(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Section Ⅰ Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also (1) rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again (2) as our protective blanket on earth. Lightgets through, and this is essential for plants to (3) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air (4) outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are (5) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are (6) to this radiation, but their space suits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, (7) prevent a lot of radiation damage. (8) is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called \"rem\". Scientists have (9) to think that a man can (10) far more radiation than 0.1 ram without being damaged: the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to make (11) about radiation damage—a person may feel perfectly well, (12) the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will (13) be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew (14) a large amount of rems. So far; no (15) amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are. going to (16) when they spend weeks and months outside the (17) of the atmosphere, (18) in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to (19) the damage done by radiation, but no really (20) ones have been found so far.
（分数：10.00） A.the B.with
C.because of √ D.dangerous
解析：该空白处紧接着but also，根据并列结构not only．．．but also的要求，其后也应跟并列成分，因此选择because of。别的选项不符合语法要求。 A.uses B.acts √ C.treats D.floats
解析：此处缺少是谓语动词，而且是不及物动词，意思是有……样的作用，因此选项 Uses和treats由于都是及物动词而不符合语法，选项floats(漂浮)不符合句意，也不是固定搭配，只有acts可以与as组成固定搭配，并且语义正确，因此选B。 A.offer B.provide C.make √ D.obtain
解析：此处的不定式的逻辑主语是plants，其接受光的作用是制造食物，因此最佳选择应该make。别的选项都符合语法的要求，但是意义表达不够准确，因此排除。 A.from √ B.into C.off D.by
解析：此处表示各种来自外太空的射线，因此只能选择from与前面的come组成词组。别的选项不合文意。 A.defended
B.prevented C.postponed D.screened √
解析：此处的动词必须与off组成短语动词，表示隔断，因此只能选择screened表示大气将大量的辐射都屏蔽了。别的选项不能与off组成固定搭配。 A.invulnerable B.vicious C.ineffective D.exposed √
解析：此处的意思是人类离开大气层的保护就……辐射。invulnerable表示不受……伤害的，虽然可以与to组成固定搭配，但不符合文意。vicious表示恶毒的，in effective(不起作用的)，在此都不符合语法和文意的要求，因此都应该排除。只有选项：exposed可以构成be exposed to的短语，表示暴露于……的影响下，因此符合语法和语义要求。 A.do √ B.to C.they D.who
解析：本句不缺任何句子成分，主语是their space suits or the walls of their spacecraft，因此应该首先排除they和who，如果选用to，本句就没有谓语了，因此只有 do是正确答案，表示强调谓语的作用。
A.exposure B.radiation √ C.rays D.flying
解析：太空探险人员遇到的最大威胁就是辐射，这也是第一段中所讲的内容，因此选 radiation(辐射)。 A.reason √ B.it C.that D.more
解析：此处是一个固定搭配，表示人们有理由去做某事，to have reason to do something因此选 reason。别的选项不符合语法要求。 A.receive B.put up with √ C.cope D.put off
解析：此处的意思是说人类可以承受什么分量的辐射，该词必须是及物动词，因此首先去掉cope，因它必须与with搭配；选项receive(接受)和put off(推迟)不符合内容的要求，所以只有put up with(承受)符合文意。 A.right B.sure √ C.understandable D.wise
解析：本题四个选项均可与make搭配，但是该搭配后还有一介词about，另外本句的意思是不能确定伤害的程度，因此只能选sure，才能符合文意和语法要求。 A.when B.furthermore C.but √ D.even
解析：此句与上一句的关系是转折关系，因此用but，别的选项不符合文意。
A.yet B.still C.nor √ D.continuously
解析：本句是典型的not．．．until(直到…才的)结构，因此选择not，别的选项不合语法要求。 A.accumulated √ B.assembled C.contained D.gathered
解析：本句是说阿波罗号宇航员身上有大量的辐射物质。但是根据上下文，这些辐射物质是在他们的旅途中逐渐积累的，因此只有accumulated可以表示这个由少到多的积累过程，属于最佳答案。选项assembled(组装，集合)，contained(包含)， gathered(收集)不符合语义。 A.large B.enormous C.poisonous D.dangerous √
解析：此句为整个并列句的前半句，由于后半句的开头but，因此其意义应该是相反的。而且根据文意以及常识，辐射是对人体有害的，不管量的多少，都是应该尽量避免的。因此只有dangerous为最佳答案，别的选项不能表达作者的意图。 A.move along B.stay alive C.get on √ D.come back
解析：此处的意思是宇航员在宇宙实验室是怎么生活的，而不是强调他们能不能活下去，如果对此有疑问，他们可能就不会上天了。因此固定搭配get on表示生活或进展的意思，与get along同义，符合文意的要求。 A.guard B.cover C.layer
D.protection √
解析：在第一段中已经讲到了大气层的作用是保护性质的，因此此处应该选protection，意思是没有了大气的保护，他们是怎么生活的。 A.flying B.working √ C.trapping D.staying
解析：该处缺的是非谓语动词ing形式，从选项中也可看出。宇航员在太空实验室里干什么呢，飞行?设陷阱?还是仅仅是呆着?常识告诉我们他们在太空实验室里工作，因此选择working。别的选项都不符合文意。 A.stop B.remove C.decrease √ D.eliminate
解析：药物的作用是……，伤害，完全消除伤害就不用再寻找别的药物了，因此只有 decrease(减少)符合文意的要求。别的选项不符合语义。 A.useful B.effective √ C.purposeful D.efficient
解析：一般说药物效果好都是用effective，而不用useful，因此effective是最佳答案。 purposeful(有目的的，有意图的)，efficient(有效率的)不符合文意的要求。
二、Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
Bilingual education in New York City was originally viewed as a transitional program that would teach foreign-born children in their native languages until they were fluent enough in English to enter the educational mainstream. But over the last 25 years, bilingual programs at many schools have become foreign-language ghettos from which many children never escape. The need to expose foreign-born students to more English during the school day--and to move them as quickly as possible into the mainstream-was underscored this week in a pair of reports, one from Mayor Rudolph Giuliani's task force on bilingual education and one form Schools Chancellor Harold Levy. The push to reform bilingual education has intensified across the country since the Silicon Valley millionaire Ron k. Unz championed a ballot initiative that ended bilingual education in California two years ago. Opponents of bilingual education want it replaced with the so-called immersion method, in which students are forced to \"sink or swim\" in classes taught entirely in English. Immersion has at least a chance of success in the early grades, where children are mainly being taught to read and write. But it is a recipe for failure in the upper grades, where older foreign-born students must simultaneously learn English and master complex subjects like math, science and literature.
Mayor Giuliani and Schools Chancellor Levy have wisely called for reforming special education instead of dismantling it. Both reports want to end the practice of dragooning children into the system, and call on administrators to offer parents a range of choices. Instead of automatically assigning students to bilingual classes— where they take subjects like mathematics and social studies in their native languages—parents would be allowed to choose other options, including the strategy of English as a second language, in which most instruction is offered in English. Children would be moved into the mainstream as quickly as possible, preferably within three years. But these sensible reforms have little chance of succeeding unless the city and the state act quickly to train and recruit teachers who can perform the needed task. Nearly 30 percent of bilingual instructors are uncertified. Some have not even mastered the languages they have been hired to teach. True reform will require dollars, determination and a qualified teacher in every classroom.
（分数：10.00）
(1).Which word can best describe the author's attitude to the two reports frequently mentioned?（分数：2.00） A.Supportive. √ B.Negative. C.Indifferent. D.Objectiv 解析：作者态度题。
题意为“下列哪个词是作者对经常提及的两份报告的态度的最佳描述?”根据文章第三段首句“市长Giuliani和学校校长Levy明智地号召对特殊教育进行改革而不是废除它”，可知作者对报告持赞许态度。选项A“支持的”为正确选项。选项 B“否定的”；选项C“漠不关心的”；选项D“客观的”。 (2).According to the passage, \"sink or swim\" (Sentence 2, Paragraph 2)is______.（分数：2.00） A.absolutely wrong. B.partly right. √ C.a good idea.
D.a proven metho 解析：推断题。
题意为“根据本文sink or swim是______。”在文章二段叙述到sink or swim即沉浸于语境中的方法对低年级的学生适用，而对高年级的学生不适用。因而选项 B“部分正确”是答案，选项A“绝对错误”；选项C“一个好主意”；选项D“一个经过证明的方法。”
(3).Which of the following is NOT included in the two reports concerned?（分数：2.00） A.rents and children should have more right to choose courses. B.English may .be taught as a second language.
C.Schools should establish a system so that students may be moved into the mainstream as soon as possible.
D.Bilingual education is out of date and should be replaced by a brand-new teaching system. √ 解析：推断题。
题意是“所提及的两份报告中没有包括下列哪句陈述?”用排除法。文章第三段第二句两份报告都想结束迫使孩子进行双语教学体制的做法，并号召管理人员为家长提供更多的选择。不是自动地分配学生去用母语上诸如数学，社会学等课程的双语课堂，而是允许父母帮他选择，包括把英语当作第二种语言的策略，大多数的讲授都是用英语。孩子们可以尽可能快地最好是三年内融入主流社会，由此可知报告中提到了选项A“父母和孩子们应当有更多的权力选课”；选项B“英语可以当作第二种语言来教授”；选项C“学校应当建立一种体制，使学生尽可能快地融入主流社会”，而只有选项D“双语教育过时了，应当由一种暂新的教学体制取代”没有提到，故为正确答案。
(4).The word \"dragoon\" (Sentence 2, Paragraph 3) probably means______.（分数：2.00） A.deceive B.lead C.force √ D.manage 解析：词义猜测题。
参见第3题的解析，可知C“强迫”为正确答案。
(5).At the end of the passage, suggestions are made EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00） A.that the city and state take actions to improve bilingual education. B.that teachers who make contributions in this field be rewarded. √ C.that schools be in great need of qualified teachers. D.that measures be taken to change the current situation. 解析：细节题。
题意为“在文章的结尾，提出的建议不包括______。”在文章最后一段，提到了选项A“州和城市采取措施改进双语教育”，选项C“学校急需合格的教师”以及选项D“采取措施改变现状”。而选项D“在这个领域做出贡献的教师将受到奖励”文中未提到。
五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private-should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women' s earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs's results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees. Other things being equal.
In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers
on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities. ) Brown's research design controlled for education, labor force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the study's results. Brown's results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.
One can infer from Brown's results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
Brown's results are clearly consistent with Fuchs's argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers axe discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women's earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.
（分数：10.00）
(1).The passage mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00） A.discrimination from consumers
B.discrimination from financial institutions C.problems in obtaining good employees
D.problems in obtaining government assistance √ 解析：细节题。
题意为：“文章第三段提到自己当老板的妇女会遇到来自消费者、供销者和金融机构的歧视，而不易招聘到好的雇员。”即选项A、B、C都提到了。因此选项D“获得政府资助的问题”为正确答案。
(2).The author would be most likely to agree with the following conclusion about discrimination against women by private employers and by government employers:______.（分数：2.00）
A.Both private employers and government employers discriminate, with equal effects on women s earnings.
B.Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by private employers has .a greater effect on women's earnings.
C.Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by government employers has a greater effect on women's earnings.
D.Private employers discriminate; it is possible that government employers discriminat √ 解析：推断题。
题意为根据文章最后一段的最后第三句：在政府部门工作的妇女比在私企工作的妇女工作表现好也表明私企老板歧视妇女；研究结果没有证明政府部门不歧视妇女；然而，结果表明如果政府部门歧视妇女，那么这种歧视不像私企那样对妇女收入构成的影响那么大。因此选项D“私企老板歧视(妇女)，政府部门有可能歧视(妇女)”，为正确答案。A“私企老板和政府部门都歧视妇女，且对妇女的收入造成同样的影响”；B“私企老板和政府部门都歧视妇女，但私企的这种歧视对妇女的收入造成较大的影响”；C“私企老板和政府部门歧视妇女，但政府部门的这种歧视对妇女的收入造成较大的影响”。
(3).According to Brown's study, women's earnings categories occur in which of the following orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings?（分数：2.00）
A.Government employment, self-employment.
B.Private employment, private employment, self-employment. √ C.Private employment, self-employment, government employment. D.Private employment, government employment, self-employment. 解析：推断题。
题意为：“根据Brown的研究，妇女收入从高到低的排序是下列哪一项?”根据文章第二段倒数两句，“对男士来说，自己当老板的人收入最高，其次是在私企工作的人，收入最低的是在政府工作的人。对于女士来讲，这个顺序正好相反”，可知妇女的收入由高到低的顺序是选项B“在政府工作的妇女，在私企工作的妇女，自己当老板的妇女”，所以B为正确答案。
(4).Which of the following questions does the passage answer explicitly?（分数：2.00） A.Why were Black workers excluded from the sample used in Brown's study? √
B.Why do private employers discriminate more against women than do government employers? C.Why do self-employed women have more difficulty than men in hiring high quality employees? D.Why do suppliers discriminate against self-employed women? 解析：细节题。
题意为：“本文明确回答了下列哪个问题?”根据文章第二段括号中的内容“抽样中没有选黑人工人以避免种族差异造成的收入差异”，可知选项A“在Blovm的研究的抽样中，黑人工作为何被排除在外?”为正确答案。B“为什么私企老板比政 府部门更歧视妇女?”；C“为什么自己当老板的妇女比男士更难招聘到高素质的雇员?”；D“为什么供销商歧视自己办公司的妇女?”
(5).Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage as a whole?（分数：2.00）
A.The Necessity for Earnings Differentials in Free Market Economy.
B.Why Discrimination Against Employed Women by Government Employers and Private Employers Differs from Discrimination Against Self-Employed Women by Consumers.
C.The Relative Effect of Discrimination by Government Employers, Private Employers, and Consumers on Women's Earnings. √
D.The Relative Effect of Private Employer Discrimination on Women's Earnings. 解析：主旨题。
通读全文，作者主要讲述不同部门对妇女的歧视所造成的收入差异，即C“由政府部门、私企老板和消费者对妇女的歧视对妇女收入的相对影响”为正确答案。 A“在自由市场经济中，收入差异的必然性”；B“歧视对妇女选择职业的影响”；D“私企老板对男士收入的歧视及对女士收入的歧视的相对影响”。
六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
Something big is happening to the human race--something that could be called The Great Transformation.
The Transformation consists of all the changes that are occurring m human life due to advancing technology. For thousands of years such progress occurred slowly. Now, everything is changing so fast that you may find yourself wondering where all this progress is really leading. Nobody knows what all these changes really will mean in the long run. But this mysterious Transformation is the biggest story of all time. It is the story of the human race itself. Some people worry about what will happen when the deposits of petroleum are gone, but already researchers are finding all kinds of new ways to obtain energy. Someday, solar power collected by satellites circling the earth of fission power manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization. Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement, as well as leading to the harvest of mineral resources like the asteroids.
Scientific research continues to open up previously undreamed-of possibilities. Fifty years ago, few people could even imagine things like computers, lasers, and holography. Today, a host of newly emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and genetic engineering are opening up all kinds of new paths for technologists.
Like it or not, our advancing technology has made us masters of the earth. We not only dominate all the other animals, but we are reshaping the world' s plant life and even its soil and rocks, its waters and surrounding air. Mountains are being dug up to provide minerals and stone for buildings. The very ground under our feet is washing away as we chop down the forests, plow up the fields, and excavate foundations for our buildings.
Human junk is cluttering up not only the land but even the bottom of the sea. And so many chemicals are being released into the air by human activities that scientists worry that the entire globe may warm, causing the polar icecaps to melt and ocean waters to flood vast areas of the land. During the twentieth century, advancing technology has enabled man to reach thousands of feet into the ocean depths and to climb the highest mountains. Mount Everest, the highest mountain of all, resisted all climbers until the 1950's: Now man is reaching beyond Earth to the moon, Mars, and the stars.
No one knows what the Great Transformation means or where it will ultimately lead. But one thing is sure: Human life 50 years from now will be very different from what it is today.
It's also worth noting that our wondrous technology is posing an increasingly insistent question: When we can do so many things, how can we possibly decide what we really should do? When humans were relatively powerless, they didn't have to make the choices they have to make today. Technology gives us the power to build a magnificent new civilization—if we can just agree on what we want it to be. But today, there is little global agreement on goals and how we should achieve them.
So it remains to be seen what will happen as a result of our technology. Pessimists worry that we will use the technology eventually to blow ourselves up. But they have been saying that for decades, and so far we have escaped. Whether we will continue to do so remains unknown--but we can continue to hope.
（分数：10.00）
(1).The Great Transformation is caused by______.（分数：2.00） A.artificial intelligence and genetic engineering B.the shortage of natural resources C.the development of practical science √ D.unknown reasons 解析：细节题。
题意为：“______造成大变革。”根据第二段首句(大变革包括发生在人们生活中由技术带来的所有变化)，可知选项C“应用科学”为正确答案。选项A“人工智能和基因工程”；选项B“自然资源的短缺”；选项D“未知的理由”。
(2).Today it is impossible for people to build a remarkable new civilization because______.（分数：2.00）
A.nobody is optimistic about the future B.human beings are unable to do so
C.people disagree with each other in many ways √ D.people are not interested in it 解析：细节题。
题意为：“今天人们不可能建立引人瞩目的新文明是因为______。”根据倒数第二段末句(但是如今，关于目标和如何建立新文明很能达成全球性的统一意见)，可知选项C“人们之间有很大的意见分歧”为正确答案。选项A“没人对未来持乐观态度”；选项B“人类不可能做到”；选项D“人们不感兴趣”。 (3).According to the passage, pessimists believe that______.（分数：2.00） A.the future of the world will be better and better
B.technological advances will destroy the human race at last √ C.human technological advances axe useless in people's life
D.there is no need to develop technology 解析：细节题。
题意为：“根据本文，悲观主义者认为_______。”根据末段第二句(悲观主义者担心我们运用技术最终会毁掉我们自己)，可知选项B“科技进步最终毁灭人类”为正确答案。选项A“世界将有光明的未来”；选项C“在人类生活中人类的科技进步一无是处”；选项D“发展科技没有必要”。
(4).The more chemicals we send into the air, the less land we will possibly have because______.（分数：2.00）
A.chemicals will wash away fields B.water levels will go up √
C.more and more land will be covered by ice D.none of the above 解析：推断题。
题意为；“我们往大气里排放的化学物质越多，我们拥有的土地会越少，因为 ______。”根据文章第七段末句(人类的活动往大气层排放了太多化学品，致使全球转暖，南极冰帽溶化，海水泛滥冲毁了大量的土地)，可知B“海水面升高”为正确答案。选项A“化学品冲毁田地”；选项C“被水覆盖了越来越多的土地”；选项D“上面的理由都不正确”。
(5).Advancing technology could possibly make us______.（分数：2.00） A.decisive B.powerless C.hesitant √ D.mysterious 解析：推断题。
题意为：“先进的技术很可能使我们______。”根据倒数第三段首句(值得指出的是我们的美妙技术一直在提一个问题；当我们能做许多事情时，我们怎能决定我们究竟应当做什么?)，可知选项C“犹豫不决”为正确答案。选项A“决定性的”；B“无能为力的”；D“神秘的”。
七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
Of greatest interest to those concerned with the environmental aspects of solid waste management is the issue of—and the need for—resource recovery and recycling. To many Americans, there is perhaps no greater symbol of our imbalance with nature and our mal-adaptation to its realities than the fact that we discard millions of tons of wastes every year which do, in act, have value. The American people realize now that trash need not be mere junk. It has the potential of becoming a significant vein or resources, a mother lode of opportunity for men of vision who can see beyond the horizon.
The American people are right. And those who serve them can no longer view solid waste management solely in terms of collection and disposal. However, something more than the magic of science and technology is required to convert all this waste back into useful resources.
In fact, in proportion to consumption, resource: recovery has been steadily losing ground in recent years in virtually every materials sector. Approximately 200 million tons of paper, iron, steel, glass, nonferrous metals, textiles, rubber and plastics flow through the economy yearly--and materials weighing roughly the same leave the economy again as waste. In spite of neighbor hood recycling projects, container recovery depots, paper drives, anti-litter campaigns, local ordinances banning the non-returnable bottle, and file emergence of valuable new technological approaches, only a trickle of the \"effluence of affluence\" is today being diverted from the municipal waste stream.
The principal obstacles are economic and institutional, not technological. The cost of recovering, processing and transporting wastes is so high that the resulting products simply cannot compete, economically, with virgin materials. Of course, it the true costs of such economic \"externalities\" as environmental impact associated with virgin materials use were reflected in production costs and if there were no subsidies to virgin materials in the form of depletion allowances and favorable
freight rates, the use of secondary materials would become muck more attractive. But they are not now. There are no economic or technical events on the horizon, short of governmental intervention, that would indicate a reversal of this trend. If allowed to continue to operate as it does now, the economic system will continue to select virgin raw materials in preference to wastes. This fact should be etched into the awareness of those who look to recycling as a way out of the solid waste management dilemma.
（分数：10.00）
(1).We can conclude from the passage that the scientific means for recycling solid waste______.（分数：2.00）
A.requires further research B.is available now √ C.remains to be developed D.is still being experimented 解析：推断题。
题意为：“从文中可推断出回收固体垃圾的科学方法______。”根据文章第三段末句(尽管附近有回收项目，容器再生储存站、纸张收集处、反对随处扔垃圾运动，禁止使用不可回收瓶的地方法规，以及宝贵的新技术方法的出现……)，可知选项 B“现在可获得”为正确答案。A“需要进一步调查”；C“有待开发”；D“正在做实验”。
(2).Which. of the following is NOT the reason why people prefer to use virgin' materials than use secondary ones?（分数：2.00）
A.Production costs do not include the true costs of environmental impact. B.There axe subsidies to virgin materials.
C.Using virgin materials can protect environment. √ D.The secondary materials are more expensiv 解析：细节题。
题意为：“下列哪一个选项不是人们偏爱用原材料而不是再生材料的理由?”根据原文第四段第一、二句，可知选项A、B、D在文中都提到过，是人们偏爱用初用材料的理由。而选项C“用初用材料能够保护环境”，不合逻辑，是本题的正确答案。
(3).Which of the following is the fact concerning resource recovery?（分数：2.00） A.The solid wastes can be cheaply recycled.
B.Resource recovery has become a significant vein of resource.
C.Governmental intervention is very important to solve the problems of recycling. √ D.Solid waste management only involves collection and disposal. 解析：作者态度题。
题意为：“作者对回收固体垃圾的态度是什么样的?”通读全文，作者讲述美国人意识到垃圾回收、再次利用有巨大的潜力，接着指出目前人们偏爱使用初次材料的原因。在文章最后，作者指出必须使人们意识到回收利用是走出固体垃圾管理进退两难境地的一种途径。由此可知，作者对回收垃圾持赞成态度，但对此不太乐观。故C为正确答案。
(4).What does the author's attitude toward recycling solid waste?（分数：2.00） A.Objection. B.Detachment. C.Approval. D.Optimism. √ 解析：主旨题。
题意为：“本文的最佳标题是什么?”参见上题分析，可知D为正确答案。 (5).What is the best title for the passage2?（分数：2.00） A.Virgin Materials and Secondary Materials. B.What is Recycling.
C.Solid Waste Management. √ D.Problems of Recyclin 解析：细节题。
题意为：“下列哪一句是有关资源再生的事实?”根据原文最后一段倒数第三句 (目前没有经济或技术事件，也缺乏政府干预，那表明这一趋势将逆转)，可知选项 C“解决回收的问题，政府的干预很重要”为正确答案。选项A“固体垃圾可以廉价地回收利用”；B“资源再生已成为重要的资源命脉”；D“固体垃圾管理只涉及垃圾收集和垃圾处理”。
八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
US President Bush has been having a difficult summer. Recent polls show a considerable decline in public approval of his conduct of the nation's business, yet in just few weeks voters will decide whether he or Democrat John Kerry is to be the next president. If things are going so badly for Bush, then Kerry must be doing well, right?
41)__________. His public appearances kindle little enthusiasm. His TV ads sway few viewers. As a result, Kerry supporters tend to be more anti-Bush than they are genuinely pro-Kerry. Democratic strategists point out that Kerry has a pattern of coming from behind to win political races. And even though Kerry stirs little excitement, many Americans are quite eager to learn whom he will choose as his running mate. A popular vice presidential candidate could energize his campaign, especially since there is little chance that President. Bush will dump the much-loathed Richard Cheney from the Republican ticket.
Most observers agree that Kerry is not a particularly strong candidate for the US presidency. He tends to be respected, but he arouses little enthusiasm.42)__________But then, two weeks ago, the Republicans counterattacked vigorously, end the race is once again wide open.
The public's generally positive impression of Senator's Kerry's character is based in large part on his record during the war in Vietnam, when he performed heroically as the commander of a \"swift boat\Vietnam. The crew of his old boat are united in their praise of him.
43)__________.Two weeks ago they began appearing in stingingly negative TV ads aired in crucial states where currently undecided voters will probably determine the outcome of the election. And the ads were effective, drawing independent voters away from Kerry. In the meantime, Kerry's own crewmen have strongly rejected the new version of events.
44)__________Journalists quickly turned up links between the navy veterans and Texas fat cats who had long supplied the Bush family with funds for political campaigns. These rich folks were in turn linked to Karl Rove, Bush' s masterful political strategist--his very own Zhuge Liang. 45)__________. Cartoonist David Horsey, like many other observers, thinks Karl Rove is up to his old tricks; a similar effort--in this case, untraceable slanderous rumors during a key primary race--undermined popular Republican Senator John McCaine's campaign for the GOP nomination in 2000. In today's cartoon Rove is portrayed as the puppeteer controlling Bush' s wealthy supporters in Texas (notice the Texas-style cowboy hat). The hand puppet in turn seems to be manipulating another, smaller puppet that represents the angry swift boat veterans.
A. Nonetheless, thanks to the slow economic recovery, the difficult situation in Iraq and changing perceptions of President Bush's competence, he seemed to be on the road to a very narrow victory in November.
B. But leadership, you know, isn't about taking the easy route; it is about making the tough, sometimes unpopular decisions. President Bush has demonstrated that he can make tough decisions, and I personally like the fact that his faith end his values are the foundation of his decisions.
C. Not exactly. Americans outside Massachusetts, which Kerry represents in the Senate, seem to find it hard to relate to the Democratic candidate.
D. While Bush would dearly love to undermine Kerry's image, he cannot afford to be seen doing so. (His own military record, after all; makes a sorry contrast with Kerry's.) E. Are the ads the Bush campaign in action or just the vengeful protest of naval officers whose leadership was questioned in a recent biography of Kerry? It costs hundreds of thousands of dollars to make such an ad and buy air time; so many people immediately suspected that wealthy Republicans were behind the effort.
F. However, a group of navy veterans (all present in the same area of Vietnam as Kerry and during the same period, some as senior officers, others as crewmen not on Kerry's boat but on other, similar craft) have denounced Kerry in a book that came out last month. They allege that he did not deserve the medals for valiant leadership he won in the war.
G. Kerry remains an unknown quantity to most Americans, but better known Democrats are much in the news. Examine the publicity posters in the cartoon. In both upper comers are ads for ex-President Clinton's lengthy autobiography, My Lif
（分数：10.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）
解析：作者在第一段最后提出一个问题：如果形势发展得对布什非常不利，那克里就会表现得很出色，对吗?在41题后，作者指出：他在公众面前的亮相难于激起人们的热情，他的电视广告也改变不了几个观众的看法。结果呢，克里的支持者往往是出于对布什的反对，而不是对克里的真诚支持。从这两部分显然可以看出空白处内容应该是对克里的介绍或评价。选项C中最关键的是Not exactly(并不完全是这样)，这是对上文的某个问题给出的答案，这与第一段末句是承接关系。接下来，作者又提到：克里是麻省的参议员，而在麻省以外的地区，美国人似乎很难认同这位民主党候选人。这部分与下文中的“克里的公众形象不是很好”有潜在的因果关系，因此选项C是本题答案。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）
解析：本段开篇提到：许多观察家都认为，克里作为美国总统的候选人不是特有竞争力。他通常很受尊敬，但却激不起多少热情。42题内容之后，作者话锋一转，指出：可是，就在两个星期以前，共和党人发起了强劲的反击，于是，这场竞赛谁胜谁负再次变得难以预料。因此我们知道42题空白处内容应该是讲布什可能会输，克里有望获胜，而该部分内容与文章开篇又是一个转折关系，这是因为不是特有竞争力通常意味着没有希望获胜。选项A中的Nonetheless(然而)是一个明显的标志词，作者给出虽然克里不太具有竞争力，但有望获胜的理由是：由于美国经济复苏缓慢、伊拉克战局的困难以及公众对于布什总统所具能力的看法正在改变，克里似乎就要在11月的大选中以微弱优势取胜了。故选项A为42题正确答案。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）
解析：这段谈论克里在越南战争中的表现。本题上句提到：克里当年所在快艇上的官兵众口一词，赞扬他当时的表现。下文又说：两周前，他们开始出现在尖刻的负面电视广告中，这批广告在一些将对大选结果起关键性影响的州播出了，而这些州目前尚未做出决定的选民将很可能决定大选的结果。这些广告奏效了，它们正使独立选民们抛弃克里。与此同时，克里的人激烈地驳斥了这一对当年事件所做出的新演绎。从这些内容可以看出，43题处的内容应该是某一类人对克里在越战中的表现提出了质疑，让克里的正面形象大打折扣。浏览选项，可看到选项F提到了Vietnam(越南)和navy veterans(海军老兵)，这里指出：一群海军老兵在上个月出版的一本书中指责了克里，他们声称，克里不配获得那枚表彰其英勇领导作战的奖章。这部分内容与上下文语义衔接顺畅，逻辑连贯，因此为本题答案。 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）
解析：上段最后提到：这些广告奏效了，它们正使独立选民们抛弃克里。与此同时，克里的人激烈地驳斥了这一对当年事件所做出的新演绎。本题后面指出：记者们很快就发现了这些退伍老兵们与得克萨斯州一些大款们的联系，而那些大款们长期以来一直为布什家族的政治活动提供资金。这些阔佬们又与卡尔•罗夫有关系，卡尔•罗夫是布什精干的政治战略家——也就是他的诸葛亮。显然，这部分是谈论这些退伍老兵对克里的攻击与布什的竞选班子有着千丝万缕的联系。顺着这一思路去看各选项，发现选项E谈到ads(广告)，它开始就对这些广告提出质疑：这些广告是不是布什的竞选活动的一部分?还是仅仅是某些海军军官们的报
复性的抗议呢?接下来，作者解释人们对此产生疑问的原因：因为在最近出版的克里自传中，那些军官们在越战期间的领导能力受到了质疑。制作这样一部广告并购买播放时间需花费数十万美元，所以许多人马上就怀疑富有的共和党人在幕后操纵了这一切。这与后面的德克萨斯的大款们为布什提供竞选资金有逻辑上的联系，故为本题答案。
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）
解析：本题前一段谈到布什竞选阵营对克里在越战中的表现加以诋毁。45题内容后，作者又指出：和其他许多观察家一样，漫画家戴维•霍西认为卡尔•罗夫又在耍他的老把戏了——在2000年竞选共和党(GOP)总统候选人时，他用了一个相似的计策，使原来人气很旺的参议员约翰•麦凯恩的竞选受挫，而在那一次，他是在一场关键性的初级竞选活动中散布了无法追踪来源的、诽谤性的谣言。显然，这部分仍然在谈论布什对克里加以的诋毁。浏览剩下的三个选项B，D和G，虽然选项G提到了cartoon(卡通)，但选项D中undermine Kerry’simage(诋毁克里的形象)显然是承接上段内容而来，因此更符合上下文逻辑。该句意为：尽管布什太想破坏克里的形象了，但他承担不起被人发现自己在这么做的后果(毕竟，与克里相比，他自己的军事履历显得很可怜)。这与下文中2000年，他散布了无法追踪来源的、诽谤性的谣言有语义上的直接联系。
九、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
While many people might assume that Mothers' Day is a holiday invented by the fine folks at Hallmark, it's not so. The earliest Mothers' Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece, honoring Rhea, the Mother of the Gods. The Romans called their version of the event the Hilaria, and celebrated on the Ides (古罗马历中的3月15日)of March by making offerings in the temple of Cybele, the mother of the Gods. Early Christians celebrated the festival on the fourth Sunday of Lent in honor of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of Christ.
In more recent times, relatively speaking—England in the 1600s—the celebration was expanded to include all mothers with \"Mothering Sunday\" being celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent (the 40 day period leading up to Easter). 46)Besides attending church services in honor of the Virgin Mary, children returned home from the cities with gifts, flowers, and special Mothering Day cakes that were important parts of the celebration.
Mothers' Day festivities in the United States date back to 1872 when Julia Ward Howe (her other claim to fame was writing the lyrics(歌词) for the \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\") suggested the day be dedicated to peace. Ms. Howe would hold organized Mothers' Day meetings in Boston, Massachusetts ever year.
In 1907, Ana Jarvis, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania school teacher, furthered the cause by beginning a campaign to establish a national Mothers' Day. 47)Ms. Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mothers' Day on the second anniversary of her mother's death, which happened to be on the 2nd Sunday of May that year. By the following year, Mothers' Day was also being celebrated in Philadelphia.
Not content to rest on her laurels(殊荣), Ms. Jarvis and her supporters began to write to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mothers' Day and in 1912, the Mothers' Day International Association was incorporated for the purpose of promoting the day and its observance. 48)In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson made it official by proclaiming Mothers' Day a national holiday that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May.
It is somewhat ironic that after all her efforts, Ana Jarvis ended up growing bitter over what she perceived as the corruption of the holiday she created. 49)She hated the commercialization of the holiday and grew so enraged by it that she filed a lawsuit to stop a 1923 Mothers' Day festival and was even arrested for disturbing the peace at a mothers' gathering where women sold white carnations(康乃馨)—Jarvis' symbol for mothers—to raise money. Ana Jarvis' story is not a happy one. Things went from bad to worse and she eventually lost everything and everyone that was close to her and died alone in a sanatorium(疗养地) in 1948. Shortly before her death, Jarvis told a reporter she was sorry she had ever started Mothers' Day.
50)Aha may be gone. but Mothers' Day lives on, regardless of whether it meets her approval. Many countries throughout the world celebrate Mothers' Day at various times throughout the year, but
some such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium also celebrate Mothers' Day on the second Sunday of May.
（分数：10.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(除去参加纪念圣母玛利亚的教堂礼拜以外，孩子们带着礼物、鲜花和母亲节特制蛋糕从城里回到家，这些都是庆祝活动重要的组成部分。) 解析：
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(嘉维斯小姐劝说西弗吉尼亚州格拉夫顿她母亲所在的教堂在她母亲去世两周年时庆祝母亲节，那天正巧是那一年五月的第二个星期天。) 解析：
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(1914年，沃德罗•威尔森总统宣布母亲节为国家假日，从而使之成为法定假日，在每年五月的第二个星期天。) 解析：
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(她(嘉维斯小姐)痛恨母亲节的商业化，而且如此愤怒，以至于通过起诉来制止1923年的母亲节的庆祝活动。她甚至因为扰乱一个母亲集会的治安而被逮捕。在那个集会上，妇女们卖白色康乃馨(嘉维斯小姐对母亲的象征)来筹钱。) 解析：
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(阿娜可能已不在了，但不论母亲节是否符合她的初衷，这个节日延续了下来。) 解析：
十、Section Ⅲ Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
1. Directions:
You have a neighbor who regularly cooks food on a very smoky outdoor barbecue.
The smoke blows directly into your home. You have complained to your neighbor, but he refuses to clean the barbecue. Write to the local police and explain your problem. Your writing should include the following items: 1) explain what is wrong; 2) give details;
3) ask for help to fix the problem.
You should Write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use \"Wang Hong\" instead. You do not need to write the address.
（分数：10.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：
十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
2.Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1) describe the cartoon, point out the message conveyed; 2) give your comment.
You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
（分数：20.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：
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