考研英语(一)模拟试卷226(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（一）模拟试卷226 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your life’ s strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to each of these pursuits? Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you don’t invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’t help believing that their troubles relate right back to a short-term perspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they’ll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’ re moving forward. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesn’t offer the same immediate sense of achievement. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you’ll see that people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most. 2. Create a Family Culture. If employees embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created a culture. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool. At the teen years, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just as companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, you have to design them into family’ s culture and you have to think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.

16． According to the author, the key point to the success of your resources allocation in your life relies on______.

A．long-term planning B．time managing

C．brand-new opportunities

D．a rewarding relationship with your wife

正确答案：A 解析：根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段。该段指出如何分配个人资源可能

会使你的生活和预想的完全不一样，不合理的分配会带来不好的结果。接着最后一句说到As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness，I can’t help believing that their troubles relate right back to a short-term perspective，即作者认为那些把精力投入在毫无意义的苦恼上却不自知的人，他们的悲剧与他们短浅的目光直接相关。由此可推断出要明智地分配个人资源就要具备长远的眼光，即长期规划，A项正确，故本题选A。

17． The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 is demonstrated______. A．to present a comparison B．to offer a definition

C．to provide further explanation D．to illustrate career development

正确答案：C

解析：根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段第二句。该句意为“我们的事业最直接地证明了我们在向前进步”。举这个例子是为了证明前面的论点，即该段的第一句：渴求成就的人总是不自觉地将多余的时间用在见效快的事情上。由此可知，C项“进一步解释”正确，故本题选C。

18． A common cause of failure in business and family relationships is______. A．lack of resources B．short-sightedness C．shortage of time D．decision by instinct

正确答案：B

解析：根据题干关键词定位到文章第五段第一句。原文中的disaster是题干关键词failure的同义转换。该句指出事业失败的根源是this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification，即“人们对于提供即时满足的事情的倾向”。第二句接着说“如果你通过这个角度来看待个人生活，会看到人们把越来越少的资源投人到他们曾经认为最重要的事情上”。由此可知，人们事业和家庭失败的根源在于其目光短浅，把精力投入在见效快的事情上，对真正重要的事情缺乏关注，故本题选B。

19． One of the similar points between company culture and family culture is that______.

A．culture needs to be nurtured B．cooperation is the basis C．respect is the key

D．problem-solving ability is critical

正确答案：A 解析：根据题干关键词定位到文章倒数第二段。此段讲家庭文化与企业文化之间的关系。最后两句指出Families have cultures，just as companies do．Those

cultures can be built consciously，即“家庭也有文化，就像公司一样，人们可以有意识地建立那些文化”，因此A项正确，故本题选A。

20． Which of the following would be the best tittle for the text? A．The Bottom Line on Happiness B．Good Management Theory C．Use Your Resources Wisely

D．The Children’ s Strong Self-esteem

正确答案：A

解析：总览全文可知，A项“幸福的底线”为正确答案。B项“良好的管理理论”只在第一段提及，C项“明智地利用你的资源”是作者提出的帮助你过上有意义生活的第一个管理方法，D项“孩子们强烈的自尊”仅仅在最后一段有所提及，所以B、C、D三项只是文中的某个小细节，均不能概括全文，故本题选A。

Part B (10 points)

[A] Evidence for a “bilingual advantage”—the idea that speaking more than one language improves mental skills such as attention control or ability to switch between tasks—has been mixed. Most studies have had only a few dozen participants from mid- to high-socioeconomic-status backgrounds perform laboratory-based tasks. [B] The use of such a sizable data set “constitutes a landmark approach” for language studies, says Jon Andoni Dunabeitia, a professor at Nebrija University in Madrid, who was not involved in the work. But Dnabeitia notes the data did not contain details such as when bilingual subjects learned each language or how often they spoke it. Without this information, Hartanto concedes, it is difficult to draw conclusions about how being bilingual could confer cognitive advantages. [C] Children growing up in low-income homes score lower than their wealthier peers on cognitive tests and other measures of scholastic success, study after study has found. Now mounting evidence suggests a way to mitigate this disadvantage: learning another language. [D] Andree Hartanto, a doctoral candidate at Singapore Management University and the study’ s lead author, says he sought out a data set of thousands of children who were demographically representative of the U.S. population. It is the largest study to date on the bilingual advantage and captures more socioeconomic diversity than most others, Hartanto says. The analysis also includes a real-world measure of children’s cognitive skills: teacher evaluations. [E] Hartanto agrees that it will take more work to untangle the complex relations among bilingual-ism, socioeconomic status and cognitive development. The new findings, he says, “show us that the answer to bilingual cognitive advantages should not be a simple yes or no.” [F] Kenneth Paap, a psychologist at San Francisco State University, thinks other factors may explain higher performance in bilingual children. For example, they are more likely to be immigrants. Previous epidemiological studies have revealed a “healthy immigrant effect,” Paap says, referring to findings that immigrants on average have better

physical health and lower mortality rates than native-born citizens. This benefit could extend to cognitive ability. [G] In an analysis published online in January in Child Development, Singapore Management University researchers probed demographic data and intellectual assessments from a subset of more than 18,000 kindergartners and first graders in the U.S. As expected, they found children from families with low socioeconomic status (based on factors such as household income and parents’ occupation and education level) scored lower on cognitive tests. But within this group, kids whose families spoke a second language at home scored better than monolinguals. Order:

21．

正确答案：C

解析：根据文章给出的D项可知，本文主要讨论双语优势在儿童中的作用，所以前文的内容应和儿童的双语有关。本题处于段首位置，所以一般为概述．以引起下文或者设置悬念，引起读者阅读兴趣。在所给选项中，排除使用具体例子作为叙述的文段，剩下C、A、E三项，因为E项内容明显属于结论，而A项无法和下文实现正确的衔接关系，排除。故本题选C。

22．

正确答案：G

解析：第一段提到了Children growing up in low-income homes，之后又提到了another language，所以之后的段落应和这两方面的内容相关，只有G项符合题意。该段指出新加坡管理大学的研究人员对超过18 000名孩子进行了研究，并得出结论：使用第二外语的孩子得分要相对高一些。故本题选G。

23．

正确答案：A

解析：根据上一段最后得出的结论，kids whose families spoke a second language at home scored better than monolinguals(双语家庭的孩子比单语家庭的孩子得分更高一些)可知，其和A段第一句的bilingual advantage(双语优势)相呼应，上下文衔接顺畅。故本题选A。

24．

正确答案：B

解析：根据所给的D段内容可知，该段讲述了哈坦托教授进行了迄今为止规模最大的一场研究，和下文B段提到的The use of such a sizable data(使用如此庞大的数据)相对应，且B段中也提到了关于data的其他内容。故本题选B。

25．

正确答案：E

解析：根据所给出的F段以及前文的D、B两段可知，后两段是杜纳比提亚教授和帕普心理学家对哈坦托教授双语优势实验的看法，所以在E段进行总结，提到了哈坦托教授认为还需要take more work(进行更多的研究)来完善双语优势的研究，不能简单地定论。故本题选E。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

By the end of the week, women in Missouri may live in a state without a single abortion clinic. While restrictive laws in states like Alabama have made headlines, Missouri shows the other side of the anti-abortion strategy: steadily shave away at abortion rights. 【T1】You don’t need to outlaw the procedure outright if you can make getting a safe, legal one nearly impossible. The reason there’ s only one remaining clinic in Missouri in the first place is because the state has tried to regulate abortion out of existence. A series of unnecessary rules and regulations makes it harder both for women to access abortions and for medical professionals to provide them. 【T2】Mis-souri’s misogynistic laws already don’t trust women to make their own decisions—they mandate that any woman seeking an abortion in the state has to come to a clinic, request the procedure, and then go home and think about it for three days before it can be legally proffered. They also require that young people under the age of 18 notify both parents and get the notarized consent of at least one parent before they can terminate a pregnancy—a serious hardship for girls who live with abuse, or who don’ t have a good relationship with their parents, or who don’ t want to be mothers but want to keep their medical decisions private. 【T3】Physicians in Missouri who provide abortions have to have admitting privileges to a hospital within 15 minutes of a clinic, an absurd requirement for a medical procedure that is incredibly safe. Admitting privileges create an unnecessary barrier to care—clinics that aren’t within 15 minutes of a hospital, for example, simply cannot exist in Missouri, which means even less service for already-underserved communities. It’s rare that patients have to be admitted to hospitals after an abortion; 【T4】it’ s more common that a hospital referral will come because a doctor discovers an ectopic pregnancy or another condition that requires additional treatment, for which admitting privileges make little difference. One study on admitting privileges for physicians at abortion clinics found that they made no difference for patients receiving care. But they do make it harder for doctors to offer that care. If Missouri’ s last clinic closes, women will have to travel out of state to end their pregnancies. But that, too, creates significant hardships. That kind of travel costs money. It requires owning a car. Depending on how far women go, it may necessitate a hotel room. It requires taking time off of work. 【T5】It makes abortion particularly inaccessible for poor women, for women who are already raising children on their own, and for women in vulnerable situations, like abusive relationships. These laws won’ t end abortion. They will just make it harder, more painful, and more expensive.

26． 【T1】

正确答案：如果你能让一个安全、合法的程序变得几乎行不通，你就不需要完全禁止这个程序。

解析：本句是一个复合句。句中包含if引导的条件状语从句，代词one指代前面出现过的单数可数名词procedure，翻译时要译出来。outlaw可能是考生的翻译难点，若不知道这个单词的含义，可根据单词构成来推测，out可意为“远离，缺少，没有”，与law“法律”组合的单词可推测为“使……成为非法，宣布……不合法”。

27． 【T2】

正确答案：密苏里州的法律歧视女性，不信任她们自己做决定——法律规定，任何在该州寻求堕胎的女性都必须去诊所，申请堕胎程序，然后回家考虑三天，才能合法堕胎。

解析：本句较长，但句子结构相对简单。破折号起解释说明的作用，在翻译时考生可保留破折号。破折号后的they指代Missouri’s misogynistic laws，翻译时要译出，否则会造成歧义；that引导宾语从句，seeking an abortion in the state作any woman的定语；come to与request和then go并列；before引导时间状语从句，可翻译为“在……之前，才”。

28． 【T3】

正确答案：密苏里州提供堕胎服务的医生必须有权在15分钟内将病人转入医院，这是对极其安全的医疗程序的荒谬要求。

解析：本句的主干为Physicians have to have…a clinic，who引导定语从句修饰主语，an absurd requirement…作前面整句话的同位语，起解释说明的作用。同位语中包含一个由that引导的定语从句，因定语从句较短，翻译时可前置。admit有“接收入院，收治”的含义。

29． 【T4】

正确答案：因为医生发现宫外孕或其他需要额外治疗的情况往往会让病人住院，而收治入院的特权对这些情况几乎没有影响。

解析：本句话较长，包含多个从句，翻译前考生要仔细分析句子结构，确定句子主干。本句的主干为it’s more common that…，it为形式主语，真正的主语是a hospital referral will come。because引导原因状语从句；condition后面的。that引导定语从句，修饰another condition；which引导非限定性定语从句。

30． 【T5】

正确答案：这使得贫困妇女、已经独自抚养孩子的妇女以及处于弱势地位(如

虐待关系)的妇女尤其无法堕胎。

解析：本句句式较整齐，for poor women，for women who…和for women in…三者并列，表示处于三种情况中的女性，翻译时可以前置。who引导定语从句；like abusive relationships中的like为介词，意为“像”，表列举，翻译时若不好处理其位置，可以放在括号内。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

31． You are supposed to write a letter to your university canteen, suggesting how to improve its service. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

正确答案： Dear Sir or Madam, I am a senior student of our university, who often have meals in our canteen. To be honest, our canteen provides a food service to students and staff that meets our nutritional needs. However, I still have some suggestions for you to make it more popular among students and staff. Firstly, I wonder whether you could provide a range of food options that cater for a variety of dietary needs and rotates your menu on a regular basis. Many students have been tired of the regular menu. Besides, some students have always been complaining about the high prices of food there, so could you please reduce the prices a little bit to make the food more affordable to students? I would appreciate you if you can take my suggestions into account and really hope that students and staff can enjoy having meals in our canteen. I’m looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming

解析：本题要求写一篇建议信。考生在构思时要注意写作框架，包含三部分内容：一是说明写信的目的；二是提出建议，可分条陈述；三是期盼回复。同时，考生需注意信件的格式。

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

32． Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

正确答案： As is illustrated in the picture, a new energy car is driven on the Earth where there are some lush trees, symbolizing that fresh air is available there. Thus we can see that the widespread adoption of new energy vehicles (NEVs) can improve the air quality to a great extent. To promote new energy vehicles, the

Chinese government has offered various incentives in recent year, including tax breaks, which can be explained by several reasons. Firstly, thanks to the development of green and low-carbon technology, NEVs can cut fossil fuel use and control coal consumption, which can help reduce the use of non-renewable resources. Secondly, NEVs are powered by renewable energy sources, such as fuel-cell technology and battery, which helps lessen air pollution and improve air quality. Last but not least, the application of NEVs can be regarded as a way for China to upgrade the economy and shift the focus away from heavy industry. As far as I am concerned, NEVs are environmental friendly, and the development of auto technology will drive NEVs to become a major trend. Even so, the government plays a vital role in promoting NEVs, for example, more charging stations and posts can be built to bring convenience for the public who buy new energy vehicles.

解析：本题要求考生根据图片分析新能源汽车。考生在文章第一段可简要描述有关新能源汽车的信息，第二段就其优势进行具体介绍和分析，第三段发表自己的观点，进行总结。