话题背景抢先知
How to get children interested in science
It's especially fun and easy to take part in your child's science education. You don't need to be a scientist, or have lots of facts in your head. All you need is a love of discovery. Show your child that it's good to be curious and to ask questions. This will give him confidence in his own ability to explore. Here are some ways to get involved：
Be the example
Show him how curious you are. Let your own sense of discovery guide your exploration. Show an attitude of openness to learning. Show the fun of exploration and the joy of learning new things.
Point it out
Science is all around you. Find fun ways of showing your child the science of her everyday life. It's in cooking, cleaning, building a fire in the fireplace. It's in the yard, the garage and the basement. The night sky, the morning dew, the rising and setting of the moon and sun; it's all science.
Teach observation
Children are surrounded with new information. It can be a lot to take in. But they're always looking, and always listening. Teach your child to pay closer
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attention to details. When he sees something new, ask him to notice the size, the shape, the color, the smell, and the sound. Teach him to take a moment to notice things. You can even encourage him to take notes of the things he sees each day.,
[阅读障碍词]
discovery n．发现，发觉； 被发现的事物 confidence n．信心； 信任；秘密 explore v．勘查；探索 attitude n. 态度； 看法 surround vt.包围，围绕 observation n．观察
encourage vt. 促进； 支持； 鼓励
Ⅰ.Match the word with its meaning. 1．conclusion A．普通的；平常的 2．react B．阶段；时期 3．mixture C．膨胀 4．electricity D．液体 5．float E．设备；装备 6．expand F．煮；煮沸 7．ordinary G．结论 8．boil H．反应 9．equipment I．电 10．liquid J．收缩 11．contract K．漂浮 12．stage L．混合物
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答案：1～6 GHLIKC 7～12 AFEDJB
Ⅱ.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.
1．You know the first thing I thought of when I woke up? 想起；想到 2．They need to interview some people and find out if they like their jobs._查明
3．He had even been kept out of school during the busiest seasons.置身于外 4．He hurried me into putting my own house in order first. 整理 5．In conclusion, I wish this meeting every success. 最后 6．Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 与……发生反应 7．Do you want to add your name to the list? 把……加到……
Match the following objects with their names.
A．crucible B．beaker & glass rod C．alcohol burner D．microscope
E．tongs F．test tube G．balance 答案：①～⑦ EDBCFGA
Ⅰ.Fast-reading
1．Skim the passage A and write down the main idea of it. The_reaction_of_metals_with_different_substances.
2．Skim passage B and write down the main idea of each part. (1)Part 1 Iron_in_dry_air． (2)Part 2 Iron_in_airfree_water． (3)Part 3 Iron_in_ordinary_water． Ⅱ.Carefulreading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer. Passage A
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1．The first sentence “It is hard to think of a world without metals.” will make us think _______．
A．metals make up the world
B．metals play a greatly important role in the world C．there would be no world if there were no metals D．it is difficult for us to live in the world of metals 2．The table in the passage is arranged in order of ________． A．metal kinds B．reaction activities C．values of metal
D．the first letters of the words 3．An oxide is a ________． A．new kind of metals B．kind of gases
C．product of the reaction
D．factor (因素) of a chemical reaction
4．According to the table, which metal is most suitable to make our daily kitchenware (厨房)?
A．Zinc. B．Iron. C．Copper. D．Magnesium. Passage B
5．Which is NOT the apparatus (仪器) that is required in the experiment of “Iron in dry air”？
A．Cotton wool. B．Oil.
C．Iron nails. D．Test tube holder.
6．Which is required as one of the apparatus in the experiment of “Iron in ordinary water”？
A．Oil. B．Cotton.
C．Bunsen burner. D．Test tube holder.
7．The purpose of these three experiments is to find out how ________． A．iron reacts with water and air B．important iron is
C．do the experiment of iron's reaction with water and air D．to keep iron rustless
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答案：1～4 BBCC 5～7 BDD Ⅲ.Study-reading
Analyze the difficult sentences in the text.
1．Different metals have different uses, for example, steel is used in cars, and iron is used in electrical equipment.
[句式分析] 在该句中for example为插入语，后面接的是由并列连词and连接的两个简单句，其中两个简单句中“主语＋is used ...”是被动语态。
[尝试翻译] 不同的金属有不同的用途，比如，钢材被用于汽车中，铁被用于电器设备中。
2．When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen.
[句式分析] When we use metals是时间状语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后边的动词不定式to know how ...。
[尝试翻译] 当我们使用金属时，了解它们与不同的物质如何反应很重要，比如，水和氧气。
3．Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom.
[句式分析] 此句为倒装句。here置于句首，主语为名词，此时要将谓语动词放在主语前构成倒装。两个that从句都是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词metals。at the top和at the bottom在句中作宾补。
[尝试翻译] 这里有一个表格， 反应最强的金属在上面， 反应最弱的在下面。
[对应学生课时达标训练(十七)]
阅读理解
A
Chemical Change and Physical Change
There are two kinds of changes — chemical change and physical change. In a chemical change, there is always a new substance formed. Breaking up water into hydrogen and oxygen is a chemical change. In each of the chemical change at least one new substance is formed. A change is not a chemical change if it doesn't form a new substance.
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Physical changes are very common, too. There are many examples. You can make a physical change by tearing a piece of paper into two, or by cutting a piece of iron with lathe (机床). Here paper is still paper, and the iron is still iron.
Another way of making physical change is dissolving something in water. When you dissolve salt in water, the salt disappears. You may think that a new substance has been formed. But really there is no new substance. The salt is still salt. You can still taste it. So the dissolving of anything is a physical change.
When water freezes, the change is also a physical one. The water changes from liquid to solid, but it is still the same substance. That is why the freezing of anything is a physical change.
语篇解读：本文主要讲了两种变化——化学变化和物理变化。 1．The dissolving of salt in water is ________． A．a physical change B．a chemical change C．hydrogen and oxygen D．breaking up
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段，尤其是最后一句可知：溶解任何东西都是物理变化。
2．The change of the three states of water is ________． A．a chemical change B．different substances C．a physical change D．the same state
解析：选C 细节理解题。从文章最后一段得知水从液体变为固体或变为气体，并没有生成一种新的物质，仍是同一种物质，因此水的三种形态变化属于物理变化。
3．We can separate a chemical change from a physical one by ________． A．the change of shape B．the change of color C．newlyproduced smoke D．newlyformed substances
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第二段可知在化学变化中有新物质产生，只要没有新物质产生就不是化学变化。由此得知：判断是化学变化还是物理变化的依据是看是否有新物质产生。
4．If you change water into hydrogen, it is ________．
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A．a physical change B．a chemical change
C．a physical and chemical change D．not a change
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知：把水分解成氢气和氧气，是一个化学变化。
B
There are many interesting science experiments out there for young kids. You can wow your friends and teachers with them. All you have to do is to put a little effort into it and you should have no problem coming up with an interesting science experiment. One such experiment is to show your friends and teachers that you can make mothballs (樟脑丸) dance !
If you want to do it, first, be sure that you have got all the necessary science kits for your science experiment.
What you need for this experiment is a glass filled half full with water. Add a little bit of vinegar (醋) to your glass of water, about 1/3 or 1/4 of a cup (60 ml), and one teaspoon (10 ml) of baking soda, and then carefully stir the mixture. Drop a few mothballs into the glass and have your audience watch. As long as the surfaces of the mothballs become fairly rough, they should begin to bounce up and down in the glass.
You can also do a similar experiment with raisins (葡萄干) and clear pop,_such as Sprite. In this experiment, all you have to do is to fill a glass with Sprite and drop a few raisins into it. The raisins should begin to bounce up and down in the glass of Sprite. You can also replace the raisins with mothballs and you should get the same effect in the Sprite. This project works because the irregular surfaces of the mothballs and the raisins hold some CO2 bubbles (气泡), causing them to bounce up and down in a dancing motion.
语篇解读：文章向我们介绍了如何做简单且有趣的科学实验。 5．The writer wrote this passage to________． A．explain why some science experiments are easy B．encourage people to spend more time on science
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C．tell us how good he is at doing science experiments
D．teach kids how to do an easy and interesting science experiment
解析：选D 作者意图题。通读全文，可知作者主要向我们介绍怎么做一个简单而有趣的科学实验，故选D。
6．What is the most probable name of the experiment? A．Producing mothballs. B．Dancing mothballs. C．Changing mothballs. D．Swimming mothballs.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“One such experiment is to show your friends and teachers that you can make mothballs (樟脑丸) dance！”可知选“跳舞的樟脑丸”最好。
7．Which of the following things are needed in the experiment? a．baking soda b．water c．mothballs d．salt e．vinegar f．sugar A．bcef B．acde C．abcd D．abce
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“a glass filled half full with water. Add a little bit of vinegar (醋) to your glass of water, about 1/3 or 1/4 of a cup (60 ml), and one teaspoon (10 ml) of baking soda”可知应选D。
8．The underlined word “pop” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to “ ________”． A．a mothball B．a kind of vinegar
C．a drink with bubbles D．a special kind of raisin
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后“such as Sprite”以及“hold some CO2 bubbles”可知pop在这里是指含有二氧化碳的饮料。
C
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. They end around 21：00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
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Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London's ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and AitsThames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book More into：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12－13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel: 020 77 130 836
语篇解读：文章主要介绍了在伦敦运河博物馆每个月的讲座安排。内容包括讲座的时间、做讲座的人以及讲座内容的简介。
9．When is the talk on James Brindley? A．February 6th. B．March 6th. C．November 7th. D．December 5th.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.”可知所对应的日期是November 7th，故选C。
10．What is the topic of the talk in February? A．The Canal Pioneers. B．Ice for the Metropolis. C．Eyots and AitsThames Islands. D．An Update on the Cotsword Canals.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Smoudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.”可以得出答案，故选D。
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11．Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames? A．Miranda Vickers. B．Malcolm Tucker. C．Chris Lewis. D．Liz Payne.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句“Eyots and AitsThames Islands, by Miranda Vickers.”可知做报告的人是Miranda Vickers，故选A。
[课 文 对 译] Passage A
It is hard to think of a world without metals. Different metals have different uses, for example, steel is used in cars, and iron is used in electrical equipment. When we use metals, it is important to know how they react with different substances, for example, water and oxygen. The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order. Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top, and the metals that react least at the bottom.
Reaction with Metal Potassium Reacting with Sodium cold water Calcium Burns to form an oxide* Magnesium Reacting Aluminium with steam Zinc Iron Copper Reacts slowly Partial reaction Partial reaction No reaction Heated in oxygen water or steam *an oxide＝another substance＋oxygen Passage B
A Simple Scientific Experiment
Below is a description of a simple scientific experiment. It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water.
Aim：To find out if iron rusts (a) in dry air; (b)in water that has no air in it (airfree water)；(c)in ordinary water.
Apparatus：3 clean iron nails; test tubes; test tube holder; cotton wool; oil; Bunsen burner.
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Iron in dry air Method
(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube. (2)Push some cotton wool down the tube. (3)Leave the tube for one week. Result
After one week, the nails have not rusted. Conclusion
Iron does not rust in dry air. Iron in airfree water Method
(1)Halffill a test tube with water.
(2)Boil the water for three minutes.(This makes sure there is no air in the water.)
(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.
(4)Add some oil to the water. This will keep air out of the water. (5)Leave the tube for one week. Result
The nails do not rust in the tube with airfree water. Conclusion
Iron does not rust in airfree water. Iron in ordinary water Method
(1)Halffill a test tube with water and add two or three clean nails. (2)Leave the tube for one week. Result
The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water. Conclusion
Iron rusts in ordinary water.,短文A
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。不同的金属有不同的用途，例如，钢被用在汽车上，铁被用在电器上。使用金属时，了解金属和不同的物质如何发生反应很重要，如水和氧气。(不同的)金属与这些物质的反应程度可以按顺序排列起来。这里有一个表格，反应强烈的金属在上面，反应微弱的在下面。
金属 在氧气中加热 ........
与水或水蒸气的反应 ........
钾 钠 钙 燃烧形成氧化物 镁 铝 锌 铁 铜 *氧化物＝另一种物质＋氧气 短文B
一个简单的科学实验
下面是有关一个简单科学实验的描述。由此我们可以知道铁是如何与空气和水发生反应的。
目的：弄清楚(在下列情况中)铁是否会生锈：(a)在干燥的空气中；(b)在没有空气的水中(无空气的水)；(c)在普通的水中。
仪器：3个干净的铁钉；试管；试管夹；棉球；油；本生灯。 铁在干燥的空气中 方法
(1)在试管底部放几个铁钉。 (2)把棉球塞进试管。 (3)将试管放置一个星期。 结果
一周后，钉子没有生锈。 结论
铁在干燥的空气中不生锈。 铁在没有空气的水中 方法
(1)给一个试管加一半水。
(2)煮水三分钟。(这样做可确保水中没有空气。) (3)在水中放两三个干净的钉子。
(4)在水中加一些石油。这样做可防止空气进入水中。 (5)将试管放置一个星期。 结果
在装有不含空气的水的试管中钉子不生锈。
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与冷水反应 与水蒸气反应 反应慢 部分反应 部分反应 没反应 ........
结论
铁在没有空气的水中不生锈。 铁在普通的水中 方法
(1)给一个试管加一半水，并放两三个干净的钉子进去。 (2)将试管放置一个星期。 结果
钉子在装有普通水的试管中生锈了。结论
铁在普通的水中会生锈。 ........
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