Passage 1(2014重庆,C)体裁:说明文 词数:283
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid—we simply weigh too much,and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet,resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However,several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus,a lizard(蜥蜴)native to Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this,wed need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting.”
But fortunately there is an alternative:cornflour.By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water(and it does take a lot),you can create a
“non-Newtonian” liquid that doesnt behave like normal water.Now,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough,particles(粒子)in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step,and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound,its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it,then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!
1.Walking on water hasnt become a reality mainly because humans . A.are not interested in it B.have biological limitations C.have not invented proper tools D.are afraid to make an attempt
2.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage? A.It is light enough to walk on water.
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B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water. C.It can run across water at a certain speed. D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.
3.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage? A.To create a thick liquid. B.To turn the water into solid. C.To help the liquid behave normally. D.To enable the water to move rapidly.
4.What is the authors attitude toward the idea of humans walking on water? A.It is risky but beneficial. B.It is interesting and worth trying. C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality. D.It is impractical though theoretically possible. 答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。能在水上行走是人类一直以来感兴趣的话题,虽然有方法能实现这一想法,但所有这些都只是理论上的,并不切合实际。 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D
Passage 2(2014安徽,E)体裁:说明文 词数:301
You may not have heard of Ashoka,but for the past 27 years,this
association,founded by Bill Drayton,has fought poverty(贫困)and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising“changemakers”seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
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Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself permission.If you see a problem that you care about,you can help solve it.The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy,healthy,contributing adult.In fact,it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka,which handled the rubbish problem facing the city,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets,attracting rats and disease,they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste.So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥)this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers(化肥)which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first,they were refused,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made,the project took off.In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
1.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A.Changemakers B.Businessmen C.Social Conditions D.Rubbish Problem
2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“ .” A.the local farmers B.Masqsood and Iftekhar C.Drayton and his team D.the poor people in Dhaka
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3.It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he .
A.considers Draytons concept B.gets permission from Ashoka C.tries to improve social conditions D.is a young,happy and healthy adult
4.The authors attitude towards Ashokas program can be described as . A.changing B.forgiving C.cautious D.positive 答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,讲述了一个由Bill Drayton所创立的组织Ashoka通过提供资金支持,致力于鼓励人们去做一个变革者,努力去改变社会,解决当前社会中迫切需要解决的问题。 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D
Passage 3(2014山东,A)体裁:记叙文 词数:277
One morning,Anns neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school.She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog.Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.
Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers(传单),and put them in mailboxes.Meanwhile,Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies,warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog.At the time,Anns son Thomas was 10 years old,and Jack,who was recovering from a heart operation,was 21 years old.
Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog,whom they had started to call Riley.When she arrived home from work,the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her.As soon as she opened the door,Riley dashed into the boys
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room where Ann found Jack suffering a heart attack.Riley ran over to Jack,but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.
“If it hadnt come to get me,the doctor said Jack would have died,”Ann reported to a local newspaper.At this point,no one had called to claim the dog,so Ann decided to keep it.
The next morning Tracy got a call.A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier.Tracy started crying,and told him,“That dog saved my friends son.”
Peter drove to Anns house to pick up his dog,and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window.After a few moments Peter said,“Maybe Odie was supposed to find you,maybe you should keep it.”
1.What did Tracy do after finding the dog? A.She looked for its owner. B.She gave it to Ann as a gift. C.She sold it to the dollar store. D.She bought some food for it. 2.How did the dog help save Jack? A.By breaking the door for Ann. B.By leading Ann to Jacks room. C.By dragging Jack out of the room. D.By attending Jack when Ann was out.
3.What was Anns attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4? A.Sympathetic. B.Doubtful. C.Tolerant. D.Grateful.
4.For what purpose did Peter call Tracy? A.To help her friends son. B.To interview Tracy. C.To take back his dog. D.To return the flier to her.
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5.What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph? A.It would be given to Odie. B.It would be kept by Anns family. C.It would be returned to Peter. D.It would be taken away by Tracy. 答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。Ann 的邻居Tracy在当地的小学附近发现了一条狗,没想到这条狗给Ann一家人带来了这么多的东西。那它到底做了些什么呢? 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C
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