被动语态与中考

被动语态与中考

作者：李俊森

来源：《初中生世界(初二年级)》2007年第06期

英语中的句子有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。

试比较：The students clean the classroom every day.学生们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天打扫。

被动语态的谓语动词为“be+动词过去分词”，不同的时态通过be动词的形式变化表示，其变化如下表（以play为例）： 考点：

（1）被动语态表示“被、由”用介词by，但注意：be covered with 被……覆盖; be filled with 装满…… ; be known to 为……所知道

These mountains are covered with snow all the year round.那些山上终年积雪。

The children’s stockings are filled with presents on Christmas Eve.圣诞前夜孩子们的长统袜里装满了礼物。

The Great Wall is known to the people all over the world.长城为全世界的人所知道。 （2）在被动语态中，帮助构成及物动词短语的介词或副词不能少

The old are taken good care of in our country.在我们国家老人得到很好的照料。

(3)不及物动词没有被动语态，有些表示状态的及物动词不用被动语态，常见的有cost(花费),fit(适合)，have（占有），hold(容纳)，last(持续)，own(拥有)，belong to(属于)。 We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。 Taiwan island belongs to China.台湾属于中国。

(4)make, see, hear在被动结构中，其后的补足语要加上to.

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The boss made the workers work twelve hours every day.老板让工人们每天工作12个小时。 The workers were made to work twelve hours every day.工人们每天被迫工作12个小时。

It is said that Lily has gone to Hong Kong. Lily is said to have gone to Hong Kong. 据说莉莉到香港去了。

(6)要求跟双宾语的动词在被动语态中，主语可以是谓语动词的间接宾语（指人），也可以是直接宾语（指物），但如是物则要求在间接宾语前加介词to/for。如： We have been given much help.

Much help has been given to us.我们已被给予很多帮助。 (7)用主动语态表示被动含义：

①感官动词feel/taste/look/smell/sound/等用作连系动词; This material feels very soft.这个材料感觉柔软。

②lock/open/read/sell/wash/write等表示事物的性质、材料的质地时; The door of my bedroom locks easily.我卧室的门容易锁上。 This pen doesn’t write well.这支钢笔不好写。 ③need, be worth, deserve 等后用v-ing表示被动; This book is worth reading.这本书值得读。

This pair of trousers needs repairing.这条裤子需要补。 ④动词不定式主动表示被动。

There are twenty more trees to plant.还有20棵树要栽。 This question is hard to answer.这个问题难回答。

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中考真题演练：

1.It is said that potato chips _____ by mistake about a hundred years ago. (2006北京)

A.inventB.inventedC.are inventedD.were invented

2.—Do you know who designed the CD-ROM Around the World in Eight Hours? —Yes. It _____ by Nancy Jackson. （2006 南京） A.has designedB.designedC.was designedD.designs

3.Teenagers should _____ to choose their own clothes.（2006 吉林） A.allowB.to allowC.be allowedD.allowed

4.The window _____ ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now. (2006 陕西)

A.can be cleanedB.is cleaned C.was cleaned D.will be cleaned

5.—What’s wrong with you, Sandy? You look so worried.（2006 长沙） —My pet cat _____ by a car this afternoon. And it is in hospital now. A. is hitB. was hitC. hit

6.The village is building a school. I hope it _____ before August this year. （2006 江西）

A.finishesB. will finishC. is finishedD.will be finished

7.—Look. What a nice garden！—Yes. It _____ every day！ （2006 兰州） A.has been cleaned B.is cleaned C.is being cleanedD.was cleaned 8.The 2008 Olympics will _____ in Beijing.（2006 宁夏）

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A.holdB.heldC.be heldD.being held

9.Children _____ to keep away from the medicine for their safety. （2006 广东肇庆） A.are toldB.tellC.are telling

10.—What a clean classroom！ —It _____ every day！（2006 福建宁德） A.is sweepingB.has sweptC.is sweptD.was swept Keys: 1～5：DCCCB6～10：DBCAC