主谓一致
一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。
一、语法上一致
1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。
Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
To nod one’s head means agreement. What they said is true.
2 and连接主语时，注意以下几点：
1）由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。
Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.
The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.
2) 凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。
Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.
No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village.
3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。
Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.
4) 不可数名词+兵团并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。
Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain.
5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。
The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio.
The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.
6)由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，为主的单复数与第一个名词一致。
The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present.
7)What 从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。
What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair.
8) 由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。
When and where to build the new factory ________yet.(MET1991)
A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided (key:A)
3 主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准， 不受介词后的名词影响。
The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV.
The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.
考例：1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海)
A playing B play C plays D have played (keys:C)
2) A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990)
A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered (keys: A)
4 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。
There is nothing wrong with the machine.
Either of the shirts fits me very well.
None of the farmers has (have)been abroad.
5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时谓语用单数。
Many an apple is in the basket. More than one stamp has been collected by her.
6 在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。
Three and four is (are) seven. Two times ten is (are) twenty.
7 当kind of, pair of, type of等做主语时，谓语与of 前的kind, pair, type等保持一致。如：
This pair of trousers fits you. The kind of the apple tastes delicious.
8 当a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等短语作主语时，谓语与of后的保持一致。
There are plenty of eggs in the basket. Lots of meat has been sold out.
考例：
As a result of destroying the forests, a large_______ of desert______ covered the land.(2001上海)
A number, has B quantity, has C number, have D quantity, have (key:B)
9 当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
70 percent of people have known about the truth.
考例：
_______ of the land in that district_______covered with trees and grass.(2000上海)
A Two fifth, is B Two fifth, are C Two fifth, is D Two fifths, are (key:C)
10 在one of +复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是one of结构，定语从句用复数，若是the(only) one of结构，定语从句用单数。
Zhou xia is one of the girls who like hiking. Tian lili is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam.
考例：
He is the only of the students who_______ a winner of scholarship for three years.(2002上海)
A is B are C have been D has been (key D)
11 “a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”the number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
The number of books is no more than 100, but a number of them is of little use.
考例：
the number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them______absent for different reasons.(NMET 1996)
A were , was B was, was C was , were, D were, were (key C)
二、意义上一致
1 当表示时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。
Ten years is quite a long time.
2 当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。
The rich live a happy life, while the poor live a hard life.
The wounded is our captain.
3 当maths(mathematics), politics, physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人的某方面时，谓语用复数。
Maths is difficult to learn. His physics are poor.
4 用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book. The United States is a developed country.
5 如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, half, rest, part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。
All of the rubbish was cleared away. All of the classmates have passed the examination.
6 当集合名词 family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public, couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果看作其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。
Class 3 are unable to agree on the plan. His family has just moved to Beijing.
7 有的名词如police, cattle, people, clothes, trousers等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, mean, fish, works, species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。
Shortly after the accident, the police were sent to keep order.
考例：Every possible means________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear(2000上海)。
A is used B are used C has been used D have been used (keys:C)
三、就近一致
1 连词 or, either…or, not…but, neither…nor, not only…but also, whether…or等连词并列作主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。
Either you or I am going to answer his question. Not only he but also his friends have been
to New York.
考例：
Either you or the headmaster______ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting(1994上海)
A is handing out B are to hand out C are handing out D is to hand out (key:D)
2 在there be结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的，即每一个主语一致。如：
There is a desk and three chairs in the room. There are three chairs and a desk in the room.
1. The number of people invited _____fifty , but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.
A. were ; was B. was ; was C. was ; were D. were ; were
2. As a result of destroying the forests , a large ______ of desert ______ covered the land .
A. number ; has B. quantity ; has C. number ; have D. quantity ;have
3. ---Each of the students , working hard at his or her lessons , ______ to go to university.
----So do I.
A. hope B. hopes C.hoping D. to hope
4. Either you or the headmaster ______ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
5. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet .
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
6. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift .
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
7. Of the making of good books there is no end ;neither ______ any end to their influence on man`s lives .
A.there is B. there are C. is there D. are there
8. Bill`s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _______ ?
A. isn`t it B, is it C. isn`t he D. is he
9. It was only with the help of the local guide _________ .
A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber rescued D. then the mountain climber was rescued
10. I have always been honest and straightforward , and it doesn`t matter ______ I`m talking to .
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
11. Seventy percent of the students here ______ from the countryside.
A. is B. are C. comes D. has come
12. Three—fourths of the homework ______ today .
A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D.have been finished
13. Only _____ in the school ______ been repaired .
A. one third of the desks ; has B. one third desks ; have C. one third of the desks ; have
D. one third of desks ; have
14. About 40 _____ of the population of that country ______ on farms .
A. percent ; lives B. percent ; live C. percents ; live D. percents ; lives
15. More than 60 percent of world`s radio programmes ______ in English.
A. is B. was C. are D. be
16. The total number of the population in China _______ about 100 million on April 14, 1989.
A. added up B. was C. were D. rose
17. A large number of the students in our class _______ girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
18. The number of students of this school ______ large.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
19. The whole class ______ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B.is listening to C. are listening D. is listening
20. The Chinese people ______ hard—working and brave .
A are B.is C. has been D . are being
21. The police _______ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching
22. Those who ______ in _____ compositions , please hand them in this afternoon.
A. hasn`t handed ; his B. haven`t handed ; his C. has handed ; their D. have handed ; his
23. Jane is one of the best students in her class who ______ by their teacher.
A. are praised B.is praised C. praised D. praising
24. He is the only one of the students who ______ elected.
A. are B. have C. has D. is
25. The subject of physics _______ always interested him .
A. has B. have C. is D. are
26. The subject of physics _______ always interested him .
A. has B. have C. is D are
27. The United States of America _______one of the most largest countries in the world.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
28. The Olympic Games ________ held every _______ years.
A. is ; four B. are C. is ; five D. are ; five
29. Her ______ to her children`s faults ______ quite extraordinary .
A. blind ; is B. blind ; are C. blindness ; is D. blindness ; are
30. Where _______ rubbish , there are flies .
A. there are B. there is C. is D. there has
31. The news of victories _______ spending far and wide .
A. is B. are C. have been D. were
32. A great deal of energy ______ this way .
A. are wasted B. were wasted C. is wasted D. wastes
33. The paper for books and newspapers _______ made of wood .
A. are B. is C .have D. has
34. The air in big cities ______ very dirty .
A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often 35. The rest of the apples in our class _______within half an hour .
A. is sold out B .are sold out C. was sold out D. were sold out
36. “All ______ present and all ______ going on well .”our monitor said .
A. is ; is B. are ; are C. are ; is D. is ; are
made
37. The rich ______ not always happy.
A. are B. is C. has D . have
38. ______ can be done ______ been done .
A. All ; have B. All that ; have C. All ; has D.All that ; has
39. Many a man _______ come to help us .
A. have B. has C. is D .are
40. What you said just now _______ the matter we are discussing .
A. have something to do at B. has something to do with C. had something to do with D. has been something to with
41. Mary as well as her sisters ________ Chinese in China .
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
42. No one but her parents _______ it .
A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing
43. Alice , together with the two boys , ______ for having broken the rule .
A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished
44. Everyone here , including children and old people , ______ in for sports .
A. go B. going C. to go D. goes
45. I, who ______ your teacher , will try my best to help you with your study .
A. be B. am C. are D. is
46. It is I who ______ wrong.
A . is B am C. are D. is
47. No bird and no beast ______ in the lonely island .
A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees
48. Every means ______ prevent the water from _______.
A. are used to; polluting B. get used to ; polluting C. is used to ; polluted D. is used to ;being polluted
49. Not only my brother but also I ______ good at painting both of us _____ good at painting.
A. are ; are B. am ; are C. is ; is D. are ; is
50. Either your parents or your elder brother ______ to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A. is B. are C. are going D. have
51. Neither my father nor I ______ at home.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
52. Every boy and every girl ______ to attend the evening party .
A. wish B. wishes C. like D. is like
53. In winter wet clothes ______ near fire.
A. often hanged up B. are often hanged up C. is often hung up D. are often hung up
54. Apples of this kind ________.
A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well
55. Your trousers ______ dirty , you must have ______ washed.
A. is ; it B. are ; it C. are ; them D. is ; them
56. The league secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting .
A. is B. was C. are D. were
57. John has two brothers , but either _______ out of work now.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
58. The results of the exam ______ that you have all made great _______ .
A. show ; progress B. shows ; progress C. show ; progresses D. shows ; progresses
59. ______ a good enough price for this book .
A. Two yuans are B. Two yuan are C.Two yuans is D , Two yuan is
60. Many people say 10,000 _______ a lot of money .
A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is D. dollar are
61. What we need ______ good textbooks.
A. is B. are C. have D .has
62. Professor Wu, with three lecturers, _________ attending a symposium(专题研讨会)in Shanghai on energy now.
A is B are C was D were
63.One and a half hours _______ passed.
A has B are C is D have
64. Many a student ________ going to take part in the exam next month.
A is B is to C are D was
65. What matters________ not winning but participating.
A are B to be C was D is
66. Every possible means ________used to save the panda.
A has been B have been C are D has
67. John is the only one of the students who ________ to France.
A has been B have been C had been D goes
68. Physics _______ very difficult to learn.
A is not B are not C were not D wasn’t
69.The number of the books ______ 500, but a number of them _____of little ＆#118alue.
A is, are B are, are C is, is D are , is
70. Nobody but San and Ann ________ in the lab.
A are B had been C were D is
71. Writing stories and articles _______ what I’m fond of.
A is B were C are D have been
72. Either you or I________ going to attend the meeting.
A is B are C am D will
73. The singer and composer ______coming next Monday.
A is B are C were D was
74.The young ________to be rude to the old in some areas nowadays
A seem B seems C seeming D seemed
75. Lily is one of the students who_______ skating.
A likes B like C liked D liking
76.Neither of the coats _______me well.
A fit B fits C fitted D is fit
77. There ______ plenty of rain in the summer.
A is B are C has D have
78. Three fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.
A is B are C has D have
79. Our team ______ a strong team. The team _______friendly to each other.
A is, is B is, are C are, are D are, is
Keys:
1.---5 CBBDA 6----10 ACABB 11---15 BBCBC 16---20 BACAA 21---25 BBADA
26---30 AAACB 31—35 ACBBD 36—40 CADBB 41—45 CBADB 46—50 BBDBA
51—55 ABDCC 56—60 BBADC 61—65 BAAAD 66—70 AAAAD 71—75 ACAAB
76—79 BAAB
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