica提到人们对图书管理员最大的误解时说，人们不知道图书管理员的电脑技术相当好，后来又多次提到电脑在其工作中的重要性。因此D为正确答案。 知识模块：听力

12． Why did Jessica become a librarian instead of a teacher? A．Because there were a lot of choices for women. B．Because she happened to be offered the chance. C．Because being a librarian is a glamour profession. D．Because she had lost her teaching credential.

正确答案：B 解析：Jessica说她的志向不是当图书管理员，而是在她等待领取教师资格证的时候，图书管理员工作的大门恰好向她敞开了。可见她成为图书管理员只是刚好碰到合适的机会罢了。因此，B为正确答案。当听到说话人作否定回答时，应注意其后紧接着的补充说明。此处Jessica在回答了No之后解释了她成为图书管理员的巧合。 知识模块：听力

13． What does Jessica think is the most important part of a librarian’s work? A．Dealing with readers well.

B．Answering strange questions. C．Recommending books to readers. D．Helping patrons locate books.

正确答案：A 解析：Jessica在回答什么是图书管理员工作中最重要的内容时，直截了当地说是与读者保持良好的人际关系。因此，A正确。听音时应重点抓住有强调意味的信息点，例如访谈中男士的提问What．．．is the mostimportant part。答案中的dealing with readers well就是原文中good contact with the people who come tothe library的同义替换。 知识模块：听力

14． What was Jessica fond of reading when she was young? A．Classics recommended by the school. B．Classics on which Disney films are based. C．Stories about murders and poetry. D．Stories restricted by her parents.

正确答案：C

解析：男士问Jessica小时候喜欢读什么类型的书，Jessica说她一直喜欢读侦探小说和一战时期的诗歌。故C正确。 知识模块：听力

15． Which of the following is NOT true about children’s literature today? A．It’s much more action-oriented. B．It has less detailed descriptions. C．It tends to have a much faster pace. D．It has a lot of philosophizing.

正确答案：D

解析：Jessica认为当今的儿童文学比较注重行动、没有过多的哲学探讨、节奏要快得多，因此，选项D与原文意思相反，为正确答案。听音时应善于从一连串的具体例子中抓住说话人的意图。 知识模块：听力

SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文： Fighting in the Lebanese capital Beirut between pro-government groups and supporters of the opposition led by Hezbollah has continued into the night. Reports say at least seven, mainly civilians, were killed and several others wounded. The fight started after the Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah described recent government moves to curb its influence as a declaration of war. Spokesman for the American State Department David Foley, condemned Hezbollah’s actions. He said they called on Hezbollah to cease that violent action, and called on Syria and Iran to stop their illegal assistance to Hezbollah, but there was no suggestion of US

military reaction in response to the renewed violence.

16． Hezbollah launched the disturbance because

A．they are supporters of those who are opposed to the government. B．at least seven Hezbollah members were killed by the government. C．the Hezbollah leader was resentful of the government’s suppression. D．the government condemned their actions in the Lebanese capital.

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。新闻中提到真主党领袖Hassan Nasrallah认为最近政府限制真主党影响的行为是对真主党的宣战，之后就发生了骚乱。由此可知C正确。 知识模块：听力

17． According to David Foley, ______ are providing support to Hezbolah. A．America and Iran B．Syria and Iraq C．America and Syria D．Syria and Iran

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。新闻提到。美国国务院发言人David Foley敦促叙利亚和伊朗停止对真主党的非法援助。故D正确。听音重点是哪两个国家向真主党提供援助，听音时应抓住相关细节。 知识模块：听力

听力原文： The United States is urging Burma to accept help following a cyclone which is reported to have killed more than 10,000 people. The appeal was made by the First Lady, Laura Bush, who said the U.S. had allocated 250,000 dollars in emergency aid. She said the United States would work with the UN and other international non-governmental organizations, to provide water, sanitation, food and shelter. The United States was prepared to provide an assistance team and much-needed supplies to Burma as soon as the Burmese government accepted their offer. The United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said the UN would do whatever it could to provide humanitarian help to Burma. The European Union, Japan and India have also offered emergency relief.

18． According to the news item, how many countries or organizations have offered to help Burma?

A．3. B．1. C．4 D．5

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。新闻中提到，劳拉表示美国已经调拨25万美元用来紧急援助缅甸。联合国秘书长潘基文也表示联合国将竭尽全力为缅甸提供人道主义援助。欧盟、日本以及印度也已向缅甸提供紧急救助。由此可见，一共有5个国家

或组织提出帮助缅甸，故D正确。国际新闻中经常会涉及很多国家或组织机构，这也是新闻听力的出题点之一。 知识模块：听力

听力原文： American scientists say many tropical insects could face extinction by the end of this century unless they adapt to predict rising temperatures. They say climate change in the tropics could have secondary effects on plant pollination and food supplies. Here’s our science correspondent Christine McGourty. The researchers studied data on dozens of insect species from around the world, looking at temperature changes between 1950 and 1990, and how the insects were affected The aim was to predict how they’d cope in the late 21st century, if temperatures increase as many scientists predict The results show that insects in countries at higher latitudes, in Britain, for example, should cope best But the impact could be far worse in the tropics where insects are more sensitive to even small temperature changes.

19． What is the main idea of the news item?

A．Tropical insects might not survive temperature changes.

B．Insects living in countries at higher attitudes could all die out. C．Insects could not adapt themselves to the rising temperatures.

D．Insects’ food supplies could be affected by the rising temperatures.

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。本题需对新闻的大意进行概括。根据新闻开头可知，美国科学家认为很多热带昆虫如果不能适应不断升高的气温就会面临灭绝。所以A正确。新闻开头段第一句话通常是新闻的主旨．抓住开头部分就能回答这类题。 知识模块：听力

听力原文： Police investigating the incestuous kidnapping case in Austria say Josef Fritzl had been planning a dungeon as early as 1978, six years before he locked his daughter Elizabeth up for 24 years as a sex slave. Doctors said her first child born in the dungeon was still in a serious condition. But the rest of the family was improving. Therapists have bought toys and an aquarium for the children and given Elizabeth and her younger sons special sunglasses because their eyes are still sensitive to daylight.

20． Elizabeth has been held captive since A．1972. B．1983. C．1984 D．1978

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。新闻提到Josef Fritzl从1978年就开始计划在家里建造地牢，6年后，也就是1984年，他将女儿Elizabeth囚禁在地牢中。所以C正确。预读题干可知听音重点是Elizabeth于何时开始被囚禁，听时应重点抓住相关时间信息，迅速推断出正确答案。 知识模块：听力