主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一， 旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把
握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占2-3个。 ◆主旨大意题的分类
1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻 找或总结。
2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种 ①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意； ②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的； ③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。 ◆设问特点：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。 4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。 ◆常考问题： 1. 中心思想类
The main point /idea of the passage is… The passage is mainly about… The passage mainly discusses…
The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
2. 标题类
Which of the following is the best title of the passage? The best title for the passage would be … 3. 目的类
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to … The passage is meant to ….
In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to… 【名师指导】
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况： 1. 中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
（2018·天津卷）
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there. Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table. Sustainability(可持续性）
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming
a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock \"food\" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements. Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.” Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants. 50. What could be the best title of the passage? A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。 【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology，故选A。
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
（2019·全国卷I，D）
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.\"
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. \"Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unkind.
B. Lonely.
C. Generous.
D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。
32. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my
dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。 33. A 【解析】主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into
two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。
34. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment
（它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选B。
35. A 【解析】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，
讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无
.穷无尽”一致，故选A。 3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has a stick called “ cross”. The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse.
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
1.The passage is mainly about ___________. A. How to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse
D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada 【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly
when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.
65. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______. A. where handshaking was first practised B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China 【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。 67. The main purpose of the text is ______.
A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West D. to give us some advice before we travel abroad 【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文没有明确主题句，中心主题隐含在全文之中。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了握手的一些具体情况。
4. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.
During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.
…
67. This passage mainly tells readers_______.
A. what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival B. how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival C. what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival D. how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival 【答案】A
【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“During the opening ceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题 ——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names on Thursday Nov. 18th 2004 in Beijing.
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names 标题：China issued 1st set of stamps on family names
August 8, was Earth Overshoot Day. Calculated annually by the environmental advocacy(支持，拥护) group, Global Footprint Network (GFN), it is the day when human has consumed all the natural resources — produce, meat, fish, water, and wood — that our planet can regenerate(再生) in a single year. This means that for the rest of 2016, we will be using natural resources that are impossible to replace.
For those that are a little confused, it is similar to spending your entire year’s allowance by August and then borrowing money from friends, knowing fully well that you cannot repay the loan. GFN says that
the same thing happens in the case of the Earth.
The date of Earth Overshoot Day varies each year. In an ideal, fully sustainable world, we should only spend what we have. This means that Earth Overshoot Day would fall on December 31, or perhaps even spill into the following year, indicating that we are saving some resources for a rainy day. That did happen in 1961, when we only consumed three-quarters of what the planet produced.
Unfortunately, the day has been going up rapidly since 2014 when it fell on August 19. In 2015, it was August 13, and this year, the earliest so far — August 8! The only way to sustain this demand would be to have 1.6 earths, which as we all know, is not possible.
Fortunately, experts say that the situation is not as grim as it sounds. Many countries are already taking steps to reduce carbon emissions, which accounts for 60% of our ecological footprint, by switching to solar or wind-generated power.
Individuals can also help by eating less meat, walking, biking, or taking public transportation, as well as adopting the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. If we all work together, we can help push back Earth Overshoot Day to December 31, or even beyond! 27. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Warning: Earth Overshoot Day B. A Celebration: Earth Overshoot Day C. A Reminder: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle D. An Advertisement: Global Footprint Network
【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth Overshoot Day。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth Overshoot Day的计算方法。通过介绍Earth Overshoot Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。 【答案】A
【解析】今年的Earth Overshoot Day是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth Overshoot Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。
检测训练 题组一 真题在线
Passage 1(2019·天津卷，B)
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say,\" I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper this morning,\" made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said,\" The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,\" I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？ A. She wanted mom to read the news to her.
B. She was anxious to know what had happened. C. She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart. D. She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.
42. According to Paragraph 3，the author's reading of road signs indicates___________ A. her unique way to locate herself
B. her eagerness to develop her reading ability C. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules D. her growing desire to know the world around her. 43. What was the author's view on factual reading？ A. It would help her update test-taking skills. B. It would allow much room for free thinking. C. It would provide true and objective information. D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life. 44. The author takes novel reading as a way to___________. A. explore a fantasy land B. develop a passion for leaning C. learn about the adult community D. get away from a confusing world
45. What could be the best title for the passage？ A. The Magic of Reading
B. The Pleasure of Reading D. Reading Makes a Full Man
C. Growing Up with Reading
【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。
41.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段主题句I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.和
Hearing mom say … made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself可知，作者一直想知道妈妈在读什么。作者抢过妈妈读的报纸，因为作者自己迫切想看一看报纸上写的内容，故选B。
42. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know
everything，可以推断出，让妈妈开车开慢一点，他能够读出所有路标，正是作者在阅读方面的进步引起了他的好奇心，想要了解周围的一切，故选D。
43.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school
was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my test.可知，小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读，读书是为了获取知识，考试得A。因此事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息，故选 C。
44. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into
a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone.( 打开一本小说，我可以摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。在这个世界上，我可以成为任何人。) 可知，阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入到小说中的世界中去，故选D。
45.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据上下文可知，作者以时间顺序回忆了自己的阅读经历和感悟，伴着
阅读成长，故选项C符合题意。
Passage 2 （2019·全国新课标卷II，D）
【2019·全国卷II，D】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable
solution to test in space.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A. They are hard to get rid of. C. They appear different forms.
33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. education
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A. Check their product. C. Adjust work schedules.
35. What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts. B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier. C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom. D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。 32.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts. The
microorganisms form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“the microorganisms”包括“bacteria”。由此可知， A项符合题意。
33.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的 “HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with
NASA engineers. Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,...”可知，Hunch旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌, ...”。结合最后一段中的“Gordon students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,...”可知，学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀
B. Guide project designs D. Grade their homework.
B. To sharpen students’ communication skills. D. To link space technology with school B. They lead to air pollution. D. They damage the instruments.
死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCH program的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。分析选项可知D项符合题意。
34.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the
year ,present it to NASA, ”“Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and ...It’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA的工程师要检查学生所做的产品。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。
35.D 【解析】主旨大意题。本文介绍了HUNCH项目把如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术引入
Gordon学校的课堂，从而最终影响了大学入学。尤其是最后一段“HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills.”可知，本题的最佳答案为D。
Passage 3 (2019·浙江卷，C)
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been
rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 27. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B. The increasing variety of California big trees. C. The distribution of big trees in California forests. D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting. C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre? A. Inadequate snowmelt. C. A warmer climate.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【语篇解读】本文为说明文，根据一项研究表明，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，气候变化似乎是其主要因素。
27.A 主旨大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何
地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。
28. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests
crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，故选D。
29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been
B. A longer dry season. D. Dampness of the air.
rising temperatures, …, and earlier snowmelt, …可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的融雪，故选C。
30.A 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，
文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A符合题意。
Passage 4（2019·全国卷II，C）
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her “I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，
book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report. 28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety C. Table manners.
B. Eating habits.
D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
.A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 30. What do we know about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology.
【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
28. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自
吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。
29. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on
the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。
30. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the
barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。 31. A 【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，
比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
题组二 名校模拟
Passage 1
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre, and music.
A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality(时事性) , its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient value.
For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
1．According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the “same” newspaper is that __________.
A．people have different views about what a good newspaper is B．people are rarely interested in the same kind of news C．people scan for the news they are interested in D．different people prefer different newspapers
2．It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers _________. A．apply reading techniques skillfully B．jump from one newspaper to another C．appreciate the variety of a newspaper
D．read a newspaper selectively usually
3．The best title for this passage would be “__________”. A．The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper B．The Variety of a Good Newspaper C．The Importance of Newspaper Topicality D．Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一份好的新闻报纸的特点是涉及的面会很广，原
因是新闻报纸的时事性，但是，时事性和与之相伴的生产速度也意味着报纸上出现的很多东西只不过是短暂的价值。由于所有这些原因，要想有效地阅读报纸，即既要得到你想要的东西，又不浪费时间，就需要你在修改和应用阅读技巧时具备技巧和自我意识。
1．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper:
what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper.（由于所有这些原因，没有两个人真正读的是同一份报纸:每个人所做的是把当天的报纸，他自己的选择和顺序，他自己的报纸放在一起。）可知，每个人在看报纸的时候都会按照自己的顺序跳跃着找自己感兴趣的部分，所以一定程度上说没有两个人会看同样的报纸。故选B。
2．D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper:
what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.（由于所有这些原因，没有两个人真正读同一份报纸:每个人所做的是把当天的报纸、他自己的选择和顺序、他自己的报纸放在一起。由于所有这些原因，要想有效地阅读报纸，即既要得到你想要的东西，又不浪费时间，就需要你在修改和应用阅读技巧时具备技巧和自我意识。）由此可知，新闻阅读者会在读报的时候有一定的选择性，他们在阅读时会选择自己喜欢的，结合选项，故选D。
3．A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of
reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and
special features as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre, and music.（一份好的现代报纸是一份非凡的读物。它首先是了不起的，它包含：从地方犯罪到国际政治，从体育到商业，从时尚到科学的新闻范围，以及评论和特写的范围，从编辑页面到专题文章和采访，再到对书籍、艺术、戏剧和音乐的批评。）以及文章主要内容为说明一份好报纸应该具备什么样的特点，故A选项最符合文章标题。故选A。
Passage 2
Sila Sutharat, a roasted chicken street vendor from Phetchaburi,Thailand,has come up with a unique way of cooking chicken.He uses 1,000 mobile mirrors that concentrate sunlight into a strong beam(光束).
Like most other street vendors, Sila used to cook his chicken over a charcoal(木炭)fire.But that all changed in 1997,when an ordinary observation gave him a great idea.One day,he was hit by the sunlight reflected off the window of a passing bus,and he felt its heat.\"I could possibly change it into energy,\" Sila told himself. Then he started working on how to make use of the sunlight to cook his chicken.
\"They said that I'd gone mad,and that cooking chicken like this was impossible,\"Sila told reporters about how people reacted to his idea.But he didn't let their jokes get to him, and in the end he was the one who had the last laugh.He invented a panel featuring 1.000 small mirrors that could be moved.It worked exactly as he predicted,allowing him to cook a 1.5 kg chicken in just I0 to 15 minutes. “After a long time passed by, they'd say: \"Actually,you could do it,'”Sila Sutharat recalls. Sila says that his invention can make the temperature go up to 312'C．This is why he always wears a special mask instead of a cook's hat when operating it.
Sila's solar roaster is an unusual sight.It has attracted quite a few curious people who are eager to taste Sila's sun-cooked chicken.He's been using this cooking method for two decades now.And he says it's much better than traditional roasting methods.It is free,cooks all parts of the chicken,and best of all,it's 100% clean. Phetchaburi Rajabhat University thought Sila's idea was very good and useful,so they awarded him an honorary science degree.
1．What happened to Sila Sutharat in 1997? A．He learned to cook chicken.
B．He was knocked down by a passing bus. C．He changed his way of roasting chicken. D．He was seriously hurt by reflected sunlight.
2．From the third paragraph,we can learn that______. A．many people were in favor of Sila Sutharat's idea at first B．Sila Sutharat needs to wear a special mask when working C．Sila Sutharat can cook a 1.5 kg chicken within 10 minutes
D．the first panel Sila Sutharat invented didn't work as he had predicted 3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Sila Sutharat has been given an honorary science degree. B．The sun-cooked chicken has become very popular among people. C．There will be more sun-cooked chicken stores in the near future. D．Sila Sutharat has been doing this special work for about twenty years. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．How to make some useful tools. B．How to cook tasty roasted chicken.
C．A Thai man who uses a special way to cook chicken. D．A good restaurant in Thailand that you may be interested in.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一个泰国人Sila Sutharat在1997年改变了烤鸡的方式，
他使用了1000个可移动的镜子将阳光聚集成一束强光来将鸡肉烤熟。这与传统的烘焙方法相比优点是免费的，100%干净的，收到人们欢迎。Silla的想法还被授予了荣誉科学学位。
1．C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中But that all changed in 1997,when an ordinary observation gave
him a great idea. One day, he was hit by the sunlight reflected off the window of a passing bus, and he felt its heat. “I could possibly change it into energy,\" Sila told himself. Then he started working on how to make use of the sunlight to cook his chicken.（但在1997年，一切都改变了，一个普通的观察给了他一个伟大的想法。有一天，他被一辆经过的公共汽车窗户反射的阳光击中，他感到了阳光的热量。“我可以把它变成能量，”西拉告诉自己。然后他开始研究如何利用阳光来烹调他的鸡。）可知1997年Sila Sutharat改变了烤鸡的方式。故选C。
2．B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句This is why he always wears a special mask instead of
a cook's hat when operating it.（这就是为什么他在操作时总是戴着一个特殊的面具而不是厨师的帽子。）可知Sila Sutharat在工作时需要戴一个特殊的面具。故选B。
3．C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句Phetchaburi Rajabhat University thought Silla’s idea was
very good and useful, so they awarded him an honorary science degree.（Phetchaburi Rajabhat大学认为Silla的想法非常好，非常有用，所以他们授予他荣誉科学学位。）可知文章提到了A选项“Sila Sutharat被授予荣誉科学学位。”，故排除A；根据最后一段中It has attracted quite a few curious people who are eager to taste Silla’s sun-cooked chicken. He’s been using this cooking method for two decades now.（它吸引了不少好奇的人，渴望品尝新罗的太阳煮鸡。他使用这种烹饪方法已经20年了。）可知文章提到了B选项“晒熟的鸡肉在人们中间很受欢迎。”以及D选项“Sila Sutharat从事这项特别的工作大约20年了。”，故排除B、D选项；只有C选项“在不久的将来会有更多的晒熟鸡肉店。”文章没有提到，故选C。
4．C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Sila Sutharat, a roasted chicken street vendor from
Phetchaburi,Thailand,has come up with a unique way of cooking chicken. He uses 1,000 mobile mirrors that concentrate sunlight into a strong beam(光束).（来自泰国碧差汶的烤鸡摊贩Sila Sutharat想出了一种独特的烤鸡方法。他使用了1000个可移动的镜子将阳光聚集成一束强光。）以及文章主要内容围绕着泰国人Sila Sutharat用一种特殊方法烹饪鸡肉展开，故选C。
Passage 3
It was New Year’s night. An aged man was standing at a window. Few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goal-the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the age leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and regrets.
The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrances of the two roads. One leading to a peaceful, sunny place covered with flowers and fruits; the other leading to a deep dark cave which was endless. He looked towards the sky and cried painfully, “Oh youth, return! Oh, my father, place me once more at the entrance to life”. But both his father and the days of his youth had passed away.
He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness，and these were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappear, and this was the symbol of himself. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood, who entered life together with him. But they had made their way to success and were then honored and happy on that New Year’s night.
The clock in the high church tower struck and the sound made him remember his parents. They had taught him and prayed to God for his good. But he chose the wrong way with shame and grief. He dared no longer to look towards the heaven where his parents lived. He burst out a cry: “Come back, my early
days!”And his youth did return, for all this was only a dream on New Year’s night. He was still young though his faults were real. He had not yet entered the deep dark eave, and he was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.
1．Which of the following words can best describe the aged man? A．Confident.
B．Selfless.
C．Regretful.
D．Fortunate.
2．What can we learn from Para3?
A．The man’s friends missed their youth. B．The man’s friends suffered failure finally. C．The man wasted his life at one time. D．The man was lonely in his childhood. 3．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The old man didn’t take his father’s advice. B．The old man was enjoying his journey.
C．The old man’s father accompanied him during the journey. D．The old man was like lights in the darkness. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．A Special New Year’s Night C．Youth Coming Back
B．An Old Man’s Hesitation D．Two Roads to Take
【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。介绍了一位年轻人梦见自己成了一个令人惋惜的老人，梦醒后
意识到自己还年轻，还能继续奋斗。
1．C 【解析】本题考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句，“He had already passed sixty of the age leading
to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and regrets.”，可推断老人是令人惋惜的。故答案为C。
2．C 【解析】本题考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness，
and these were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappear, and this was the symbol of himself.”，天空坠落的星辰意味着他曾经浪费的光阴，可知那个人曾经浪费了他的生命。故答案为C。
3. A 【解析】本题考查细节理解。依据为第四段第二句“They had taught him and prayed to God for his
good. But he chose the wrong way with shame and grief.”表明父母期望他选择那条成功之路，
而老人未曾选择，故A项为正确选项。
4．D 【解析】本题考查主旨大意。road是本文关键词。文章第二段第二句“He recalled the serious
moments when his father placed him at the entrances of the two roads. ”，文章第四段第三句“But he chose the wrong way”，文章第四段最后一句“He was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land. ”都有所体现，D项“Two Roads to Take”，有两条路可走符合文章主旨。故答案为D。
Passage 4
When he was 22, Rob Stewart traveled the world for four years. He wanted to call attention to the mistreatment of sharks. His 2007 film, Sharkwater, documents the cruel practice of removing sharks' fins (鳍) for money and leaving the animals to die. In his latest documentary, Revolution, Stewart takes on an even bigger challenge: climate change.
The Canadian filmmaker says that climate change has harmed people and places everywhere: “It is stronger than any government or organization. If we educate people, they will make better decisions about protecting natural resources. ”
According to a recent report on climate change, “The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have reduced, and sea levels have risen.” These developments are endangering crops, wildlife, fish, and even people.
Stewart says that the consequences of climate change will be irreversible unless people take action, especially young people.“It's up to kids to be the moral compass (道德指南) of society,” he believes, “and say, ’Guys, this is not right.'”
Many kids took action after seeing Sharkwater. Elementary school students in the Northern Mariana Islands, for example, got their local government to ban the sale of shark fins.
Felix Finkbeiner, 17, of Germany is also part of the “revolution” to save the planet. In 2007, Felix started a youth group called Plant-for-the-Planet, whose motto is “Stop Talking. Start Planting.” The group raises money to plant trees. So far, Plant-for-the-Planet has planted nearly 200 trees around the world. “Future generations are the ones who will be suffering the most from inaction (无作为),” Felix says. His goal is to plant millions of additional trees.
“When we started four years ago,” Felix tells Stewart in Revolution, “we thought we had to save the polar bear. We thought we had to save the environment. But soon after, we found out that it's about our
future, that we have to save our own future.” 1．What can we learn about Rob Stewart? A．He spends most of his time traveling. B．He likes taking challenging jobs. C．He cares about the environment. D．He made his first film four years ago.
2．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Easy to accept.
B．Hard to notice. D．Impossible to change.
C．Unnecessary to worry about.
3．Which of the following can best describe Felix Finkbeiner? A．Far-sighted. C．Easy-going
B．Peace-loving.
D．Self-centered.
4．What would be the best title for the text? A．The best way to help
B．Helping a planet in trouble D．A famous filmmaker
C．Tips on saving our future
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了电影制作人Rob Stewart为保护环境所作出的努力以
及他对年轻人的影响。
1．C 【解析】推理判断题。关于Rob Stewart我们能了解到什么？Rob Stewart拍摄了两部关于鲨鱼
和气候变化的电影，从第四段“Stewart says that the consequences of climate change will be irreversible unless people take action, especially young people.”可知，他关注环境，故选C。
2．D 【解析】词义猜测题。要猜测的词汇“irreversible”所在句子是说：如果人们不采取行动，那
么由于气候变化引发的后果是irreversible，在第二段中“The Canadian filmmaker says that climate change has harmed people and places everywhere: “It is stronger than any government or organization.”提到了现在气候变化的严重程度，所以四个选项中只有D符合语境，故选D。
3．A 【解析】推理判断题。怎么来描述Felix Finkbeiner？最后一段：“Felix tells Stewart in Revolution,
“we thought we had to save the polar bear. We thought we had to save the environment. But soon after, we found out that it's about our future, that we have to save our own future.”可知，Felix关注环境问题，认为环境是关乎我们的明天，所以他是有远见了，故选A。
4．B 【解析】主旨大意题。文章讲述了电影制作人Rob Stewart以及在他的影响下其它年轻人为保
护地球环境所做的努力，B项全面概括了这一主旨，故选B。
【高分秘籍】 1. 寻找主题句：
抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。主题句是指能表达或概况段
落主题或文章主要内容的句子， 通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。 主题句在文中的位置:
（1）开门见山：提出主题—细节支撑阐明主题 （2）段末点睛：细节描述—归纳要点—概括主题 （3）段中点旨：细节描述—归纳主题—进一步解释
（4）无主题句：考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意 2. 捕捉关键词：
略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）
上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过。注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图 的关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。 3. 仔细推敲选项：
（1）主旨大意题的干扰项的特点有：
①以偏概全：只阐述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息；
②无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干 扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
③主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容；
④张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。在我们不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
（2）主旨大意题的正确选项特征
①含有抽象名词和概括性词语的选项往往是正确答案； ②较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。
Passage 5
A photo of the late actor Robin Williams hangs with flowers left by people paying their respects, in
Boulder, Colorado, on Monday at the home where his hit TV series Mork &Mindy was set.
Robin Williams, a brilliant shape-shifter who could channel his energy into delightful comic characters like Mrs Doubtfire or use it in delicate work like his Oscar-winning turn in Goodwill Hunting, died on Monday in an apparent suicide at the age of 63.
The office said the Initial investigation shows the cause of death to be a suicide due to a sphyxio(*g). The Marin County Coroner's Office said Williams was last seen alive at home at about 10 p.m. on Sunday. An emergency call from his house in Tiburon was placed to the Sheriff's Office shortly before noon on Monday.
\"This morning, I lost my husband and my best friend, while the world lost one of its most beloved artists and beautiful human beings. I am heartbroken, said Williams' wife, Susan Schneider.
\"On behalf of Robins family, we are asking for privacy during our time of deep sorrow. As he is remembered, it is our hope that the focus will not be on Robin's death, but on the countless moments of Joy and laughter he gave to millions.”
Like so many funnymen, Wiliams had dramatic ambitions. He played for tears in Awakenings, Dead Poets Society and What Dreams May Come, which led New York Times critic Stephen Holden to write that he dreaded seeing the actor’s \"Humpty Dumpty smile and wrinkled moist eyes.” But other critics approved, and Willams won three Golden Globes, for Good Moring, Vietnam, Mrs. Doubtfire and The Fisher king.
“Robin was a lightning storm of comic genius and our laughter was the thunder that supported him. He was a friend and I can’t believe he’s gone,” Spielberg said. 1．In paragraph 1, the word “shape-shifter” means ________. A．all-round, adaptable actor C．unchangeable, settled figure
B．actor in depression
D．actor obsessed with his physical shape
2．From the passage we know Robin probably died at ________. A．10:00 on Sunday
B．11:00 on Monday
D．15:00 on Sunday
C．13:00 00 on Monday
3．Robin’s families sincerely requested the public to ________. A．help to uncover the cause of Robin's death B．pay their respects to Robin every yea C．remember every happy moment Robin has left
D．share n their sorrow and accompany them 4．The best title for this passe is ________. A．The Cause of a Famous Actor’s Death B．The unexpected Fall of a Comic Star C．The public’s Respect to a Late Actor D．The shock at an everlasting Friend’s Death
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了喜剧演员Robin Williams的死亡，及其作品给人们带来的影响个及成就。
1．A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段的Robin Williams, a brilliant shape-shifter who could channel
his energy into delightful comic characters like Mrs Doubtfire or use it in delicate work like his Oscar-winning turn in Goodwill Hunting（罗宾·威廉姆斯，一位才华横溢的全方位型的演员，他可以把自己的精力投入到像《窈窕奶男》这样令人愉快的漫画人物身上，也可以把精力投入到像《心灵捕手》这样的精致作品中）由此可推知，Robin Williams 是一个全面、适应性很强的演员，故“shape-shifter”意为“全面、适应性强的演员”，故选A。
2．B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的The Marin County Coroner's Office said Williams was last
seen alive at home at about 10 p.m. on Sunday. An emergency call from his house in Tiburon was placed to the Sheriff's Office shortly before noon on Monday.（马林县验尸官办公室表示，最后一次看到威廉姆斯活着是在周日晚上10点左右。周一快到中午的时候，从他位于蒂伯龙的家中拨打的紧急电话被接到了县治安官办公室。）由此可以判断出罗宾可能死于星期一11点，其它时间与文章内容不符。故选B。
3．C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段的As he is remembered, it is our hope that the focus will not be
on Robin's death, but on the countless moments of Joy and laughter he gave to millions.（正如他被铭记的那样，我们希望人们关注的焦点不是罗宾的死，而是他给数百万人带来的无数欢乐和笑声。）由此可知，罗宾的家人真诚地请求观众记住罗宾留下的每一个快乐的时刻。故选C。 4．B 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了喜剧演员Robin Williams的死亡，及其
作品给人们带来的影响个及成就。由此可知，B选项（一个喜剧明星的意外陨落）能作为本文最好的标题，故选B。
Passage 5
Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish
builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put out another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys ( 肾) don’t work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection( 诊察) difficult.
Kidney’s main job is to remove toxins ( 毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain.
Research shows that more than 25 percent of patients found to require dialysis ( 透析) do not see a kidney specialist until less than 90 days before dialysis starts. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.
1．The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that . A．it’s safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
B．it doesn’t matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time C．it’s important for our body to empty the waste in time every day D．our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently 2．The underlined word “insidious” (in Paragraph 3) means . A．gradual and unnoticed C．smooth and safe
B．apparent and fast D．painful and long
3．We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, . A．the kidney failure begins
B．the kidneys may have been seriously damaged C．we have lost about 10 percent of kidney function D．the kidneys can still work properly
4．How many factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage? A．Three.
B．Four.
C．Five.
D．Six.
5．Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage? A．Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts. B．Go to see a kidney specialist whenever you find any warning sign. C．Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D．Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。我们的肾脏就像我们的家一样，需要及时排除垃圾。文章主要讲述了肾脏出现问题的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素。
1．C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章一二段的内容，以及第三段的This is a simple description of what
happens to your body when your kidneys ( 肾) don’t work efficiently.可推断作者列举家庭处理垃圾情况的主要目的是让我们明白身体和家一样需要及时处理垃圾，不然对身体有害。C. it’s important for our body to empty the waste in time every day（对于我们的身体来说每天及时排空垃圾很重要）符合以上说法，故选C项。
2．A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段的Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood
cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.和第四段的There may be no warning signs.可知，肾功能的变化是由身体其它变化引起的，是经过一个逐渐过程，而且这个变化没有任何警示，故推测划线词的意思是“逐渐的/慢慢的，无法察觉的”。A. gradual and unnoticed（逐渐的，看不见的）符合以上推测，故选A项。 3．B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段的It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90 percent
of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs.可知90%的症状在被确诊之前是看不出来的，而且没有任何的预警，故推测当人们发现肾病症状时，肾可能已经严重受损。B. the kidneys may have been seriously damaged（肾脏可能已经严重受损）符合以上推测，故选B项。
4．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知age and genetic make-up，diabetes and high
blood pressure, overweight and not getting enough exercise,（衰老，基因组成，糖尿病，高血压，超重和不运动）这六项都是导致肾功病的原因。故选D项。
5．D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段的There may be no warning signs. This makes early
detection( 诊察) difficult. 和第六段的Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.可推测早期诊察，做足够的锻炼可以预防肾损伤。D. Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.（做足够的锻炼和肾脏的早期诊察可以预防肾损伤）符合以上说法，故选D项。
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