高一英语 M3U2 Language
In this unit, you’ll
*read an article about the history of English, a report about how Chinese characters developed, and a story about
Braille
*listen to an interview and a lecture
*talk about the way languages develop and survey your classmates *present a report on Chinese and Western body language
*write a booklet about the development of a language or some Chinese characters
文化背景阅读
Tower of Babel
The Tower of Babel, described in the Old Testament (Genesis 11: 1-9), was started by descendants of Noah on the plain of Shinar in Babylonia. The builders intended the tower to reach into heaven and make a name for them. God, however, was not pleased with the people, because they were disobeying the command given to Noah to fill the earth. The people's pride was leading them into rebellion against God, just as those people whom God had just destroyed by the Flood in Noah's time. To keep them from bringing greater punishment on them in the near future, God stopped the building by confusing the language of the people, causing them to be scattered throughout the earth. The place where people built the tower is called Babel, so the tower is referred as the Tower of Babel. Today, the word \"babel\" in English means a scene of confusion, disorder, or noise from many different voices.
William Shakespeare
Of all the famous English writers, probably the best known is William Shakespeare.
He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 on April the 23rd. His father was an important man in town so Shakespeare had a good upbringing. Shakespeare probably went to school (although no records survive to prove this) but not university. He got married when he was 18 to Anne Hathaway and the couple had 3 children.
Shakespeare wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets (a sonnet is a kind of poem). He began working in his home town of Stratford but by 1592 was writing in London. He became rich enough to buy a house in the capital and one in Stratford.
He wrote sad stories called tragedies, like Romeo and Juliet, funny stories or comedies, romantic stories and stories about historical figures such as Julius Caesar.
Shakespeare died on his birthday in 1616, almost 400 years ago. But why is his work still popular today?
His work looked at common human themes, such as betrayal, murder, lust, power, ambition and love. These themes are as much a part of human nature today as they were all those years ago and are the themes we see in modern soap operas and Hollywood films. Even though his theatre, The Globe, burned down in 1613 it was rebuilt in London in 1997 and you can still see his plays performed there today.
Shakespeare's influence on the English language can still be felt today. We talk about \"fair play\\"you can have too much of a good thing\". And it was Shakespeare who came up with the expression to disappear \"into thin air\" which we still use today when we lose something.
Shakespeare‟s work has been translated into every major language in the world. And perhaps we'll still be as fascinated by his work 400 years from now as we've been for the last 400.
Part I Welcome & Vocabulary
【使用说明】1.课前预习学案。 2. 20～30分钟学习、讨论并总结用法。 3. 5分钟巩固反馈。 4. 课文背景知识了解、讨论多种语言表达方式。 Learning aims:
1. Get to know more about different forms of languages.
2. Learn different ways in which information can be transmitted.
3. Get fully involved in the discussion and share the experiences of learning English. 4. Learn more key words and phrases in reading part. I. Vocabulary P22~P25
1. be made up of 由……组成(构成)，可与consist of 互换 The class is made up of 15 girl students and 20 boy students.
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
= The class _________ ________15 girl students and 20 boy students.
= 15 girl students and 20 boy students ________ ________ the class. (主动态) 注意两者作定语时的区别
a group made up of five doctors and 10 nurses = a group consisting of five doctors and 10 nurses 【拓展】:
be made of/be made from/be made out of 由……制成
make up 组成\\占；编造(故事、谎言)；化妆；弥补；和解 make for 走向……；有助于…… make out 理解；辨认出 make it 获得成功 make use of 利用
make a living \\ one‟s living 谋生
make a contribution \\ contributions (to) 做贡献 make a difference 产生差异，有区别 make sense 有意义，讲得通 make sense of 搞清楚，弄明白
Eleven players make up a football team. 11个队员组成了一个足球队。 Uncle Dick ________ _______ an interesting story for the children. We have to drive fast to make up the time we lost in New York.
The actors were _______ ________when we arrived. 我们到的时候，演员们正在化妆。 He and his wife usually make up their quarrel the same day. Does early rising make for good health? 早起有助于健康吗？
The talk will ______ _____ __________ ______ ________.谈话对我们没什么改变。 His explanation _______ _______ _________ _________.他的解释没有意义。 【练一练】
The ordinary girl sat silently at the corner, but when the prince came over to invite her to dance, her face immediately __________________.
A. cheered up B. lit up C. turned up D. made up 2. occupy v.
1. 占用, 占有（房屋﹑ 土地等）；（军事）占领（国家﹑ 阵地等）
The family _______ _________ the farm for many years. 这一家在农场已居住多年。 The army occupied the enemy's capital. 军队占领了敌国首都。 2. 占据, 充满（时间﹑ 空间﹑ 某人的头脑等）take up The speeches occupied three hours. 发言共占去三小时。
A bed occupied the corner of the room.. 一张床占去了房间的一角。 3. ~ oneself (in doing sth/with sth) 忙着（做某事物）
be occupied in doing sth keep oneself busy (doing sth/ with sth) She ______ __________ _______ writing a novel. 她忙于写小说。
The child ________ __________ in _________ his flute. 那孩子只顾着吹笛子。 3. consist vi. 组成，构成 (不用于进行时态，多用于主动态) 1.consist of 由…构成 =be composed of \\ be made up of The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成。
Their diet ________ __________ ______ vegetables. 他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。 a mixture ________ ____ flour and water 面粉和水的混合物。
2. consist in 在于，存在于to be based on or depend on something \\ lie in The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings. 这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
Happiness _____ _______ ____ how many possessions you own..幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。 3. consist with 与……一致，相符 Theory should consist with practice. 【练一练】
China is a country___ of 34 provinces, the strongest of which ___of most rich counties is Jiangsu. A. made up, consists B. consisting, made up C. making up, consists D. consists, is made up
4. contribution n. make a contribution \\ contributions to 1. 捐款；捐助；捐赠 donation
All _____________ will be gratefully received.我们对所有捐资表示感谢。 2. 贡献; 促成作用 [C][U][(+to/towards)]
He______ ____ positive __________to the success of the project.他对项目的成功贡献良多 3. 投稿，稿件
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
All contributions for the May issue must be received by Friday. 所有要在五月这一期刊发表的稿件必须在星期五之前寄到。 contribute v. contribute to
1.~ (sth) (to/towards sth) 捐助; 捐赠; 捐献（尤指款或物）
We ______________ $5000 _____ the earthquake fund.我们向地震基金捐赠了5000美元。 Would you like to contribute to our collection ? 你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？ 2.~ to sth to increase , improve or add to sth 增加; 增进；添加 Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways. 移民在许多方面对英国文化有所贡献。
This book _____________ ________ _______ our understanding of the subject. 此书对我们了解这门学科助益甚少。
3. ~ to sth to be one of the causes of sth. 是…的原因之一 lead to \\ result in \\cause Medical negligence was said to ______ ______________ _______ her death. 据说医护人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因之一。
4. ~ (sth) (to sth） write (articles, etc) for a publication 撰稿; 投（稿）
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. 她给这家杂志社写了一些稿件。
He __________ __________ to the magazine „New Scientist‟. 他定期给《新科学家》杂志撰稿。 contributor n. 捐助者; 投稿者; 促成物 【练一练】
The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus __________ the discovery of a vaccine (疫苗) of the disease.
A. stand for B. called for C. paid for D. contributed to 5. defeat vt. 比赛或战争中战胜对手，击败某人
The enemy ______ _______ in a decisive battle. 敌人在一场决定性的战斗中被击败。 He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地。 defeat n. 击败; 失败 suffer \\face defeat 【辨析】
win (win won won ):“赢得”win+事\\物（作“赢得”解时，宾语不能接人）
win a victory\\ a game \\ a match\\ the prize\\ the war \\ a praise \\ a gold medal
beat (beat beat beaten): 在比赛中“战胜、击败”对手， 可与defeat 互换。beat 还有“连续打击，(鸟翼) 扑
动，心跳，击鼓”等意思。beat a drum\\ sb. to death (把某人打死)
gain: 表示获得需要之物，它常跟的宾语有experience, strength, knowledge, attention等 hit (hit hit hit ): 指“打中”或“对准……来打”，着重打击对方的某一点；自然灾害袭击。
The stone ____ him ____ _____ _______.石头击中了他的头部。
strike (strike struck struck\\stricken): 侵袭；打；(钟)敲(响)；罢工；擦(火柴)；某种想法忽然想起 A hurricane struck the southeast of England.
______ while the iron is hot. 乘热打铁。 We waited for the clock to strike six.
They _______ __________ ________higher pay. 他们正为要求加薪罢工。 An idea ________ __________ me. 我突然想到了一个好主意。 6. take control of 控制，取得对……的控制 【拓展】in control (of) 控制着，处于统治地位
in\\ under the control of 被……控制着 under control （被）控制住
lose control (of) 失去对……的控制 out of control 失去控制，无法控制
It's no easy task to _____ _______ _____ a class of young children.
The city is _____ _____ _________ _____enemy forces. 该城现处于敌军的控制之下. The pilot ____ _______ ______the plane. 飞行员失去了对飞机的控制. 7. lead to (lead led led )
1. 导致；引起：result in \\ cause\\ contribute to
Heart failure ____ ____ her father's death. 心力衰竭导致她父亲的死亡。
His actions could _____ _____ him ________ his job. 他的行为会让他丢掉工作的。 2. (道路) 通向；通往： All roads lead to Rome.
3. 把…带到(或引到)：He led us to a museum..他把我们带到了一个博物馆。 8. replace vt. 替换，代替，取代 相当于take one’s place; take the place of Tourism has _________ heavy industry ___ the city‟s main source of income.
= Tourism has ______ ______ ______ ____ heavy industry as the city‟s main source of income. 旅游业已经取代重工业成为这座城市的主要收入来源。 replace A with\\by B, 用B代替A
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. replacement n. 替换（品）， 更换（物） 9. raise vt.
1. 举起；提起；提升 raise one’s hand She raised the gun and fired. 她举枪射击。
She ______ _______ _______ from her work.她停下工作，抬起头看了看。 2. 增加，提高（数量、水平等）
to raise salaries / prices / taxes 提高薪水\\价格\\税金 raise one's voice 提高嗓门
We need to _______ public ___________ of the issue. 我们需要提高公众对此事件的认识。 3. 筹募；征集；召集；组建
raise funds\\money for charity 筹集慈善基金 raise an army 招募军队 We are _______ __________ for charity.我们正在进行慈善募捐。 4. 提及；提起put forward raise a question
The book raises many important issues (for our consideration). 该书提出了许多重要问题（值得考虑）. 5. 引起, 激起（某事物）; 使（某事物）产生或出现
raise doubts\\fears\\suspicions引起人们的怀疑﹑ 恐惧﹑ 猜疑等
The plans for the new development have raised angry protests from local residents. 新的开发计划惹得当地居民愤怒抗议。
6. 养育；饲养（家畜）; 种植或生产（作物） raise cattle\\corn 养牛；种植玉米 They were both raised in the South. 他们俩都是在南方长大的。
It's difficult _____ _________ a family on a small income. 依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。 raise n. = rise
【辨析】rise, raise与arise
rise vi.（rise rose risen）使用较广，可指太阳、月亮、物价、数量、地位、河水等“升起，增长，上升”，
还可指人“起床，起立”等。
The sun ______ above the horizon. 太阳从地平线上升起。 Prices ______ __________ steadily. 物价不断上涨。
She ______ quickly from her seat.她从座位上迅速站起来。 arise vi. (arise arose arisen ) 呈现; 出现; 发生 A new difficulty _____ _________. 出现了新困难.
Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause. 【练一练】
On Monday morning, while the sun _________ in the east, we watched the national flag ______ to the top of the pole.
A. raising; raise B. rising; being raised C. rising; rise D. rising; being risen 10. distinction n.
1. ~ (between A and B ) 差别; 对比 make\\ draw a distinction区别 He drew a quite artificial distinction between men and women readers. 他把男读者和女读者硬是人为地区分开来.
We need to draw a distinction between the two events. 2. 优秀；杰出；卓越 a writer of distinction优秀的作家 with distinction以优异成绩，以杰出的表现 without distinction 无差别地，一视同仁地
II. Consolidation exercises: 根据句意和首字母填写单词： 1. We Chinese have friends t the world.
2. A large v is a must if you want to learn a language well. 3. Both English and French are o languages of Canada. 4. Overwork, little rest and poor food all c to his illness.
5. A well written article should have both a good beginning and a good e . 6. The word “not” are p differently in the UK and the USA.
7. Our school is a non-smoking one. So smoking is b in our school. 8. She smiled to me, i that she had seen me.
9. The blacks are fighting against r discrimination.
10.Taiwan is separated from m of China by Taiwan Strait.
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
Part II Reading (1) 【使用说明】1. 课前预习学案。 2. 20～25分钟完成课文阅读内容及相关练习。
3. 学习阅读技巧。 4. 阅读技巧实践。
Learning aims:
1. Get to know more about the development of the English language.
2. Get further understanding of the text and be able to retell some important elements in the
development of English.
3. Practice more skills in reading a history article.
Step1 Preview the text
1. Read “Welcome” part, look at the following pictures and talk about the various forms of language. Do you know all the languages on this card? If so, what are they? Languages What other languages do you want to learn? Why? Which language is the hardest? Why? What is an emoticon? What does this emoticon stand for? Emoticons When do people usually use this kind of language? Can you give some more examples? Sign What does this sign mean in Britain? language Do you think the same sign means the same to the people all over the world? Braille Animal language What is Braille? Who invented Braille? Have you heard about him? What did he do for blind people? Why do bees fly in circles? Do you believe animals can talk? 2. Think about the question: what are some good methods for studying English that you can share with your classmates?
Your main points: ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Step2 Understanding of the text:
1. Understanding of “Reading strategy”
Read “Reading Strategy” and understand the skills of reading a history article. Tell students that when they read a history article, they should focus on the dates and years in the article. They can make a time chart to list information such as times, places and events. Create the following table: Time Events thBefore the middle of the 5 People in Britain all spoke a language called century ____1_____ At the end of the __2_ century The Vikings began to move to Britain and brought their languages. thBy the 10 century Old English was the ____3____language of England. In 1066 The Normans defeated England and took ____4____ of the country. thBy the ___5___ half of the 14 English was used by all classes in England. century In 1399 Henry IV became king of England and used English for all official ____6______ During the Renaissance in the ______7_______ English appeared. 16th century 2. Understanding the text： 1) Scan the text and then do C1 on P24.
2) Scan the text again and answer the questions in C2.on page 24 (Write down the main points in the blanks in the book.)
3) Finish D on page 24 4) Finish E on page 25
5) Talk about the following question:
Do you think that it is possible for Chinese to become the most popular international language some day?
Why or why not?
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
Step 3 Consolidation of the learning: task-based reading English and its history Before the middle of the 5th century, the language 1.________ in Britain was Celtic. Anglo-Saxon 2.________ from the mixture of Celtic and the language Old of the three Germanic tribes. English At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings created Old English, 3._______ their languages with Anglo-Saxon. By the 10th century, Old English, 4.________ of an Anglo-Saxon base and words from the languages of Denmark and Norway, was the official language of English. In 1066, England was 5.___________ by the Normans, but French didn‟t take Middle the 6._____ of English as the first language. English By the latter half of the 14th century, English was 7.________ by all classes, and the King of England used English for all official occasions. 8.________ Vocabulary and pronunciation 9._________ great changes during the English Renaissance. There is no 10.________ that English will continue hanging in the future. Part III Reading (2)
【使用说明】1. 课前预习学案。 2. 30～35分钟学习课文部分重点短语和句型。
3. 10～15巩固检测。
Learning aims:
1. Do some revision of what have been learned in the last lesson. 2. Acquire the usage of the language items in the text. 3. Apply the language items into practical use. I. Important and difficult sentences
1. 英语是由这些人引进而带来的语法和词汇构成的。
The English language is ______ ______ ____the grammar and _____________ these people brought to Britain.
由……构成 ：be made up of= consist of 详见前 2. 那就是为何英语有这么多使人困惑的不解规则。
That is _______ English has so many difficult rules that ________ people.
1. “那就是为什么……”:That‟s why…, 引导的是表语从句，注意that不能用“the reason”来代替。 e.g. My car broke down. That’s why I was late. 我的车坏了。这就是我为什么迟到的原因。 比较：I was late. The reason is that my car broke down.
The reason for my lateness is that my car broken down. The reason why I was late is that my car broke down. 2. confuse \\ confused \\ confusing\\ confusion
His remark___________ me.他的话使我迷惑不解。 His remark was ____________.他的话令人费解。
Looking at his ____________ face, I felt annoyed.看到他迷惑不解的脸，我又好气又好笑。 The old woman looked at him _______ ____________. 老妇人用迷茫的目光打量着他。
【拓展】类似confuse之类表示心理活动的词还有excite, annoy, interest, surprise, shock, astonish, frighten, please, disappoint, terrify, embarrass, worry, puzzle, amuse, amaze, scare, inspire, encourage, satisfy bore, delight, dissatisfy, move, tire等。
3. 事实上，如果现在听到古英语，我们会听不懂。
In fact, we ______ not be able to understand if we ________ it today. 此句是一个虚拟语气句，用来表示对现在事实的假定或与现在事实相反的情况。条件从句中的谓语用过去式(be用were)，主句中的谓语用should\\would\\could\\might + 动词原形。
e.g. If there were no water, there would be no life.
If I knew his number, I would ring him now. 【回顾】 对事实的假设 与现在事实相反 与将来事实相反 条件句中的谓语动词 过去式(were) (1) 过去式(were) (2) should + 动词原形 (3) were to + 动词原形 主句中的谓语动词 should\\would\\could\\might +动词原形 should\\would\\could\\might +动词原形 should\\would\\could\\might +have done 6
与过去事实相反 had done
江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
【练一练】
1. If you __________ then, we ______ into so much trouble. A. had come; would not have got B. came; would not get
C. had come; would not get D. came; would not have got 2. Had I known her name, _______________________. A. I still invite her to lunch B. she will come here
C. she would come here D. I would have invited her to lunch 4.古英语是他们的语言混合而成的。（英语及英国人都是从盎格鲁人和撒克逊人这个词而来的； Angle这个词在古英语里拼做Engle.）
Old English _________ ______ a ____________of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people ______ _______ ________ the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) 1. 由……构成，组成 consist of 详见前
2. name after以„„命名 The city was named after the great civil war hero. 5. 除了向伦敦这样的地名外，极少数的凯尔特单词成了古英语的一部分。
＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿ place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. aside from为美国英语，apart from为英国英语。
1. except for除„之外：Nobody, aside from him, could answer this question. 除他外，没人能回答这个问题。(=but\\except)。
2. in addition to此外：Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 除了是乐趣和有益的锻炼外，游泳还是一种很有用的技能。(=besides) 6. 直到十世纪， 古英语几经是英格兰的官方语言。
______ the 10th century, Old English ______ ________ the ________ language of England. by\\by the time 引导的从句用一般过去时时，主句用过去完成时。 e.g. By the time I arrived, the meeting had already begun.
We _____ ________1500 English words by the end of last term. （学会） 【练一练】
1. ---- Did you meet Tom at the airport?
---- No, he _______ _________ by the time I _______ there. 我到之前他已经走了。 2. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasn‟t written B. doesn‟t write C. won‟t write D. hadn‟t written 7. 现在当我们讲英语时， 我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语而感到困惑。
When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases ______ __________ .
which words or phrases to use是属于‘疑问词+to do’这样一个结构。这个结构在句中通常做：主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、作同位语、作定语。
_____ ______ ________the meeting mostly depends on the weather. (什么时候举行)
She _____ _____ ______ ________ _______ _________ the old man. （不知道如何帮助） The question is ______ __ _______ _______ ________，Tom‟s or Jack‟s.（该借谁的自行车） You have a number of topics from ______ ______ _________．（改选哪个） 【练一练】
The mother didn‟t know _____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out． A．who B．when C．how D．what
8.最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人， 他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制这个国家。
The most important __________ was from the ____________, a French-speaking people who _________ English and ________ ________ _______ the country in 1066.
1. a French-speaking people是the Normans的同位语；who引导的是定语从句，修饰people。 2. contribution，defeat，take control of 用法详见前
9. 然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。
However, the Norman Conquest did not _______ English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English ___________ Celtic. 1. 句中which 引导一个非限制性定语从句， 先行词为__________。 2. affect vt.= have an effect\\influence\\impact on； influence vt. 3. lead to 详见前, to 是介词，replace 要用v-ing 形式。
10.尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语， 但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。 _______ _________ the Normans spoke French for the _______250 years they _______ England, French did not ________ English ______ the first language.
1. even though= even if , “尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句，相当于although。 2. rule相当于control \\ take control of 3. replace 详见前
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
11. 另一方面， 英语也确实借用了许多法语单词， 因此产生了更多意思相近的单词， 比如answer (来自于古英语) 和reply（来自于古法语）。
_____ _______ ________ ________, the English language ____ borrow many words from French .This ________ _____ even more words with ________meanings, such as answer（from Old English）, and reply (from Old French).
1. 一方面……，另一方面…… : on one hand, …. on the other hand, … . 2. result in 详见前
3. similar：相似的，相近的
be similar in 在…… 方面相似 be similar to 与…… 相似，相近
the similarity between A and B A与B的相似之处 similarly adv.
e.g. Gold is similar ____ colour _____ brass. 金与黄铜的颜色相似.
12.诺曼人征服英格兰之后，许多英国人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。
After the Norman Conquest, many English people ________ _____ ________ who ________ animals. 1. work as… 做…工作，从事…职业, 类似于serve as或act as. e.g. I once worked as an engineer for 5 years. 2.饲养动物: raise animals, raise用法详见前 13. 古英语也为中古英语做出了其他贡献。
Old English _____other ___________ _______ Middle English ____ _____. 14. 但是到了14世纪后半叶时，英语已经被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用。
However, by ____ ______ half of the 14th century, English had ____ _____ __________ ______ among all classes in England.
1. by\\by the time 引导的从句用一般过去时时，主句用_________时态. 2. 前者，后者：the former , the latter 【拓展】
come into use开始被使用。
come into power 当权、上台、执政 come into effect 开始生效、开始实施 come into being 形成、长生
come into existence开始存在；形成，产生 come into force生效；开始实施 come into office 就职，上任
15. 在此期间，英语发音也经历了巨大的变化。
Pronunciation also ______ ________ huge changes during this period. go through: 此处相当于experience\go\\suffer，还有如下意思： 1. 通过；穿过；透过; 2. 翻找；搜寻；查看;
3. 经历(痛苦、困难等)；遭受；忍受; 4. 用完，用尽，花完
She_____ ______ ________ a bad time recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
I always start the day by _______ ________ my mail. 我总是每天一早就仔细查阅我的邮件。 I seem to be going through a lot of money at the moment. 目前我花钱似乎很多。
16. 可以肯定的是， 这一变化过程将会继续，人们将会不断地发明新的单词和新的表达方式。
It is ________that this _______will continue, and people will keep on inventing new words and new ways of saying things.
1.it充当形式主语，指代由and连接的两个并列主语。
2.process 过程，进程；步骤，程序 in the process 在进行中 3.在“It is…that”结构中只能用certain, 不能用sure 【回顾】
be sure\\certain of sth. be sure\\certain that
sb.\\sth. is sure\\certain to do sth make sure\\certain+从句； for sure/certain
_______ _____ _________ ______ our football team would win the game. It is sure/certain to rain.
He ____ _______ _______ _______ ______ ________.（不确信什么时候开始） I‟m not _________ _______that. （确定）
______ ____________ when the train leaves.（确认一下）
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
II. Consolidation exercises: 1. Filling in the blanks
1. There are 30 persons injured in the road accident, the driver _____________ (包括). 2. We have _________________ (经历) many tests in our life.
3. The ___________ (侵略) of the Japanese enemies brought great harm to our country. 4. Chinese words are often formed by ______________ (结合) different characters. 5. Everyone thinks that it _____________ (不同于) from many Western languages. 6. It is easy for us to understand the _______________ (简化的) Chinese characters.
7. There are many other examples _______________ (反映) the development of Chinese writing. 8. This house is so old that it is impossible to find its ____________ (原来的) owner. 9. Good health _____________ (取决于) on good food and exercise. 10. The national flag should be ______________ (升起) every day. 2. Multiple choices
1、 We had to wait half an hour _______ we had already booked a table.
A. despite B. although C. until D. before 2、 Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _____ it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped. A. what B. that C. why D. which 3、 He was born in Beijing and _____ in Shanghai. A. rose B. raised C. brought D. lifted
4、 Many foreigners find the Chinese customs rather ______.
A. confuse B. to confuse C. confused D. confusing
5、 He is always working very hard. It is ___ that he will pass the college entrance examination. A. sure B. certain C. surely D. certainly 6、 In Britain today, women _______ 44% of the workforce. A. take up B. pick up C. make up D. give up
7、 Papermaking began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe. A. spread B. promised C. accessed D. developed 8、 ---Nancy is not coming tonight. ---But she________!
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 9、 She has successfully _____ a career with bringing up a family. A. joined B. connected C. managed D. combined
10、 _____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
Part IV Vocabulary for word power ~ task
【使用说明】1. 课前预习学案。 2. 30～35分钟学习重点单词和短语
3. 10～15巩固检测。
I Vocabulary P29-P37
1. concern vt.
1.涉及；影响；与…有关
Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you. 别管与自己无关的事。
The loss was a tragedy for all __________.那损失对一切有关的人来说都是极为痛心的。 be concerned with 与…有关
The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War. 2.让（某人）担忧，不安
It concerns me that you no longer seem to care.你似乎不再在乎，这令我担忧。 What __________ me is our lack of preparation for the change. concern n.
1. ~ (for\\about\\over); ~ (that...) 担心; 忧虑; 焦虑; 焦急 (worry\\ anxiety) There is ______ ________ about violence on television. (越来越多的关注) In her last days the poet expressed concern for her father.（表达关切） In the meeting, voters raised concerns about health care. （引起关注） 2.重要的事
The government's primary concern is to reduce crime.政府的头等大事是减少犯罪。 concerned adj.
1. ~ (about\\for sth\hat...) worried; troubled 担心的; 烦恼的; 忧虑的: _________ parents held a meeting. 忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会。
The president ____ __________ _________ _________ this issue. 总统对这个问题深感担忧。
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
We're all concerned for her safety. 我们都为她的安全担忧.
I'm concerned that they may have got lost. 我担心他们可能迷路了. 2.~(about\\with )感兴趣；关切；关注
They were more concerned with how the old women had dressed than in what the speaker was saying. 她们对别的妇女的衣着的打扮比对发言人的讲话更感兴趣。 as\\so far as … is concerned 就……而言
____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ________, you can forget it. （就我而言） concerning prep. 关于；有关；涉及 (about)
He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。 2. ban (ban banned banned) vt. 1. 明令禁止；取缔（forbid）
Chemical weapons are banned internationally. 国际上禁止使用化学武器。 2. ~ sb (from sth/from doing sth) 明令禁止某人（做某事） He ______ ______ _________ the meeting. 不准他出席该会议。
She ____ _______ _______ _________ for six months. 已禁止她开车, 为期六个月。 ban n. ~ (on) 禁令；禁止
There is to be ____ ______ ______ _______ ________ in the office. 办公室将彻底禁止吸烟。 3. access n.
1. ~ (to sth) 通道；通路；入径
All rooms in the dorm have Internet access.宿舍里所有房间都能上网。
The ______ _______ _______ the farmhouse is across the fields. 要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地. The police gained access through a broken window.警察从一扇破窗户里钻了进去。 2. ~ (to)（使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利
Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有好的机会使用好的资源。
You need a password to get access to the computer system.使用这个计算机系统需要口令。 (in)accessible adj.
The remote desert area is accessible only by helicopter.
These documents ____ not _____ _________ ____ the public. 公众无法轻易看到这些文件。 (in)accessibly adv. (in)accessibility n.
4. embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难，使陷入困境
The speech was deliberately designed to embarrass the prime minister.这个发言是故意为难首相。 embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的，羞涩的 ~ (about / at sth) ~ (to do sth)
He ____ _______ ____ ______ the centre of attention.他因成为众人注目的中心而感到尴尬。 embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的、难堪的、惭愧的
an embarrassing mistake / question / situation 另人难堪的错误\\问题\\处境 embarrassingly adv. The play was embarrassingly bad. embarrassment n. to one‟s embarrassment 令人难堪地 5. conclusion n. 结论，推论
come to \\ reach \\draw a conclusion 下结论，得出结论 in conclusion (finally) 最后
We can safely ______ _________ __________from our discussion.从讨论中我们可有有把握地得出一些结论。 6. custom n.
1. 风俗，习俗 ~ (of doing sth)
an old / ancient custom旧的\\古老的习俗 local custom当地风俗
It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。
2. 习惯，习性，惯常行为 ____ ______ ______ ________ _____ rise early. 早起是她的习惯。 3. 惠顾，光顾 We've lost a lot of custom since prices went up.
4. 海关 ________ 5. customer n. 顾客 a regular customer 老顾客
II Useful phrases P26-P37
1.依靠；取决于__________________________ 2.许多，大量_________________________ 3.尊敬；敬仰____________________________ 4.引起某人注意_______________________ 5.如果…将不胜感激______________________ 6.把…考虑在内______________________ 7.阻止…做某事__________________________ 8.梦想______________________________ 9.查单词________________________________ 10.浪费时间_________________________ 11.值得深思_____________________________ 12.制定标准_________________________ 13.对…表示关切_________________________ 14.曾经_____________________________ 15.因为，由于(owing to\\because of\hanks to\\on account of); 到期应做某事
_____________________________________________________________________________ 16.很容易接触的（网络）_________________ 17.由你来决定________________________
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
Part V Grammar and usage
1. 疑问词引导的名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中能担任主语，表语，宾语，同位语，介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中的句法功能，名词性从句又可以分为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。本单元主要介绍由疑问词引导的名词性从句。疑问词有两类，即疑问代词(what, whatever, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose) 和疑问副词(when, where, how, why)。疑问代词通常在从句中作主语，表语和宾语。疑问副词则通常在从句中作状语（时间状语，地点状语，方式状语或原因状语）。请看如下例句，并试着分析作引导词的疑问词在从句中所担任的成分。 What he said at the meeting confused everyone present. (作引导词的疑问代词在主语从句中作宾语)
The little boy ate whatever his mother gave him. (作引导词的疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语) Please give some suggestion which book I should choose among these. (作引导词的疑问代词在同位语从句中作定语) The problem is who/whom I should turn to for help. (作引导词的疑问代词在表语从句中作宾语)
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (作引导词的疑问代词在主语从句中作主语)
When we will go skating is up to you to make a decision. (作引导词的疑问副词在主语从句中作时间状语)
I insisted upon an answer to my question why he had done it. (作引导词的疑问副词在同位语从句中作原因状语) There is a doubt how they managed to travel to the moon. (作引导词的疑问副词在同位语从句中作方式状语)
运用名词性从句时的注意点： 1) 关于that的省略
一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况下，that一般不可省略。 ①介词后面的that不能省。
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.彼得是好学生，只是有时粗心。 ②并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句，第二个及以后的宾语从句中的that不省略。
My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. 我叔叔说他在这儿工作已二十年了，下个月即将退休。
③主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。 He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 他说，如果他安排得好的话，他会来吃晚饭的。 ④宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。
He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. 他告诉我，如果需要的话，他们就干个通宵。 2) 名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如： He asked me what was the matter with me.
We‟ve heard the news that we‟ll move into the new house. Whatever you say will interest us all. 3) whether和if的用法
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如： It all depends on whether they will come back. 一切都取决于他们是否会来。 ②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：
I didn‟t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 我不知道他是否已经到达武汉了。 ③主语从句，表语从句中只能用whether。如：
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. 会议是否会被推迟还没有被决定。
The question is whether they have so much money. 问题在于他们是否有很多钱。
④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如： We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. 我们应当认真讨论是否能做此事这个问题。
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
The question of whether they are male or female is not important. 他们是男性还是女性不重要。
I have not decided whether to go or not. 我还没有决定是否要去。 4) 疑问代词 + ever和no matter + 疑问代词的区别。
①疑问代词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的部分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (在主语从句中作主语) 任何违反规定的人必须受罚。
You can choose whatever you like in the shop. (在宾语从句中作宾语) 你可以在商店中选择你喜欢的任何东西。
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished. 无论谁违反规定，都必须受罚。 Whatever you do, you must do it well. 不管你做什么，你必须把它做好。 ③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter what you do, you must do it well. 不管你做什么，你必须把它做好。
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 无论谁违反规定，都必须受罚。
5) 名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
①宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
Hello, I didn‟t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 喂，我不知道你在伦敦。你在这里多久了？
The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed. 老师告诉我们光以非常快的速度传播。
②主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如： When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet. 会议何时开始还没有决定。
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. 他们何时出发以及去何处还没有决定。
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 会议何时何地开始还没有决定。 6)含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句 ①反意疑问句一般与主句一致。
He said they were going to help me, didn't he？ 他说过他们要帮我，不是吗？ She told you that the mat was her own work, didn't she? 她告诉过你这个垫子是她亲自做的，是吗？
②当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope 等词时，反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。这时特别要注意否定转移的问题。
I suppose you're serious, aren't you? 我想你是当真的，不是吗？(不可用don't I) I don't suppose he's serious, is he? 我想他不是当真的，是吗？ (不可用do I) 提示：
如果主语是第二、第三人称，则疑问句部分与主句一致，且不存在否定转移的问题。 You don't think we can speak English, do you? 你认为我们不会说英语，对吗？
He thinks he's got the right answer, doesn't he? 他认为自己找到了正确的答案，是吗？ 7) because, why引导的表语从句
That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。（That's because … 强调原因） That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。（That's why… 强调结果）
注意: what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，一般不宜用because。
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。 What cost him his life was that he was too careless. 使他丧命的原因是他太粗心了。
2. 形式主语it
1) 代主语从句。如：
It is possible that he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小车。
Isn‟t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他测试没有通过，难道不奇怪吗？
注意：if引导主语从句时，只能用it作形式主语，放在句首，而将if引导的主语从句放到句末。如： It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京还不敢肯定。 2) 代不定式短语作主语。如：
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
It was his duty to attend to the matter. 处理这件事是他的责任。
It is impossible to finish the work on time. 准时完成工作是不可能的。 3) 代动名词。如：
It‟s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。
It‟s no use saying anything more about it. 再说这件事没用。 It is useless crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。 4) 用作形式主语的的重要句型
① It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……
It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。
It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。 【说明】介词 of 与 for 的区别是：of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为“对……来说”
② It takes sb + 时间段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间
It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。 【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体：
It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。
③ It is up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人做某事
It‟s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。
④ it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 似乎…… It seemed as if he didn‟t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。
It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。 ⑤ If it were not for… / If it hadn‟t been for… 若不是因为…… If it were not for their help, we couldn‟t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。 ⑥ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….
该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. 据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。 It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. 大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. 据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。 ⑦ 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。
Does it matter much that they won‟t come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很重要吗？ Is it true that he will go abroad next week? 他下周出国是真的吗？
练习
一、单项选择。
1. ____ he does has nothing to do with me.
A. Whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If 2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about 3. Energy is ____makes thing work.
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
4. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. A. that ; had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave
5. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if
6. We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.
A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 7. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don‟t understand _____ he said
A. What; that; what B. What; what; what C. That; that; what D. Why; that; which 8. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 9. ____has passed the test will get a prize.
A. Whoever B. No mater who C. Whomever D. Who
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
10. Is____ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week? A that B it C his D he
11. It has not been decided ___ they will leave for New York. A. when B why C that D what
12. The reason I plan to go is___ she will be disappointed if I don‟t. A. because B. that C. thanks to D. what 13. What time do you think__?
A. will Tom come back B. Tom will come back C. is Tom coming back D. can Tom get here 14. The teacher said that light___ faster than sound.
A. Has traveled B. traveled C. had traveled D. travels
15. If you know___ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand. A. whom B. which C. who D. that
16. Thinking___ you know___ in fact you don‟t is a terrible mistake. A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what that
17.___ David says sounds right to Helen. That‟s why she has made up her mind to leave with him___ happens. A. Whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever
C. No matter what; no matter what D. Whatever; however 18. After___ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. A. which B. it C. what D. that 19. This is ____ the question lies.
A. what B. that C. where D. how 20. ____ I was there that evening.
A. It happened to B. It happened that C. That happened D. It is happened that 二、关联词填空。
1. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _____it was poorly equipped.
2. The shopkeeper did not want to sell the products for ______ he thought was not enough. 3. We really want to know _____ use can be made of this material.
4. After the discussion, there was still some doubt _______fingerprints had been left on the safe. 5. _______makes mistakes must correct them.
6. He asked us _________ we were getting along with our work. 7. This is _____you spent your summer holiday, isn‟t it?
8. Sometimes we are asked _______ we think the likely result of an action will be. 9. ______ they won the game was ______ we had expected.
10. The poor young man is ready to accept ________ help he can get. 三、句子翻译。
1. Whatever he does has nothing to do with me.
2. You don't think we can speak French, do you?
3. There is no possibility that Bob can win the first prize in the match.
4. Whether the meeting should last two days or three days doesn‟t matter.
5. Eat whichever cake you like and leave the others for whoever comes late.
6. 我只知道他住在巴黎，除此之外，我一无所知。
7. 等一早上没啥好处。
8. 他住哪里关系不大。(it作形式主语)
9. 我难过的原因是他误解我。
10. 任何已经通过这次考试的人将会得到一个奖励。
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
四、句子改错。
1. You can give this ticket to whomever wants to have it. 2. I don‟t know if to stay here or not.
3. This school is no longer that it was 30 years ago.
4. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is how I disagree. 5. The fact he is an orphan is well known．
6. What surprise me most is that she doesn‟t even know what the difference between the two lies. 7. It is happened that I was there that evening.
8. The reason why I burst into tears is because I don‟t want to part with my mother. 9. It is hard of him to work out the problem.
10. My brother says that he has lived here for twenty years and he loves this city very much.
Part VI Project
I Vocabulary
1. differ v. 相异，有区别
1. A and B ~ (from each other) (in sth) A ~s from B(in sth)
Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between the parents.在抚育儿童方面父母的观点可能迥然不同。 French ________ __________ English ____ ______ ________. 在这方面法语不同于英语。 French and English _______ ______ _______ ________. 在这方面法语和英语不同。 2. ~ (with sb) (about / on / over sth) 不同意; 持异议
I have to differ with you on that. 在这一点上我不能同意你的看法。
Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease.关于如何治疗这种疾病医学界有不同的看法。 difference n. ~ (between A and B) ~ (in sth) 差异，区别，不同之处
tell the difference between = tell A from B 区别A与B
There are no significant differences between the education systems of the two countries. I can never ______ ________ _________ __________ the twins.
make a\\no\\some, etc. difference (to / in sb/sth) 有作用，关系，影响
The rain ________ __________ __________ ___________ to the game.（没产生多大影响 ） Changing schools ______ ____ ____ _______ _____ _____ ______.（对我一生产生巨大影响） different adj. be different from
2. combine v. (使)组合，结合，联合，混合 ~ (sth) (with sth) ~ A and B (together) Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.
Hydrogen _______ ________ oxygen to form water. 氢与氧化合成水。
You should try to ____ _____ ______ ____ _____ _____.你应该把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。 combination n. 结合体， 联合体，混合体 3. distinguish vt.
1. ~ (between) A and B ~ A from B 区分；辨别；分清
At what age are children able to _________ _______ ________ ________ __________? （辨别是非） It was hard to __________ one twin _______ the other.很难分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。
Sometimes reality and fantasy _____ ______ ____ ___________.有时候现实和梦想很难区别。 2. ~ A (from B) 成为…的特征；使具有…的特色；使有别于 What was it that distinguished her from her classmates? 3. ~ yourself (as sth) 使出众；使著名；使受人亲睐 She has already distinguished herself as an athlete. distinguished adj.
1. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的 a distinguished career in medicine
2. 显得重要的；高贵的；有尊严的 I think grey hair makes you look very distinguished. 4. (in)convenient adj. (不)方便的 (in)conveniently adv. It is convenient for sb to do sth 某人方便做某事 You'll find these meals quick and convenient to prepare.
It is very convenient to pay by credit card.用信用卡付款非常方便。
____ ____ _____ ________ _____ _____ ____start work tomorrow? 你明天开始工作方便吗? (in)convenience n. (不)便利；(不)方便 1. 方便；适宜；便利
We have provided seats for the convenience of our customers. 为方便顾客我们备有座位。
For (the sake of) convenience, the two groups have been treated as one in this report.（为方便起见）
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
In this resort you can enjoy all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.（舒适与便利） 2.便利的事物（或设施）；方便的用具
It was a great convenience to have the school so near.
The house had all the ____________ _____________ that were unusual at that time.现代化设备 at sb's convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点
_____ _____ _______ ____ ____ _____ ___________ to arrange a meeting? (你方便时能给我个电话) convenience food 方便食品 便利食品 convenience store 便利店 II Important and difficult sentences
1. 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母， 而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。The Chinese language _______ _________ Western language_____ ______, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which _______ _________ ideas, objects and _______. in that “在于，因为”
The situation is rather complicated in that we have two managing directors. 由于我们有两位总经理，所以情况很复杂。 2. 许多情况下，一个单字也能形成一个词。
In many _________, a _________ character can also ______ ________ a word. 3. 于是他想到可以用不同的形状来表示物体。
Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to ____________ different objects. that 引导同位语从句
that作为连词，在从句中只起引导词作用，不充当任何成分，但不能省略，跟在某些名词(possibility, hope, fact, desire, idea, suggestion, news (word), problem, thought, question, answer, reason等)之后，对这些名词的内容，含义作具体的解释说明。除that外，when, where, why, how, what, whether均可引导同位语从句。 Tom _______ ________ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. Tom和我的秘书说他会在下午再打电话过来。
I _____ _____ ______ _____ ______ ________ ________.我不知道他何时回来。 There is a________ in me ______ we‟ll never know what a UFO is. 我有一种感觉，那就是我们永远不会知道UFO是什么东西。
The news _____ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday‟s newspaper A. which B. whether C. what D. that 4. 并非所有的汉字都从物体的图画演变而来。
______ _________ characters were developed from drawings of pictures. ⑴部分否定
英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。
Not all birds can fly. 并不是所有的鸟都会飞。 All that glitters is not gold. 所有发亮的东西并不一定都是金子。 Not every man is honest. 并不是每个人都诚实。 He does not always play volleyball. 他并不是总打排球。 Money is not everything. 金钱并非万能。
Your composition is not altogether bad, the spelling is good but grammar is poor. 你的作文并非都不好，拼写好，但语法差。 Not everyone can answer such an easy question. 这样一个简单的问题，也不是人人都能答上来的。 Everything isn‟t ready. 并不是一切都准备好了。 The whole plan does not want changing. 并非全部计划都需要改变。 ⑵全部否定
英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no long, no way等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。 Nothing is ready. 一切都没准备好。 No one knows it. 没有人知道这件事。 Nobody agrees with you. 没有人会同意你。 Neither answer is correct. 两种答案都不对。 None of these things are mine. 这些东西都不是我的。 1. — doesn‟t always happen as we expect.
—Really! So we mustn‟t take the impossible things as our aims in case that we might be disappointed in future. A. Anything B. Everything C. Nothing D. Something 2. —An athlete cannot play his best in competitions. —Yes it depends upon his mental and physical state. A. ever B. sometimes C. always D. never
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江苏省仪征中学高一英语导学案
3. I agree with most of what you said, but I don‟t agree with . A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 4. “All my classmates don‟t speak Japanese” means “ ”. A. All my classmates won‟t speak Japanese
B. None of my classmates speak Japanese; some don‟t C. Some of my classmates speak Japanese; some don‟t D. Both my classmates and I never speak Japanese
5. 因此便出现了一种应对之策， 即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。
Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of the character ________ the meaning and the other _________ the pronunciation.
have\\make\\let sb do sth get sb to do sth 使某人做某事
6. 20世纪50年代，中国政府推广简化汉字，现在它们已在中国大陆全面普及。
In the 1950s the Chinese government __________ _________ ___________ ____________ and now they have ____________ _________ in china’s mainland.
III Useful expressions
1. 区别于_________________________________ 2. （原因）在于___________________________________ 3. 代表，象征____________________________ 4. 许多情况下____________________________________ 5. 组成__________________________________ 6. 根据__________________________________________ 7. 随着时间流逝____________________________8. 总体上________________________________________ 9. 变成___________________________________10. 形成_________________________________________ 11. 从事于________________________________ 12. 得到广泛使用_________________________________ 13. 想到_________________________________ 14. 因为_________________________________________ 15. 使用方便_____________________________ 16. 有实用______________________________________ 17. 突出的点______________________________ 18. 由…组成____________________________________
IV Filling in the blanks
over time according to differ from in that this way turn…into as a whole develop …into 1. Old English ____ greatly _______ the modern English we use today. 2. Life on the island has changed _________ because of the growing number of tourists who visit it every year. 3. ______ the tickets, the train will leave at 8:30. We‟d better hurry to get to the station on time! 4. She said it was the teacher‟s praise and encouragement that _______ her ______ a good student. 5. Install this spell check software on your computer. You will avoid making spelling mistakes _________. 6. Considering your idea _______, I think it will contribute significantly to the development of the company. However, it may cause some problems as well.
7. I was lucky _________ I was able to find what I wanted.
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