一、形容词和副词的基本用法
(一)形容词在句中的作用：1.形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语
①形容词作定语时的位置问题：通常放置被修饰的名词前，但是下列情况需后置：
▲形容词短语作定语 This is a language difficult to master He is a student worth of praise. ▲表语形容词作定语 He is indeed a Lei Feng alive. ▲形容词修饰不定代词 Someone strange is asking to see you. ▲else修饰疑问代词和不定代词 No one else can answer the question. What else do you want to say?
②多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途
(熟记下列顺口溜：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠)。 It’s a _______ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.
A. charming French small B. French small charming C. small French charming D charming small French 2.形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态
①形容词(短语)置于句首常作原因状语 Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. ②形容词(短语)置于句末常作伴随状语或方式状语 He was lying in bed, dead. 3.alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语
He is a sick man或The man is ill.(对) She is an afraid girl.(错) The girl is afraid.(对) 4.two-year-old/200-metre-long/one-thousand-word等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语
Tom is a twelve-year-old boy.汤姆是个十二岁的男孩。 动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀： 后缀 -able -ible -ful -less -ed -ing -al -ive -ous -t -y -ish -ern 例词 accept—acceptable suit--suitable comfort—comfortable access—accessible horror—horrible terror--terrible forget—forgetful harm—harmful hopeless hope—hopeful peace—peaceful help--helpless excite—excited frighten--frightened excite—exciting frighten--frightening music—musical origin—original person—personal act—active effect—effective impress--impressive anxiety—anxious curiosity—curious humor--humorous confidence—confident patience--patient taste—tasty health—healthy sun--sunny fool—foolish child—childish self--selfish south—southern east--eastern (二)副词在句中的作用 1.副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子
Obviously you are wrong.很显然，你错了。 注意：某些副词也可以作定语、表语或宾语补足语 On our way home, we saw a traffic accident. I saw you out with Mr. White yesterday morning. 2.enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置
When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people. 3.几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间 We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. 二、形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
形容词、副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，其构成形式参看五三形容词副词专题。 (一)原级比较
1.as＋形容词/副词原级＋as像……一样 I study as hard as my sister, but she is more clever than me.
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2.as＋adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as像……一样的……
Henry is as good a worker as Tom(is).=Henry is a worker as good as Tom (is). 3.as much＋a/an＋名词＋as和……一样是……
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 4.not as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as...不如……那样…… This building looks not as/so high as that one. 注意：上述结构还可以形成含有特殊意义的短语：as much as +不可数名词(或表示重量、距离、温度等
复数名词)：多达；as many as +可数名词：多达；as early as：早在；as far as：远到，就……而知(论)；may (might, could)as well：不妨、不如；as … as can be：到了最……的程度，极其；as … as one can：尽其所能；as … as possible：尽可能。
(二)比较级
1.两者比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构 This picture is more beautiful than that one.这幅画比那幅画更美。 注意：▲比较对象的一致性
The weather in China is different from . A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America ▲比较对象的排他性：要避免将主语包含在比较对象中
(错)China is larger than any country in Asia.(对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia. ▲比较对象的隐蔽性：有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象
If there were no examinations, we should have _______ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time I don’t think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen ____.A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 2.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构 This room is less beautiful than that one. 3.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量加深时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet等修饰； He works even harder than before. 4.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the +比较级(主语+谓语)，the +比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)； The harder he works, the happier he feels.
5.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+ and+比较级”的结构；
The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 6.比较级表达最高级含义
①“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的含义
Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before。 This could give her no greater pleasure ②比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋anyone else 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 7.倍数表达法
①A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ②A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ③A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
④the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B ⑤A is＋倍数＋(as…as)+what引导的名词性从句. (三)最高级
1.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the +形容词最高级或(the)+副词最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. Of all the boys he came(the)earliest 2.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like 等词语所修饰 Guangzhou is the third largest city in China.
3.表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也没有比较级。
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语法填空
1.Don’t panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and ( calmly) .
2. Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _______ (soft). 3. Just be ___________ (patience).
4. Although parents should take ________ (well) care of their young children, they don’t ________(necessary) do anything for them. 5.Once you have confidence, you can make as many friends as (possibly) .
6. --- Are you satisfied with the result of the exam? --- Not at all. I can’t have a ________ (bad) one. 7. --- Lily did succeed at last! --- Yeah, indeed, but she was ___________ (luck) than successful, I think. 8. That would be a very _____ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like this. 9. Mary felt __________ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
10. The teachers are very enthusiastic and __________ (friend) and the classrooms are ________ (amaze). 11. An orange is a little (big) than apple, but much (small) than a watermelon. 12. The Changjiang River is the (long) river in China. 13. Sue is a little (beautiful) than her sister. 14. Her mother is getting (fat) and (fat).
15. I think it’s too expensive. I’d like a (cheap) one. 16. This book is not as (interesting) as that one.
17. The (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you! 18. I cannot control my body well. My legs become (pain).
19. There were many people waiting , and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint). 20. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean ) than ever. 21.His farm was abandoned . (Lucky), he had a cow which produced milk every day.
22. As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls
needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
23. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow)
during cool nights, thus warming the house.
24. The girl used to be shy, but is (gradual) getting active in group work .
25.It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
26. They gave money to the old people’s home either (personal) or through their companies. 27. Little Tom sat (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him. 28. It was one of the (excite) experience I had ever had.
29. (Fortune), he missed the last train and had to stayed in a hotel.
30. My parents were (terrible) worried about my safety when I got lost in the park. 31. The lion pounced on the goat and the goat fell one the ground, (die).
32. We tried our best to climb the mountain but then I found that one of my children was (miss). 33. Because a language is (constant) changing, a word can mean a totally different thing .
1--5 calm softly patient good necessarily possible 6--10 worse luckier reasonable pleased friendly amazing 11--15 bigger smaller longest more beautiful fatter fatter cheaper 16--20 interesting harder painful disappointed cleaner 21--25 Luckily natural
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slowly gradually considerate 26--30 personally amazed exciting Unfortunately terribly 31--33 dead missing constantly
单句改错
（1） After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.
（2） Charles said， “As soon as I see a real tall building， I want to climb it” （3） Last Sunday， police cars hurried to the taller building in New York.
（4） As a result， people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. （5） Therefore， there are still some countries where people have shorter lives.
（6） People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred
years ago.
（7） In some places you may borrow many books as you want.
（8） I told Mother， Father， Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. （9） I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. （10） I‘m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together ..m （11） First， let me tell you something more about myself.
（12） I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time， but now I am interesting in football. （13） Also， the sport teaches us the important of obedience. （14） Unfortunate， there are too many people in my family.
（15） I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. （16） After learning the basics of the subject， nothing else seemed very practically to me. （17） Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. m （18） What things are in other homes， I wonder.
（19） For instance， one night he played strong and loudly music till four o‘clock in the morning. （20） But he is difference now.
（21） The time passed quickly. Evening came down. （22） …although radios can be very noise.
（23） …all planned and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they don‘t real need. （24） Nowadays millions of people of all ages take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. （25） But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldn‘t play basketball once more. （26） I would describe myself as shy and quietly. （27） Finding information on the Net is easily. （28） Yes， a concert can be very excited.
1--5 frightened really tallest 去more short 6--10 as 加as what 去much wonderful 11-15 去more interested importance Unfortunately how 16--20 practical 去often How
loud different 21-25 去down noisy really interesting any 26--28 quiet Easy exciting
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