Unit One Changes in the Way We Live
Text A
Content Questions ( P10 )
Write and live on a farm.
Because they grow nearly all of their fruits and vegetables. They have enough eggs, honey and wood. They are very close to nature and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Besides, they can go skiing and skating in winter.
No. Sometimes the good life can get pretty tough.
They were buried under five feet of snow from December through March.
When the first spring came, it brought two floods. The second flood refers to the good harvest in the growing season.
He decided to quit his job and start to freelance.
He has to crawl into black bear dens for “Sports Illustrated”, hitch up dogsled racing teams for “Smithsonian” magazine, check out the Lake Champlain “monster” for “Science Digest”, and canoe through the Boundary Waters Wilderness area of Minnesota for “Destinations”.
As for insurance, they have only bought a poor man’s major-medical policy and the policy on their two cars.
They cut back their expenses without appreciably lowering their standard of living. For example, they patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive places in the city. They still attend the opera and ballet but only a few times a year. They eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and see fewer movies.
A tolerance for solitude and lots of energy.
They will leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what they have been able to accomplish.
They chose to live in the country because they want to improve the quality of their lives. Yes, they have finally realized their dreams.
Text Organization ( P11 )
Part One (paragraphs 1—3) The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one.
Part Two (paragraphs 4—7 ) Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard.
Part Three (paragraphs 8—11) After quitting his job, the writer’s income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by.
Part Four (paragraphs 12—15 ) A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country.
Happy Moments and Events
1) growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables
2) canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc.
3) keeping warm inside the house in winter
4) writing freelance articles
5) earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life
Hardships
1) working hard both in winter and in summer
2) harsh environment and weather condition
3) anxious moments after the writer quit his job
4) cutting back on daily expenses
5) solitude
Vocabulary
1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. ( P15 )
1) on balance 2) resist 3) haul 4) wicked
5) illustrated 6) budget 7) lowering 8) boundary
9) involved 10)economic 11) blasting 12) just about
2. Now use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and complete the sentence with it. ( P16 )
1) cut back / down 2）pick up
3）get by 4) get through
5）face up to 6）turn in
7）making up for 8）think up
3. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. （P17 ）
1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy.
2) often generate misleading thoughts.
3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work.
4) be suspected of doing everything for money.
5) before he gets through life.
4. Complete the sentences, using the words or phrases in brackets ( P17 )
1. their indoor a profit to invest in
2. device the improvement on a global scale
3. stacked temptation never dined out
Confusable Use ( P18 )
house
home
home family
household
doubt
suspected
doubted
suspected
suspect
Word Formation ( P19 )
1) rise 2) final 5) hows and whys
6) upped 7) yellowed search
Cloze
1. Text-related ( P20 )
1) gets by
3) regular 8) bottled 2) temptation 4) cash 9) lower 10) 3) get through
4) improvement 5) aside from 6) suspect
7) supplement 8) profit 9) stacking
2. Theme-related ( P21 )
1) replaced 2) consider 3) quit
4) world 5) tough 6) fuels
7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance
10) ideal
Translation
1. Translate the sentences into English ( P21 )
1) We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor.
2) My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over responsibility for my upbringing at that point.
3) the toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children.
4) Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of new and opinion.
5) When it comes to this magazine, it is a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.
2. Translate the passage into English ( P21 )
A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.
But, to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed.
Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.
Text B
1. Choose the best answer for each of the following. ( P27 )
1—6. a c d b a c
Translate into Chinese the underlined sentences in the essay ( P28 )
什么？ 你说那听起来不像你府上的生活？其实，不仅仅是你一个人这么想。事实上，大多数人可能都跟你一样这么想的。
例如，《交给比弗吧》一剧中妈妈带着珍珠项链，穿着高跟鞋做家务。爸爸整个周末都穿着西装，系着领带。
要是电视网或有线电视没有中意的节目，录像制品商店可以提供好莱坞制作的品质迥异的节目：新近发行的电影、动画片、“成人”电影、体育锻炼节目、旅游、体育及入门指南录像带。
如今，妈妈在看她的有线电视销售服务节目的时候，爸爸可能想租一部动作片。而在姐姐想看《辛普森一家》时，弟弟妹妹却在玩《让我们炸毁土星》的电子游戏。
Match the definitions in Column B with the words and phrases in Column A. ( P28 )
1) g 2) f 3) e 4) d
5) b 6) h 7) a 8) c
Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. ( P29 )
1) roast 2) cable 3) at one time
4) get along 5) missed out on 6) commute
7) taken over 8) make sense 9) go with
10) dizzy 11) gasped 12) networks
Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes
TEXT A
TEXT ORGANIZATION
1.
Part One Paras 1-5 It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America.
Part Two Paras 6-23 By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Un-derground Railroad to freedom.
2.
Story 1 (Paras 6-10): After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other
slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.
Story 2 (Paras 11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk to himself.
Story 3 (Paras 16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his desti-nation and became free at last.
VOCABULARY
I.
1.
1) decades 2) historic
3) imposed 4) religious
5) slender 6) web
7) bade 8) site
9) on the side 10) authorized
11) terminal 12) make the best of
2.
1) went through 2) stood up for
3) laid down 4) take on
5) let (us) down 6) draw on
7) fall into 8) pass for
3.
1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.
2) Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein , staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.
3) There’s not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drug.
4) A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.
5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many
ethical and social problems in the long run.
4.
1). As for, do not compel, capture of , have forged
2) At huge risk, the mission, shelter
3) who abolished, In the eyes of, racial
II. Words with Multiple Meaning
I’ll tell you in a minute how I have attained the genuine sense of belonging in America, but first let me hear about your French trip.
Most McDonald’s look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.
Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.
This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble: it’s always breaking down.
In your resume you’ve mentioned everything but one vital point.
Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.
I am sorry, but I think you shouldn’t have lingered on over coffee and missed the last bus.
The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.
III. USAGE
1. lonely 3. weekly, monthly 5. cowardly 7. lively COMPREHENSIVE EXERCISES
I. CLOZE
1.
1) forged 3) compelled 2. friendly
4. lovely
6. kindly/ saintly
8. motherly
2) stand up
4) convictions
5) mission 6) abolish
7) intent on 8) risk
9) In the eyes of 10) threats
2.
1) assistance 2) involved
3) estimated 4) coincidence
5) emerged 6) referred
7) numerous 8) stationed
9) concern 10) capture
II. TRANSLATION
Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.
Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.
According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.
Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.
Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.
2.
Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.
TEXT B
COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. b c d b b a
TRANSLATION
这一和平的不服从行为在蒙哥马利引发了抗议， 最终使少数民族权利在法律上发生了变化，开创了美国民权运动的新时代。
后来她解释说，这儿似乎是她结束受人摆布，弄清如果有的话她究竟有何人权的地方。
但是，蒙哥马利的黑人团体认为应该团结在她周围组织抗议活动，她是适合担此重任的公民，因为她是该市最优秀的公民之一。
他说：“只有极少人能说自己的行动和行为改变了国家的面貌。 罗莎帕克斯就是那些人中的一个。”
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. d e f b g a h c
2.
1) trial 2) activist
3) equality 4) arrested
5) transportation 6) representatives
7) legal 8) boycotts
9) fame 10) representation
11) ushered in 12) lain in honor / in state
Book 3 Unit 3 Security
Text A
Content Questions
No.
No.
It has been replaced by an era when people employ various secuirty devices at home.
Small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.
The insurance company tries to impress the public that it will ensure your safety by paying for your losses.
An atmosphere of fear and distrust.
Because they feel threatened and want to keep outsides away.
No. They are by now the most sophisticated of security sites.
It is a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay.
To tell whether their friend or client is telling lies.
All is done in the name of “security”. But according to the author, America, with all this “security”, is perhaps the most insecure nation in the history of civilization.
We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.
Text Organization
1.
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-3
In America, the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close.
Part Two
Paras 4-15
A new atmosphere of fear and distrust has crept into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security de vices, in varied forms, are put to use.
Part Three
Paras 16-19
By locking our fears out, we become prisoners of our own making.
2.
1) Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas.
2) Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.
3) Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.
4) Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes.
5) Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies.
6) Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.
7) Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether the caller is telling lies or not.
Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.
Language Sense Enhancement
I. 1) electronic 2) hooked up to
3) suburban 4) built in
5) uncommon 6) announcing
7) survaillance 8) symbol
9) featured 10) attached to
Language Focus
Vocabulary
1.
I. 1. 1) threathens
3) civilize
5) wandered
7) without so much as
9) hook up to
11) chart
2. 1) narrowed down
3) cut off
5) wear (the other) down
7) put up
2) by a small margin
4) closed up
6) paste
8) sideways
10) universal
12) Bathed in
2) looked back on
4) fit into
6) lies in
8) stand for
3. 1) A certain gene which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by
researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.
2) A wardrobe with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their
small bedroom look larger.
3) The NBC show's opening shots feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986—killing all seven crew.
4) When the teacher threatened to keep the pupils in after school they were quieted at once.
5) Energy difficulties are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.
4. 1) Jacob looked back on his summer holidays spent on the Big Island of Hawaii with its
beautiful landscape and tranquil atmosphere as a rare escape from the madness of urban life.
2) Learning in the information era is really convenient and efficient. With your computer hooked up to the internet, you can easily obtain the electronic resources relevant to your research.
3) Detectives, who believe more than one person is behind the constant attacks in the suburb, are using a sophisticated computer system to analyze specific behavior and situations. However, they are also aware that they shouldn’t rely too
much on computer because it may make errors at times..
II. Collocation
1. away 2. inside/in
3. forward/through 4. back
5. off 6. home
7. back, down 8. in, out
III. Usage
Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.
Most men do not look unattractive in them.
Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.
This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.
His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1.
1. Statistics 2. rural
3. era 5. on the latch 7. barriers 9. reflection 2.
1. tougher 3. shift 5. cautious 7. thieves 9. chances 4. stood for
6. vulnerable
8. electronic
10.civilized
2. liable
4. electric
6. sophisticated
8. break
10. signs
II. Translation
1.
1). The Internet is changing the way people live, no matter whether they are in urban or rural areas.
2). Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.
3). With regard to our term papers, the professor asked us to analyze the chart of unemployment first, and then provide critical reflections on the nation’s economic development.
4). It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.
5). Looking back on my twenty years’ teaching in high school, I attributed my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.
2.
It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make
sure/assure yourself that you don’t leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophiticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.
Chinese Translations of Texts A&B
第三单元
安全问题
课文A
许多年前，在美国，家家户户白天黑夜不锁门是司空见惯的。在本文中，格林叹惜人们不再相互信任，不得不凭借精密的安全设备来保护自己和财产。
锁之国
鲍勃·格林
小时候在家里，我们的前门总是夜不落锁。我不知道这是当地的一种说法还是大家都这么说的；“不落锁”的意思是掩上门，但不锁住。我们谁都不带钥匙；晚上最后一个回家的人把门关上，这就行了。
那样的日子已经一去不复返了。在乡下，在城里，·门不再关着不锁上，哪怕是傍晚一段时间也不例外。
在许多方面，郊区和农村甚至比巡查严密的城市街道更易受到攻击。统计显示，那些据称是安宁的地区的犯罪率上升得比城镇更为显著。不管怎么说，前门虚掩不落锁的时代是一去不复返了。
取而代之的是防盗锁、防护链、电子报警系统，以及连接警署或私人保安公司的报警装置。郊区的许多人家在露台上安装了玻璃滑门，内侧有装得很讲究的钢条，这样就没人能把门撬开。
在最温馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上贴着小小的告示，称本宅由某家安全保卫机构或某个保安公司负责监管。
锁成了美国的新的象征。的确如此，一家大保险公司最近的一则公益广告没有用图表表明我们所处的危险有多大，而是用了一幅童车的图片，车身上悬着如今随处可见的挂锁。
广告指出，没错，确是保险公司理赔失窃物品，但谁来赔偿互不信任、担心害怕这种新氛围对我们的生活方式所造成的影响呢?谁来对美国从自由之国到锁之国这一蜕变作出精神赔偿呢?
因为那就是现状。我们已经变得如此习惯于保护自己不受美国生活新氛围的影响，如此习惯于设置障碍，以致无暇考虑这一切意味着什么。
出于某种原因，当我们觉得防范周密时才安心；我们没有想到问问自己：为什么会出现这种情况?为什么非得把自己与邻居和同住一城的居民隔绝开来，这一切究竟是从什么时候开始主宰我们生活的?
这一切确实主宰了我们的生活。如果你在一家大中型公司上班，你上下班很可能不好随意进出。你可能随身带着某种出入卡，电子的或别的什么的，因为这卡能让你进出工作场所。也许前台的保安认识你这张脸，平日一挥手让你进去，但事实明摆着，你所任职的公司深感面临威胁，因此要借助这些“钥匙”不让外人靠近。
这种现象并非向来有之。即使在十年前，大多数私营公司仍采取自由出入的做法。那时管理人员根本没想到过恰当的手段是不信任他人。
且看各地机场。过去家长常常带孩子去登机口看飞机起飞降落。这种事再也没有了。机场不再是一个有趣的学习场所；它们成了拥有最精密的安全检查系统的场所。
凭借着电子透视装置，我们似乎终于想出妙计让恐怖分子无法近身，无论是真的恐怖分子还是凭空臆想的。能解决这一问题真是如释重负，于是我们就不去多想这种状况对我们的生活质量意味着什么。如今我们走过这些电子搜查器时已经看都不看一眼了；这些装置，还有它们所代表的一切已经获胜。
我们的居住区处在强光源的照射之下；我们连哪怕像阴影这样小小的享受也不想给自己。
越来越多的商人正购置连接在电话机上、能剖析来电者声音的新机器。据说那种机器能让商人知道他的朋友或客户是否在撒谎，其出错概率很小。
所有这一切都是以“安全”的名义实施的：我们是这么跟自己说的。我们害怕，于是我们设法把害怕锁在外面，我们认定，那就是安全的意义。
其实不然；我们虽然有了这一切安全措施，但我们或许是人类文明史上最不安全的国民。还有什么更好的字眼能用来描述我们被迫选择的生活方式呢?还有什么更为可悲地表明我们在这个令人困惑的新时代所感受到的惶恐之情呢?
我们不信任何人。郊区的家庭主妇在家庭旅行用车钥匙链上挂着防强暴口哨，我们在自我防卫方面变得如此聪明，最终全都聪明反被聪明误。我们或许是把邪恶锁在了门外；但在这么做的同时我们把自己锁在里边了。
那也许是我们将来回顾这一时代时记得最牢的精神遗产：在对付我们中间无形的恐惧之时，我们成了自己的囚徒。在我们这个问题重重的时代，所有的人都是囚徒。
第三单元
安全问题
课文B
在美国，许多人拥有手枪。有人为了自卫买枪．，如盖尔·巴卡尔特。另外一些人则拒绝这么做，比如她的许多朋友，因为他们认为，枪支引发的问题比解决的更多。以前盖尔与她的朋友们持有相同的观点，但后来她改变了看法。读一读她所要说的，并判定她的选择是否明智。
我为什么买枪
盖尔·巴卡尔特
我在曼哈顿一个相当不错的社区长大。我的中上层阶级的社会背景从来与枪支无涉。我的父母要是觉得有威胁存在，他们就在门上再加把锁。
读高中时，我用一件开司米羊毛衫跟人换了个黑色的臂章。我参加人权游行，逃避民防演习，抗议越南战争。做个妙龄十八的少女，当名反战分子，真是轻松愉快。那时我还没有一个11岁的孩子要抚养。
(1)时至今日，我成了一个典型的被枪支制造商看中并视为其潜在买主的那位女人——成了成千上万个采取这种行动的人中一员。
一个万圣节的晚上，在我婚后移居的凤凰城，我开始怀疑自己的和平主义信条。一辆车与我的车差点迎头相撞时，我几乎都到家了。我以纽约城出租车司机的敏捷快速摇下车窗，高声咒骂那个开车的。他当即掉转车头，几乎撞上我的车后保险杠。这时，他和两个同伴从车窗伸出头来，嚷嚷着要强奸我，砍我，杀了我。
我开进了车道才想起丈夫不在家。这下我进退两难。那辆车尾随着跟了进来。我把车开到后门廊停下，冲进厨房，我家的那两条狗站在那儿等我。那三条汉子从汽车里一拥而出，进了院子。
我的心怦怦直跳。我抓起杰克和斯露西的颈圈，一条是200磅重的爱尔兰狼狗，另一条是它的伙伴，140磅重的北极犬。随后我一脚踢开后门——我吓坏了，变得暴躁好斗——我真的问那三个混蛋有没有种继续走过来。有狗相助，局势变得对我有利了，那三条汉子奔回可保安全的汽车里，嚷嚷着说明天来崩了我。总算幸运，他们没再露面。
几年后，我离了婚，带着3岁的儿子乔丹前往洛杉矶(那两条狗也死了)。几个星期后我
送他去幼儿园，老师发现我是个单身母亲，马上提醒我，我刚搬入的居住区里有个强奸犯。
我给警察局打了个电话，他们证实了这一情况。那个强奸犯没有什么特别的作案规律。有时他在受害者家里等候，有时他趁人入睡时潜入。当时正是夏天，可夜间我还是谨慎地锁住窗户，然后躺在床上，吓得浑身是汗。谢天谢地，那个强奸犯被逮住了，可那是在他又强暴了两名女子之后。
不久，报纸上又报道起一个丧心病狂的恐怖人物的事来。此人名叫理查德·巴米里，人称“入室杀手”，被抓获前，一连几个月残害、杀死他人。(2)据称他的犯罪行为非常残忍，他加害于人的欲望非常强烈，这使我开始对自己在任何情况下不杀人的信念产生了怀疑。取人性命的念头令我憎恨，但想及成为他人受害者就更可怕了。我开始问自己，你怎么跟一个杀人犯或强奸犯谈论和平主义呢?
最后，我决定要自我防卫，哪怕这意味着杀死他人。(3)我意识到，自己曾经积极提倡的一厢情愿的和平主义会加害自身，更糟的是，会危害我的儿子。于是我极不情愿地认定：为了我们的生存，我必须确保又一个最佳选择方案。我的选择是：依靠警察，或拥有一支枪。
我给不久前认识的一个人打电话，我记得他有好几支枪。他告诉我，他有一支史密斯一韦森0．38口径特种枪要出售，建议我买下，因为那支枪小巧好使，又有必要的威慑力。
我买下了枪。在同一天，我弄到了6发包着塑料头、一撞击就崩碎的特别的子弹。这些子弹不是打靶练习用的，是防身用的。
花了大约50美元，我还买了个金属安全盒。如果知道正确的暗码，它的按钮式锁一碰就开，大概比伸手去床头柜抽屉取它只慢一两秒钟。我知道儿子乔丹拿不到它，但我拿得到。
我把枪拿回家，乔丹兴奋得不得了。他不停地拿起来看，我紧张地瞧着。但我相信，知识仍是我们最有力的防范手段。由于我主张对孩子进行性知识教育、艾滋病知识教育以及让孩子学会开车，我不能不赞成教儿子关于枪的知识。
随后，我携枪带着儿子去射击场。我给乔丹租了一支0．22口径的手枪。(0．38口径的手枪他摆弄不了。)10分钟后他放下了枪，我不禁松了口气——他不喜欢握枪的感觉。
但他并不因此不来问我，如果我不在家时有人闯入+他能不能使用手枪。我大喝一声“不行!”，喊声响得把我们两人都吓得跳了起来。我解释说，要是真有人闯入，他人小，又灵活，完全可以跳窗逃命。
如今他对那支枪早没了兴趣。两人在我的卧室一起看电视时，我常常练习开启安全盒，乔丹替我计时。我已经快到只需要3秒钟了。我会问他，拿枪时第一件要做的事是什么，他像看傻瓜似的看着我，说：“要看看子弹是不是没上膛。不过我不会去碰它，也不会跟朋友们说的。”乔丹对枪已经厌倦了。
而我则盼着每个星期一——射击场的“女士专场”——我可以免费练习射击。我在柜台上买一盒子弹、几个靶子，戴上护眼罩和护耳罩，穿过双层门，来到射击区。
到了那儿，我把子弹装上膛，看着枪管上的瞄准器调整瞄准方向。我对着25英尺开外的真人大小的靶子的胸部连发6弹。随着一发发子弹洞穿对面画着的图像，我意识到，自己正在习惯拥有枪支，拿枪时不再害怕了。枪的重量握在手里已觉得挺舒服。我坚守坚持练习的诺言。太多的人由于不知如何使用枪而死在自己的枪下。
我花了好多年才决定买枪，又花了好几个星期才学会把子弹装上膛。枪让我恶梦不断。
一天夜晚，我梦见自己醒来，发现有人闯进屋子。我一把抓起枪，坐在床脚处等着。最后我看见他拐过墙角朝我走来。他很高大，把过道都堵住了——根本不可能击不中。我不想开枪，．但我知道生死在此一搏。(4)我手指扣住扳机，最后用力一扣，在亲手结束了侵入者生命的同时也庆幸自己没有成为牺牲品。就在我决定开枪时我醒了。
我如释重负，不由得热泪流淌，幸亏这只是个梦。
我从来没有像在买枪一事上对某种行为的后果如此反复权衡——可是，我也从来没做过后果如此严重的事。’我的大多数朋友甚至不肯跟我谈论这事。他们认为，暴力只能导致暴力。
他们或许是对的。
Unit 4 Was Einstein a Space Alien?
Text A
Content Questions （P.99）
He worked as a “Technical Expert, Third Class”. He needed the job to support his young family.
He published five of the most important papers in the history of science. This is because they proved that atoms and molecules existed, laid the foundation for quantum mechanics, describe the theory of special relativity, and advanced the famous equation: E=mc2
He developed the Theory of Universal Gravitation then.
Because his ideas were far ahead of other scientists of his time.
He meant that like other scientists Einstein was a man of his time. If he hadn’t been born, his 1905 papers would eventually have been written in some form by others.
What was remarkable about 1905 is that year a single person authored five of the most improtant papers in science. Einstein proposed in 1905 that light is particulate and for this he won the Nobel Prize in 1921.
Because if you did so you would find yourself disagreeing with phisicist James Clerk Maxwell, an Authority Figure who had proved that light was an electomagnetic wave.
He was not at all concerned about authority. He hated being told what was true.
Science was dinner-table conversation in the Einstein household when he was young. His interest in science came naturally.
He credited his discoveries to imagination and endless questioning more so that otthodox intelligence.
He struggled to produce a unified field theory, combinging gravity with other
forces of nature, but he failed.
He found Einstein’s brain looked much like any other.
Text Organization （P.100）
1. (P.100)
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras. 1-3
A young husband and father, Albert Einstein had to work hard to support his family.
Part Two
Paras. 4-12
Einstein made astonishing achievements in physics and thus revolutionized the
field.
Part Three
Paras. 13-21
Einstein’s discoveries were attributable to his imagination, questioning, disregard for authority, powers of concentration, and interest in science.
Part Four
Paras. 22-23
Einstein was not space alien.
2. (P.100)
1). He felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father.
2). Galison: If Einstein hadn’t been born, his 1905 papers would have been written in some form by others.
3). Other physicists like Max Planck, more senior and experienced than Einstein, were closing in on the answer, but he got there first.
4). Einstein himself credited his discoveries to imagination and questioning
more so than orthodox intelligence.
5). He failed in producing a unified field theory.
6). His brain looked much like any other.
Language Sense Enhancement (P.101)
I. 1) concentration 2) lie down
3) balance 4) engross himself in
5) stimulated 6) more so
7) curious 8) assessment
9) credited 10) intelligence
Language Focus (P.103)
Vocabulary
1. (P. 104)
1) accordingly 2) loose
3) concentration 4) stimulating
5) fabric 6) if anything
7) reality 8) intuition
9) trifle 10) at the turn of the century
11) mess 12) undermine
(P. 105)
1) approve of 2) slow down
3) take in 4) sucked into
5) set … apart 6) dozed off
7) call forth 8) stretch into
9) keep up with 10) believe
3. (P. 105—106)
1) The beautiful Malvern Hills have provided inspiration for many artistis and musicians over the decades.
2) Much of his success is credited to his power of imagination.
3) The industrial revolution was firmly built on the foundations of an agricultural revolution.
4) Alexander was determined not to make any complaints in the presence of the nurse.
5) September 1939 saw the outbreak of the Second World War.
4. (P. 106)
1) At school Einstein thought about questions which his teachers did not ask. They considered his constant doubting and questioning as a character flaw, so much so that they came to the conclusion that he would get nowhere in life.
2) For the third night in a row, I was awakened by the shrieking of car alarms at midnight. Without a decent night’s sleep, I dozed off while I was at work in the daytime. Consequently I made a mess of my job.
3) Economists are examing two reports capturing the bleak economic picture. One shows that the outbreak of the world financial crisis has undermined consumer confidence, which is now down in its lowest levels since 1992. The other shows that unemployment rate has risen by 10%, which has strained many families’ finances.
■
II. Collocation (P. 106-105)
With Christmas only a week away
With his physical condition improving day by day
With our GDP growing steadily
With all the shops closed
with her eyes closed
With the fog lifting during the night
■
III. Usage (P. 107-108)
1. like/as
2. as
3. like
4. like/as
5. as/ like
6. as
7. like
8. as
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze (P. 108-109)
(A)
1. caution
2.
came to the conclusion
3. never get anywhere
4.
undermining
5. not give/care a fig
6.
flaw
7. beyond any doubt
8.
foundation
9. remarkable/ impressive
10.
imagination
(B)
1. extent
2.
inventions
3. bet
4.
manages
5. vision
6.
eventually
7. achievement
8.
poverty
9. utilized
10.
Breakthrough
II. Translation (P. 109-110)
1. (P. 109)
The volunteers sent by the Red Cross disinfected , with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague
Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.
Professor Wang received / won the Presidential Award fro his excellence in stimulating students’ creative imagination.
As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn’t approve of the economic stimulus package.
Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and meet the challenge by himself.
2. (P. 110)
What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the United Nations declared it “The World Year of Physics”. It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905 Einstein
published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievement can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.
Unit 5 Giving Thanks
Text A
Content Questions
He wrote them on a ship on the way to the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific on Thanksgiving Day, 1943.
Preparing a traditional Thanksgiving dinner featuring roast turkey made the writer extremely busy.
The writer was thinking about Thanksgiving.
He decided to write letters to show gratitude to those who had helped him in his life.
He had always accepted what they had done for him, but never expressed to any of them a simple “Thank you.”
He decided to write to his father, his grandmother, and the Rev. Lonual Nelson,
his grammar school principal.
His father had impressed upon him from boyhood a love of books and reading.
He remembered that each morning Nelson would open the school with a prayer over his assembled students.
He recalled how his grandmother had taught him to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others. And he thanked her for her delicious food and for all the wonderful things she had done for him.
His reading of their letters left him not only astonished but also more humbled than before, because they all thanked him rather than saying they would forgive him for not having previously thanked them.
The writer learned that one should learn to express appreciation for others’ efforts.
The writer wished for all people the common sense to achieve world peace, and find the good and praise it.
Text Organization
1.
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras. 1-9
On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at sea, the writer came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before.
Part Two
Paras. 10-16
The writer wrote three thank-you letters to his father, the Rev. Nelson and his grandmother.
Part Three
Paras.17-23
The writer got three letters in reply.
Part Four
Paras. 24-26
The writer wishes everyone to find the good and praise it.
2-
Correspondents
Letters Sent
Letters Received
Father
Thanks him for teaching the writer from boyhood to love books and reading.
Tells the writer how he, as a teacher and a father as well, felt content with his own son.
The Rev. Nelson
Thanks him for his morning
school prayers.
i
Tells the writer about his retirement coupled with self-doubt, and the re-assurance brought to him by the writer's letter.
Grandmother
Thanks her for teaching the writer how to tell the truth, to share and to be forgiving, and for her good cooking and her sprinkling the writer's life with stardust.
Expresses her loving gratefulness to her grandson.
Language Sense Enhancement
I. 1) decades 2) undergoing
3) had done wrong 4) welcome reassurance
5) appreciated 6) brought back
7) relatives 8) accomplish
9) consume 10) representing
Language Focus
Vocabulary
1. 1) sprinkled 2) in turn
3) reversed 4) repay
5) at sea 6) traditional
7) statement 8) longed for
9) in secret 10) unloaded
11) weep 12) under way
2. 1) stretch out 2) make out
3) hope for 4) turns (it) over
5) put away 6) brings back
7) got to 8) go about
3. 1) As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar
energy.
2) We accord high priority to meeting the challenges of economic and
environmental development in the region.
3) While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.
4) Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history and culture.
5) Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.
4. 1) I'd like to express my sincere thanks to everyone who has been so considerate of my well-
being. My heart is filled with gratitude that words cannot express.
2) After everyone assembled on the playground amid the noise and excitement of the specta-tors, our coach again impressed on us the need to do our best in quest of excellence.
3) Everything I saw in my hometown was marvelous. I could hardly believe that it had undergone such swift changes through cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and the rest in the past few years.
II. Collocation
1, fond of 2. sick of
3. thoughtful of 4. confident of
5. conscious of 6. critical of
7. guilty of 8.ashamed of
■
III. Usage
To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say.
It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.
Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.
I think I'll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.
Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1) at sea 2) Turning over
3) reverse 5) repay 7) assembled 9) unloading (B)
1) Instead 3) richer 5) cherish 7) specific 9) miracles 2) possessions
4) got to
6) gratitude
8) immersed in
10) swift
4) breath
6) special
8) shining
10) gift
II. Translation
1.
1). Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.
2). I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.
3). The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China.
4). Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.
5). Peter has worked in a law firm for many years. You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.
2.
Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted.
Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying \"Gratitude is the sign of noble souls\" and tell him to accordthe greatest importance to it.
Chinese Translations of Texts A&B
第五单元
表达谢意
课文A
亚历克斯·黑利二战时在海岸警卫队服役。出海在外，时逢一个倍感孤寂的日子——感恩节——他开始认真思考这一节日的意义，对许多美国人而言，这个节日已成为大吃大喝、没完没了地看橄榄球比赛的日子。黑利决定写三封不同寻常的信，以此来纪念感恩节的真正意义。
写三封感谢信
亚历山大·黑利
那是在二战期间的1943年，我是个年轻的美国海岸警卫队队员。我们的船，美国军舰军市一号已出海多日。多数船舱装着成千上万箱罐装或风干的食品。其余的船舱装着不少五百磅重的炸弹，都小心翼翼地放在有软垫的架子上。我们的目的地是南太平洋图拉吉岛上一个规模很大的基地。
我是军市一号上的一个厨师，跟岸上的人‘样，那个感恩节的上午，我们忙着在准备一道以烤火鸡为主的传统菜肴。
当厨师的都知道，要烹制一顿大餐，摆上桌，再刷洗、收拾干净，是件辛苦的事。不过，等到太阳快下山时，我们总算全都收拾停当了。
我想先去后甲板透透气。我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。
我开始思索起感恩节这个节日来，想着清教徒前辈移民、印第安人、·野火鸡、南瓜、玉米棒等等。
可我脑子里似乎还在搜索着别的什么一某种我能够赋予这一节日以个人意义的方式。大概过了半个小时左右我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving这个词前后颠倒一下——那样广来至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。
表达谢意——就如在祈祷时感谢上帝那样，我暗想。对啊，是这样，当然是这样。
可我脑子里仍一直盘桓着这事。
过了片刻，如同晨曦初现，一个更清晰的念头终于涌现脑际——要感谢他人，那些赐我多恩惠，我根本无以回报的人们。令我深感不安的实际情形是，我向来对他们所做的一之泰然，认为是理所应当。我一次也没想过要对他们中的任何一位真心诚意地说一句简单的谢谢。
至少有七个人对我有过不同寻常、影响深远的帮助。令人万分难受的是，我意识到，他
们中有一半已经谢世了——因此他们永远也无法接受我的谢意了。我越想越感至懂愧。最后我想到了仍然健在的三位，几分钟后，我就回到了自己的舱房。
我坐在摊着信纸的桌旁，回想着他们各自为我所做的一切，试图用真挚的文字表达我对他们的由衷的感激之情：父亲西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派恩布拉大那所古老韵农业机械师范学院的教授；住在田纳西州小镇亨宁老家的外祖母辛西娅·帕尔默；以及我的初中校长，退休后住在亨宁以北6英里处的里普利的洛纽尔·纳尔逊牧师；
我的信是这样开头的广出海在外度过的这个感恩节，令我回想起您为我做了那么多事，但我却从来没有对您说过自己多么想感谢您——”我简短回忆了他们每位为我所做的具体事例。
例如，我父亲的最不同寻常之处在于，从我童年时代起，他就让我深深意识到要热爱书籍、热爱阅读。事实上，这一爱好渐渐变成一种家庭习惯，晚饭后大家围在餐桌旁互相考查近日所读的书以及新学的单词。我对书籍的热爱从未减弱，日后还引导我自己撰文著书。多少次，当我看到如今的孩子们如此沉迷于电子媒体时，我不由深感悲哀，他们很少，或者根本不了解书中所能发现的神奇世界。
我跟纳尔逊牧师提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的学生做祷告，以此开始小镇初中的一天。我告诉他，我后来所做的任何有意义的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些学校晨祷的影响。
在给外祖母的信中，我谈到了她用了种种方式教我讲真话，教我与人分享，教我宽恕、体谅他人。我感谢她多年来让我吃她烧的美味菜肴，离开她后我从来没吃过那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感谢她，因为她在我的生命中撒下美妙的遐想。
睡觉前，我这三封信都送进了船上的邮袋。我们抵达图拉吉岛后都寄了出去。
我们卸了货，又装了其它物品，随后我们按熟悉的常规，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我个人的经历渐渐淡忘。我们在海上航行时，有时会与邮船会合，邮船会带给我们家信，当然，这是我们视为最紧要的事情。
每当船上的喇叭响起广大伙听好!邮件点名!”200名左右的水手就会冲上甲板，围聚在那两个站在宝贵的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色邮袋旁的水手周围。两人轮流取出一把把信件，大声念出收信水手的名字；叫到的人一边从人群中挤出来，一边应道：“来了，来了!”
一次“邮件点名”带给了我外祖母、爸爸以及纳尔逊牧师的回信——我读了信，既震惊又深感卑微。
他们没有说他们原谅我以前不曾感谢他们，相反，他们却向我致谢，天哪；就因为我记得他们做的事，并认为他们做了不同寻常的事。
身为大学教授的爸爸向来特别留意不使用任何过于感情化的文字，因此，当他信中写道，在教了许许多多的年轻人之后，他现在认为自己最优秀的学生当中也包括自己的儿子时，我知道他是多么地感动。
纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的老派校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而告结束，他也怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，”他写道，接着又说我的信给他带来了令人振奋的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。
一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的
情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着再写下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，读着老人家的信我禁不住流泪——从前是她给我换尿布的呀!
许多年后，我从海岸警卫队退役，试着靠写作为生，我一直不曾忘记那三封“感谢”信是如何使我认识到，大凡人都暗自期望着有更多的人对自己的努力表达谢意。
现在，感恩节又将来临，我自问，对此文的读者，对我们的祖国，事实上也是对全世界，我有什么祝愿，因为，用一位善良而且又有智慧的朋友的话来说，“我们究其实都是十分相像的凡人，有着相似的需求。”当然，我首先祝愿大家记住这一简单的常识：实现世界和平，这对我们自身的存亡至关重要。
此外我还有别的祝愿——这一祝愿是如此强烈，我将这句话印在我所有的信笺底部：“发现并褒扬各种美好的事物。”
课文B
谢谢——今天你要说的最重要的这两个字，能够改变你的生活，研究也证明如此。研究表明，有感恩意识的人会因此而过上更加充实、更有活力的生活
。
感恩的力量
黛博拉·诺维尔
加州大学的心理学教授罗伯特·埃蒙斯博士，长期以来对感恩在身体健康和心理健康方面所起的作用颇感兴趣。他与迈阿密大学的心理学教授迈克尔·麦卡洛夫一道选择了三组志愿者，并且随意指定他们每周关注三件事情中的一件：麻烦事，让他们心存感激的事以及日常琐事。第一组的人把注意力集中在每一件不称心的或者令他们恼怒的事情上，比如“那个该死的家伙在高速公路上突然将车开到我前面抢道。”第二组专门关注那些提升生活质量的事，比方说“我的男友善良体贴——有他真是幸运。”第三组回忆最近的日常生活中的事，诸如“我去买鞋了。”
结果是那些注意力集中于感恩的人明显感觉更加幸福，他们以积极的态度看待生活。他们鲜有诉说头疼感冒之类的身体不适症状，积极参加健康有益的活动。比起那些关注麻烦事的人们，他们每周差不多多运动一个半小时。知晓感恩的人单纯朴素，生活质量更高。
他们身边的人也察觉到了这一点。“他们注意到这群人更加快乐、更有活力。他们看得出来那些人正变得更加乐观。”埃蒙斯说道。懂得感恩的这组人“甚至似乎看上去更加乐于助人，会独立帮助他人。”对于这一结果，埃蒙斯大为惊讶。“感恩不仅仅是像积极思维或乐观之类事使人感到快乐。感恩真的使人付诸行动，使人变得更加亲近社会，更富同情心。”这种变化在另外两组人身上却不曾显现。
埃蒙斯和麦卡洛夫对他们发表于2003年的研究成果作了进一步的探讨。他们召集一批大学生每天——而非仅仅每周——关注生活中的烦恼或幸事。从一开始埃蒙斯和他的团队就意识到定期的感恩检查功效甚大。（1）后续的研究发现，那些每天都能找到感激之事的人较少追求物质享受——他们不大会把生活的满意度与物质财富联系起来。 他们比别人更愿意放弃所拥有的财富。在他们的车的保险杠上不可能看到写着“谁拥有最多，谁就是赢家”之类的小标语。
那么，在生活中我们又该如何利用感恩这门科学呢？
（2）每天只需花几分钟工夫，感恩就是产生力量。但是它需要始终不渝、心胸开阔以及奉献精神。埃蒙斯说：“我认为感恩是一种要求极高的品质，一种苛严的品质。它是一种磨砺，一种训练。”它也许来之不易，但是可以培养。培养的方法如下：
记录你的谢意
每天花上片刻——一般最好是临睡之前——扼要记下三件当日发生的让你心存感激的事情。任何使你精神振奋的事，使你绽露笑容、心情愉悦的事，或为你的将来带来幸福感的事，都行。
对于每一件令你心怀感激的事情，写一写为什么它对你而言是件好事。也许你收到一个久未联系的老同学的电子邮件，它让你回想起你们一同度过的美好时光，让你意识到即便你不曾与他们联系，他们还惦念着你。这足以说明你是个不同寻常的人。
另外，记录下谁（如果有那么一个人的话）在你当天的回忆中是个有影响的人，以及那个人如何对你的生活产生了影响。
这一切听起来都不难，是不是？如果让你在记录谢意和做五十个仰卧起坐外加二十五个俯卧撑之间做个选择，你会更倾向于拿起一支笔，是不是？
（3）感恩日记使你以积极而又具体的方式看待生活，提醒你关注在这个快节奏的、冷漠的世界里生活的相互联系，以及他人在多大程度上提升了你的生活质量。 感恩日记促使你关注正面事物，而非不可避免的负面事物。此外，感恩日记还能增强你的自尊。
认清模式
过一段时间，你会发现在令你感激的条目列表中有着某种一致性。许多条目显示他人在你生活中所起的重要作用。其他条目突出一些有意义的经历。还有一些则涉及你所引发的事情，你能满怀豪情地指着说，“我促成了此事。”这叫做由理性支配的积极生活所带来的幸福，即来自于行动本身，而非其结果的幸福或满足。随之而来的所有其他益处——如：某人感激你，你的项目获得成功——不过是种点缀而已。
接住回飞镖
感激之情，在向别人表示之后，几乎总能辗转返回。被感激的人更加愿意为那些使他们觉得自己有价值的人作出回报。一项研究表明，服务员把账单递给顾客前，在账单上简单地写上“谢谢”两字，比起那些不写的来说，平均多得11%的小费。在账单上写上即将推出的特价餐信息的服务员同样获得较高的小费，平均高出17%到20%。（4）在人际关系显得越来越少而且有时非常紧张的当今世界，感恩之情会激起回响。
抓住时机
环顾你的四周：在你的世界里哪些事是对的？如果你有什么爱好，你就付诸行动吧；如果没有，你就找一个吧。主动接触他人，与人分享你的东西。对别人做一个小小的姿态并不使你损失什么，却能给你带来诸多好处。所有这些行动都能增加你心怀感激的机会。
北卡罗莱纳大学心理学家芭芭拉·费雷德里克森说：“感恩之心有可能使万物由其平常状态升华为一种礼物。”
Unit 6 The Human Touch
Text A
Content Questions（P.172）
They found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that they set up a joint studio.
Johnsy would be able to recover from pneumonia if she wanted to live.
She wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day.
She could see a bare yard, and an old ivy vine climbing half way up the brick wall.
Because she thought that she would die when the last leaf fell.
No. Because in the text the author mentions that Behrman was a failure in art. For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, without ever actually starting one.
He was upset that Johnsy should have such a silly idea.
Because they were afraid that Johnsy would die if the leaves on it were all gone.
She saw the last leaf on the vine.
It rekindled her will to live. And she realized that it was a sin to want to die.
He caught pneumonia because he painted the last leaf on a rainy and cold night in the yard and was wet through.
Yes, he finished his masterpiece eventually. It was his fine painting of the last leaf, the painting that saved Johnsy.
Text Organization (P.173)
1. (P.173)
1). She made up her mind to die when the last leaf fell.
2). She decided not to give up her life.
3). Behrman, a kind neighbor, who was aware of Johnsy's state of mind, risked death to paint the last leaf and save her.
4). Because it was so perfect the girls both mistook it for the real thing.
2. (P.173)
will to live returned.
Scenes
Paragraphs
Characters
Events
1
Paras 1-2
Sue, Johnsy
Sue's roommate Johnsy caught pneumonia.
2
Paras 3-8
the doctor, Sue
The doctor told Sue that Johnsy needed a strong will to live on.
3
Paras 9-17
Johnsy, Sue
Johnsy decided that she would die when the 1 last ivy leaf fell.
4
Paras 18-2.1
Behrman, Sue
Sue told Behrman about Johnsy's fancy.
5
Paras 22-33
Sue, Johnsy
As Johnsy was encouraged by the last leaf that wouldn't give in to the weather, her
6
Paras 34-37
the doctor, Sue
■
The doctor told Sue that Johnsy would re-cover, but Behrman caught pneumonia him-self and his case was hopeless.
7
Paras 38-39
Sue, Johnsy
Sue told Johnsy that Behrman had performed a kind deed without any thought of self.
Language Sense Enhancement (P.174)
I. 1) curling 2) looking the part
3) masterpiece 4) to excess
5) For the rest 6) smelling strongly of
7) fancy 8) light and fragile
9) slight hold upon the world 10) streaming
Language Focus (P.176)
Vocabulary(P.176)
1. 1) masterpieces 3) fancy 5) cling to 7) acute 9) mock 11) Sin (P.177)
1) gave in/gave up 3) sized up 2) fragile
4) nonsense
6)endure
8) whistle
10) subtracted
12) flutter/fluttering
6) wear away
2) figure out
4) wiped out 5) pulling up
7) sit up 8) hear of / about
(P. 178)
1) Illnesses usually stand out in childhood memories.
2) According to the bulletin, Albright College now offers a joint bachelor's degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University.
3) The new government is less oppressive, but violence still stalks the country.
4) There is scarcely any surface water in the desert.
5) The demand for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised to consider it.
4. (P. 178—179)
1) It was dreary lying in the tent with nothing to read, so we built a camp fire. Soon the smell
of steaks, bread and coffee mingled with that of fresh grass and earth. Other campers seemed to be doing the same. Here and there people were eating, drinking or dancing to their hearts' content, if not to excess. What a merry night!
2) Miss Florence, our music teacher, called to us to stop singing. I didn't realize why until Sally told me in a whisper: \" You are not in tune with the group!\"
3) The angry wife poured a bucket of water over her drunken husband, who was immedi-ately wet through and stumbled backward: \" You can't do without drinks? I won't hear of any excuses. You certainly don't need it to turn loose your tongue!\"
II. Words with Multiple Meanings (P. 179—180)
He went to Paris on business last month.
The train to Brussels goes at 2:25p.m.
As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go.
We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the mountains.
Let's go and have a drink in the bar.
The store is going to close up soon.
South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the quarter-finals.
When Mother came out of the house, she found her children gone.
III. Usage (P. 180)
a little white wooden house
long, curly red hair
a large old round table
a cheap Indian restaurant
a huge cool chocolate ice-cream
rapid technological advance
a handsome young Chinese American
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze (P. 181)
(A)
1. in tune
2.
Scarcely
3. in a whisper
4.
cling to
5. merry
6.
sat up
7. nonsense
8.
fancy
9. sin
10.
masterpiece
(B)
1. mission
2.
involve
3. jail
4.
not
5. collect
6.
deliver
7. beautiful
8.
vocation
9. need
10.
small
II. Translation (P. 182)
1. (P. 182)
1). The red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky.
2). The salary in/for my new job is great, but for the rest, I’m not satisfied.
3). The waters of the two streams mingle near our village.
4). We should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.
5). The curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture.
2. (P. 182)
Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be \"in tune with\" other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.
Chinese Translations of Texts A
人情味
约翰西病情严重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。医生对她不抱什：么希望。朋友们看来也爱莫能助。难道真的就无可奈何了吗？
最后一片叶子
欧·亨利
在一幢三层砖楼的顶层，苏和约翰西辟了个画室。“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。她们一位来自缅因州+一位来自加利福尼亚。两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆，发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉，以及灯笼袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了这个两入画室。
那是5月里的事。到了11月，一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的隐形客闯入了这—它冰冷的手指东碰西触。约翰西也为其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上几乎一动不动，小窗望着隔壁砖房那单调沉闷的侧墙。
一天上午，忙碌的医生扬了扬灰白的浓眉，示意苏到过道上来。
“她只有一成希望，”他说。“那还得看她自己是不是想活下去。你这位女朋友已经下决心不想好了。她有什么心事吗?”
“她——她想有一天能去画那不勒斯湾，”苏说。
“画画?——得了。她有没有别的事值得她留恋的——比如说，一个男人?”
“男人?”苏说。“难道一个男人就值得——可是，她没有啊，大夫，没有这码子事。”
“好吧，”大夫说。“我会尽一切努力，只要是科学能做到的。可是，但凡病人开始计算她出殡的行列里有几辆马车的时候，我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。”大夫走后，苏去工作室哭了一场。随后她携着画板大步走进约翰西的房间，口里吹着轻快的口哨。
约翰西躺在被子下几乎一动不动，脸朝着窗。她望着窗外，数着数——倒数着数!
“12，”她数道，过了一会儿“11”，接着数“10'’和“9”；再数“8”和“7”，几乎同时数下来。
苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢?外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子，还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙，上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎光秃秃的。
“6，”约翰西数着，声音几乎听不出来。“现在叶子掉落得快多了。三天前差不多还有100片。数得我头都疼。可现在容易了。又掉了一片。这下子只剩5片了。”
“5片什么，亲爱的?”
“叶子。常青藤上的叶子。等最后一片叶子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道会这样。大夫没跟你说吗?”
“噢，我从没听说过这种胡说八道。常青藤叶子跟你病好不好有什么关系?别这么傻。对了，大夫上午跟我说，你的病十有八九就快好了。快喝些汤，让苏迪给她生病的孩子去买些波尔图葡萄酒来。”
“你不用再去买酒了，”约翰西说道，两眼一直盯着窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝汤。这一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片叶子掉落。那时我也就跟着走了。我都等腻了。也想腻了。我只想撇开一切，飘然而去，；就像那边千片可怜的疲倦的叶子
“快睡吧，”苏说。“我得叫贝尔曼上楼来给我当老矿工模特儿。我去去就来。”
老贝尔曼是住在两人楼下底层的一个画家。他已年过六旬，银白色蜷曲的长髯披挂胸前。贝尔曼看上去挺像艺术家，但在艺术上却没有什么成就。40年来他一直想创作一幅传世之作，却始终没能动手。他给那些请不起职业模特的青年画家当模特挣点小钱。他没节制地喝酒，谈论着他那即将问世的不朽之作。要说其他方面，他是个好斗的小老头，要是谁表现出一点软弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是楼上画室里两位年轻艺术家的看护人。
苏在楼下光线暗淡的画室里找到了贝尔曼，他满身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的画架上支着一张从未落过笔的画布，在那儿搁了25年，等着一幅杰作的起笔。苏把约翰西的怪念头跟他说了，并说约翰西本身就像一片叶子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再软下去的话，真的会凋零飘落。
老贝尔曼双眼通红，显然是泪涟涟的，他大声叫嚷着说他蔑视这种傻念头。
“什么!”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有这么愚蠢的人，因为树叶从藤上掉落就要去死?我听都没听说过这等事：。你怎么让这种傻念头钻到她那个怪脑袋里?天哪!这不是一个像约翰西小姐这样的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要画一幅巨作，那时候我们就离开这里。真的。”
两人上了楼，约翰西已经睡着了。苏放下窗帘，示意贝尔曼去另一个房间。在那儿两人惶惶不安地凝视着窗外的常青藤。接着两人面面相觑，哑然无语。外面冷雨夹雪，淅淅沥沥。贝尔曼穿着破旧的蓝色衬衣，坐在充当矿石的倒置的水壶上，摆出矿工的架势。
第二天早上，只睡了一个小时的苏醒来看到约翰西睁大着无神的双眼，凝望着拉下的绿色窗帘。
“把窗帘拉起来；我要看，”她低声命令道。
苏带着疲倦，遵命拉起窗帘。
可是，瞧!经过一整夜的急风骤雨，竟然还存留一片常青藤叶，背靠砖墙，格外显目。这是常青藤上的最后一片叶子。近梗部位仍呈暗绿色，但边缘已经泛黄了，它无所畏惧地挂在离地20多英尺高的枝干上。
“这是最后一片叶子，”约翰西说。“我以为夜里它肯定会掉落的。我晚上听到大风呼啸。今天它会掉落的，叶子掉的时候，也是我死的时候。”
白天慢慢过去了，即便在暮色黄昏之中，他们仍能看到那片孤零零的常青藤叶子，背靠
砖墙，紧紧抱住梗茎。尔后，随着夜幕的降临，又是北风大作。
等天色亮起，冷酷无情的约翰西命令将窗帘拉起。
常青藤叶依然挺在。
约翰西躺在那儿，望着它许久许久。接着她大声呼唤正在煤气灶上搅拌鸡汤的苏。
“我一直像个不乖的孩子，苏迪，”约翰西说。“有一种力量让那最后一片叶子不掉落，好让我看到自己有多坏。·想死是一种罪过。你给我喝点汤吧，再来点牛奶，稍放一点波尔图葡萄酒——不，先给我拿面小镜子宋，弄几个枕头垫在我身边，我要坐起来看你做菜。
一个小时之后，·她说：
下午大夫来了，他走时苏找了个借口跟进了过道。
“现在是势均力敌，”大夫说着，握了握苏纤细颤抖的手。
“只要精心照料，你就赢了。现在我得去楼下看另外一个病人了。贝尔曼，是他的名字——记得是个什么画家。也是肺炎。他年老体弱，病来势又猛。他是没救了。不过今天他去了医院，照料得会好一点。” ．
第二天，大夫对苏说：“她脱离危险了。你赢了。注意饮食，好好照顾，就行了。”
当日下午，苏来到约翰西的床头，用一只手臂搂住她。
“我跟你说件事，小白鼠，”她说。“贝尔曼先生今天在医院里得肺炎去世了。他得病才两天。发病那天上午人家在楼下他的房间里发现他疼得厉害。他的鞋子衣服都湿透了，冰冷冰冷的。他们想不出那么糟糕的天气他夜里会去哪儿。后来他们发现了一个灯笼，还亮着，还有一个梯子被拖了出来，另外还有些散落的画笔，一个调色板，和着黄绿两种颜色，——看看窗外，宝贝儿，看看墙上那最后一片常青藤叶子。它在刮风的时候一动也不动，你没有觉得奇怪吗?啊；亲爱的，那是贝尔曼的杰作——最后一片叶子掉落的那天夜里他画上了这片叶子。”
Unit 7 Making a Living
Text A Life of a Salesman
Part II Text A
Content Questions
1． A surgeon’s scar cuts across his lower back. The fingers on his right hand are so twisted that he can’t tie his shoes. His mother’s challenges and the voices of those who believed him stupid, incapable of living independently keep him going on.
2． He is a door-to-door salesman. His weapons are: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat, hat and a briefcase.
3． He is afraid that someone will steal his briefcase. He was different in that
cerebral palsy affected his speech, hands and walk.
4． First a school for the disabled and then Lincoln High School, where he was placed in a class for slow kids.
5． She was certain that he could rise above his limitations.
6． He applied for a salesman’s job.
7． With his mother setting up a meeting with a Watkins representative, as well as by his own persistence.
8． He lacked confidence. It took him quite a while to have the courage to ring the first doorbell.
9． He keeps coming back until the customer buys. He tells himself not to worry if hid day has not turned out to be profitable.
10．Because he was laid up for five months after band surgery and couldn’t work.
11．Like a home of the past era. He leads a solitary life.
12．No, he doesn’t. Because he lives a life of dignity.
Text Organization 1.
Parts
Paragraphs
Time of the Day
Bill's Activities
1
Paras 1-7
early morning
preparation for the day's work
2
Paras 8-25
mid-morning
on his way to work
3
Paras 26-62
Last morning and afternoon
door-to-door selling
4
Paras 63-84
evening
eating a frozen dinner and doing some paper work
2.
Paragraphs
What is written about Bill's past
Paras 11-20
his disability, his schooling, and his hard struggle to make a living for himself
Para 71
his back surgery and the selling of his house
Vocabulary:
1) disabled 2) impatient 3) solitary 4) crushed
5) feel like 6) lashed 7) echoing 8) paused
9) betrayed 10) laundry 11) section 12) tilted
2.
1) cared for 2) hang on
3) was laid up with 4) are gaining on
5) kicked up 6) went off
7) drop ... off 8)straighten out
3.
1) … sometimes didn't register with her.
2) … in disorder, drawers pulled out, shoes and boots scattered.
3) … was transferred from Father's account to my account.
4) … a pledge to contribute 1000,000dollars to the Children in Needed charity campaign.
5) … the most profitable business in that province.
4. 1) gaining on; off balance; was laid up in; scar on
2) a cripple\\ crippled ; surgery , limitations, in literature.
3) commission ; on the phone ; his territory ; never registers with
II. Usage
I never did go over these books, although I probably should have.
I know this is a personal question. You don't have to answer me if you don't want to.
I think this topic should have attracted far more attention from philosophers than it has.
\"I think you're right.\" — \"I'm sure I am.\"
\"He thought that the condition was hereditary in his case.\" —\"Well, it might be.\"
\"Sugar?\" ---- \"No. Maybe next time.\"
The house is only a building. It is a place to live, nothing more.
DIANE: You didn't! Tell me you didn't! FATHER: Oh, yes. Anything for my children.
III. Word Family
1.1) bored
2) boredom
3) bored
4) boringly
5) boring
2. 1) encouraged
2) encouragingly
3) encouraging
4) encouragement
3. 1) frozen
2) freeze
3) freezing
4) freezer
5) freeze
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1. Text-related
1) off … feet 2) signature 5) laid up 6) surgery 9) applying for 10) dignity
3) commission 7) territory 4) on the phone
8) disorder
2. Theme-related
1）didn’t 2) read 3) come 4) money
5) because 6) earning 7) doing 8) own
9) obviously 10) value
II. Translation
I. I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.
2. The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12months.
3. Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder.
I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work lately, I feel like taking a vacation at the seaside.
5. Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations--- for example, you don’t have your own gardens.
6. Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living
on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.
Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sportswear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him.
Part III TextB
2. d 4. d 6. b
Comprehension Check
1. c
3. a
5. d
Translation
1. 当时我俩并未意识到这一点，但那就是我们之间开始拉开距离的日子，是开始在家庭内部重新界定劳动者的意义的日子。
2. 他没有想到的是，他的大儿子打破了蓝领规则的第一条：赚尽可能多的钱，过
尽可能好的生活。
3. 爸爸就像家人期望的那样，学了一门手艺，过上了一钟预先设计的单调生活。
4. 与此同时，他继续他的蓝领生活，一块一块地砌砖。
Language practice
1. 1) h 2) c 3) e 4)f 5) b 6) d 7) a 8) g
2. 1) institutions 2) campus 3) myth 4) advertise 5) criticized
6) took on 7) putting…through 8) settled into 9) come down to
10) lucrative 11) loaded 12) scratch
Book III Unit 8 cloning
Text A
Content questions
at his mother’s funeral, the writer swore that one day he’d do something about conditions like hers
one night,the writer went out for dreinks with another gentleman whose father
had died of ALS. They talked about their parents then and wanted to do something as a legacy for them. The stem cell research company Stemagen thus came into existence
they are concerned about the reproductive possibilities of cloning when Dolly was born
human reproductive cloning is ethically wrong because the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually abnormal,with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth,etc.
the writer shows a positive attitude towards therapeutic cloning. He holds that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of rist to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings who are undergoing some awful things.
the writer honestly thinks that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning and there is no way to stop it
because by doing so, they could make cloning very real so that people around the world know that cloning is coming along
their purpose in creating disease-specific stem cell lines is to study the causes of specific diseases,and then research a variety of treatments for these diseases. If
the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplated back into the individual, they will not be rejected by the individual.
the writer holds that in reality it is transcendent because when you look through the microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long ago, at least in part
it brought teras to his eyes because the research was done for his mother,and he realized that if she had only been able to live a few years longer, maybe they could have used this technology to help her
in the process of analysis, the embroys were destroyed by necessity. In other words, to get the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it, they had to destroy the cell\\
because the writer thinks that logically, an embryo is not life, although it is a potential life. The vast majority of embroys never become life—they just generate , don't implant and die
Language sense enhancement
1) in some ways 2)make the most of 3)individual 4)replicated 5)roadmap 6)in place 7) resulst from 8)dissuade 9)Quite honestly 10)legislate
Vocabulary
1.1) complications 2)tremendous 3)brillian 4)analysis \\
5)transplant , transplant 6)In a sense 7)consented 8)In some ways 9)eyesight
10)in reality 11)implanted 12) procedures
2. 1)focus 2)come forward 3)result from 4)go through
5)carry out 6)work on 7)feed on 8)settled over
3. 1)resulted from a childhood illness
2)was condemmed by the trade unions as endangering jobs
3)in place,even those with presistent, long-term mental illness can usually learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives
4)but apparently showed disapproval of his behaviour
5)you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer
4. 1)misconceptions, potential, make the most of ,
2)donated, cntentious issue, and opponents
3)a fraud , in some ways, condemn him
II Collocation
1)permission to adopt her
2)a willingness to restart peace talks
3）failure to find meaning in life
4)his determination to realize his ideals
5)attempt to blow up the bridge
6)an opportunity to pursue a college degree
III. Usage
1) do you consider it any good continuing your investigations?
2) It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion
3) I owe it to you that I have been able to get back to my studies
4) It is no good bothering about such a trifle
5) It wont do you any good to hide your sickness for fear of treatment
6) We all think it a pity to give up the experiment half way
Comprehensive exercises
I.Cloze
1.text-related
1) issue 2)contenious 3)clones 4)potential 5)condemn
6)misconceptions 7)opponents 8)results from 9)come forward 10)donated
2.theme-related
1) prospect 2)intention 3)despite 4)developing 5)publish
6)condemned 7)among 8)standpoint 9)standard 10)rejection
II. Translation
1.1) Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted and what its potential effects on society might be
2）eighty-five percent of the people in the local area in full-time employment ;only 3% describe themselves as unemployed
3). The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers
4). In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint
5). The global finanical crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry. In no more than six months,many factories have closed down by necessity.
2. Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997. A fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on. This contentious issue has focused on ethical and social implications of the technology:what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction,child rearing, individuality, etc.
The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases. The reason is that therapeutic
cloning does not involve any type of relief of suffering in human beings. Scientists believe that with politics and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we can all benefit from this procedure.
Text B
Comprehension check:
1. d 2, c 3,b 4, d 5, b 6, c
Translation :
1.时至今日，眼看着新一轮要求对克隆人全面禁止而非简单规范的呼声即将再起，我倒想说: “慢一点来。”
2就像禁止人工流产和婚外性行为一样，禁止克隆人肯定难以实施。
3.由于是人工生育而被认为缺乏道德，这样的苦境不是会糟糕得多吗？
4.因此，如果要禁止克隆人，其理由应比任何已经提出的更为有力才行。
Language practice
1)c 2)h 3)g 4)e 5)a 6)b 7)d 8)f
1)artificial 2)labeled 3)objections 4)appealed to
5)reinforce 6)by virtue of 7)come to terms with 8)in essence
9)prohibited 10)origin 11)debate 12)arise
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