一．同位语从句的概念。
位语从句
做同位语的句子叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。 带同位语从句的名词（抽象名词）有： news, answer, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reply, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question, truth等。
引导同位语从句的有：连词（that，whether），连接代词（who，which，what）和连接副词（when，where，why，how）等。一般情况下用that引导。 I heard the news that our team had won． 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here． 我不知道你在这里。 二．同位语从句的连接词。
1. 由连接词that和whether引导的同位语从句，that和whether只起连接作用，不在从句中做任何成分。
注意：表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether而不用if来引导同位语从句。（注：if不能引导同位语从句。 特别注意which + n）如：
2. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
例1：I have no idea ____________ he’ll agree with my idea. 我不知道他是否会同意我的观点。
例2：It remains a problem _____________ they can prevent the river from being polluted. 他们是否能够阻止这条河受到污染还是个问题。
例3：The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong. 老师没有告诉我我们是否错了。
3. 由连接代词who，which，what和连接副词where，when，why，how引导的同位语从句，此时
的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。
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l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。 I have no idea which opinion I should support.
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.
例1：The question __________ should go abroad required consideration. 例2：I have no idea ____________ one I should choose.
例3：I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.
例4：It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.
三．学习同位语从句应该注意的几点
1. 表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether不用if来引导同位语从句。
2. 同位语从句的引导词有时与它所解释说明的名词被其他成分隔开，构成分隔式同位语从句。
例1：The story spreads widely that the queen likes to be surrounded with noble-looking gentlemen. 据说女王喜欢身边有一群样子高贵的绅士。
例2：A saying goes that practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧是一句谚语。
3. 若被同位语从句说明的是：建议（advice，suggestion，proposal），要求(demand, request,
requirement)，决定（decision），命令（order），劝告（recommendation）等名词时，同位语从句的谓语常用“should + do”，should常常被省略。
例1：I made the suggestion that the meeting (should) be brought to an end. 我提议闭会。
The suggestion that the new rule ______________ (adopt) came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
The resolution that women ______________ (allow) to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we ____________ (use) the computer.老师给我们提出了一些
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如何使用电脑的建议
4. 名词doubt（怀疑）后的同位语从句用whether引导；no doubt（不怀疑）之后的同位语从句用that
引导。
例1：We have some doubt _________ they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
例2：There is no doubt __________ he will keep his promise. 他将遵守诺言，这一点是毫无疑问的。
例3:There is no doubt ___________ prices of cars will go down.
四. 如何区别定语从句和同位语从句。
1. 从语法角度看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不做任何句子成分；而引导定
语从句的that是关系代词，除了起连接作用之外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。
2. 从语意角度看，同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，两者可以转换为主表关系（在名词与that之间加
is/was）表示“……是……”；定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“……的”，起修饰作用。 例1：The news that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday isn’t true.(同位语从句) 可改为：The news is that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday. 例2：The news that you’ve heard isn’t true.(定语从句)
若改为：The news is that you’ve heard.则句意不完整。
3. 同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略，而定语从句中的关系代词that在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省
略。
判断下面句子哪个是定语从句哪个是同位语从句： The news that l have passed the exam is true. The news that he told me just now is true.
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. The idea that he gave surprises many people．
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The fact that Great Britain is made up of three parts is known to many. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical. The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
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