一、生产标准(Production Standard)
1、苹果(Apple )
(1)、成熟grown
(2)、完整whole
(3)、干净clean
(4)、来自于农残普查合格的区域come from pesticide investigation conformity
(5)、多品种multiple variety
(6)、无虫害no pest harm
2、感官指标(Sensory Characteristics)
(1)、天然的苹果香味 Nature apple flavor
(2)、棕褐色 Brown
(3)、无杂质 no impurity
3、理化指标(Physical and Chemical Characteristics)
(1)、酸度acidity:1.0%-4.5%
(2)、色值color value:30%-90%11.5Brix440nm
(3)、浊度turbidity:<3NTU
(4)、热稳定性heat stability:稳定stable
(5)、钠sodium:<30mg/kg11.5Brix
(6)、硝酸盐nitrate:<5mg/kg11.5Brix
(7)、果胶pectin:阴性negative
(8)、淀粉starch:阴性negative
4、微生物指标(Microbiological Chracteristics)
(1)、细菌总数total plate count:<50cfu/ml
(2)、大肠菌群coliform:不得检出not detectable
(3)、致病菌pathogen:不得检出not detectable
(4)、霉菌mould:不得检出not detectable
(5)\\耐热霉菌heat resistance mould:不得检出not detectable
(6)、酵母菌yeast:不得检出not detectable
(7)、耐高渗透压酵母菌osmophilic yeast:不得检出not detectable
(8)、耐酸耐热菌thermophilic acidophilic bacteria:<1/10ml
5、安全指标(Safe Chracteristics)
(1)、农残Pesticide:符合中国和进口国法规
(2)、棒曲霉素Patulin:<50mg/kg11.5Brix
(3)、重金属Heavy metal::符合中国和进口国法规
6、真实性指标(Authenticity Charcteristics)
(1)、纯天然浓缩苹果清汁 pure nature apple juice concentrate
(2)、不含有任何食品添加剂:甜味剂、酸味剂、色素、Vc等 Do not contain any food additives,preservatives,flavors.
(3)、 纯天然浓缩苹果清汁 pure nature apple juice concentrate
二、质量控制(Quality Control)
1、以前质量状况(Quality Status Before)
(1)、质量低low quality
(2)、曾经出现的质量事故:
(3)、色值color value
(4)、钠、硝酸盐sodium and nitrate
(5)、棒曲霉素patulin
(6)、富马酸、乳酸fumaric acid and lactic acid
(7)、农残:甲胺磷pesticide-methamidophos
2、质量控制围
(1)、人员personnel
(2)、设备equipment
(3)、原料raw material
(4)、辅料auxilaury material
(5)、工艺process
(6)、质量体系quality system
ISO9002:2000、HACCP
3、质量控制措施(Quality Control measurement)
(1)、色值(color value)
A、改变工艺条件Change process conditon
B、酶制剂 enzyme
C、树脂吸附resin adsorption
D、传统工艺和现代工艺结合 combine with traditional process and modern process
E、冻柜运输frozen container transportation
(2)、钠和硝酸盐(sodium and nitrate)
A、采用纯水漂洗use RO water to rinse
B、提高漂洗时泵的流速increase the speed of pump during rinsing
C、延长漂洗时间prolong rinsing time
D、对漂洗水进行检测,总结出规律detect the sodium and nitrate residue for the rinsing water, summarize the rule
(3)、棒曲霉素(patulin)
A、苹果
①、无害栽培技术
②、贮藏技术
③、苹果收购
④、病虫害普查
⑤、和果农签定质量和数量协议
⑥、给果农的奖励金和质量挂钩
⑦、加强原料的进厂检验
B、拣选
①、对拣果人员进行质量意识培训
②、调整进果量和走带速度
③、增加拣选台上的拣选人数
④、确保拣选台上的苹果呈单层摆放
C、工艺
①、活性炭吸附
②、树脂吸附
(4)、生物危害(microbial hazard)
A、来源resource
①、土壤 soil
②、自来水tap water
③、空气 air
④、冷凝水condensate water
⑤、腐烂果rotten apple
⑥、人员personnel
B、苹果apple
①、干净clean
②、完整whole
③、不得使用落果 no fallen apple
④、清洗cleaning
⑤、分段step by step
⑥、加清洗剂detergent
C、水源water resource
除菌处理remove bacteria
D、清洗工艺cleaning process
①、清洗剂detergent
②、温度temp.
③、时间time
④、流速speed of flow
E、设备、罐、管道 equipment/tank/pipe
①、焊缝光滑welding line is smooth
②、无死角no dead corner
③、超滤ultrafiltration
F、空气air
①、喷洒消毒spray disinfect
②、空气过滤器air filter
(5)、农残(pesticide)
A、法规regulatory
①、农药使用规
②、国外法规宣传
③、监控手段-GC :monitor
B、清洗cleaning
①、延长清洗时间time
②、加入清洗剂detergent
③、加大喷淋压力praying pressure
C、苹果种植和收购apple planting and perchasing
①、普查investigation
②、建立基地build apple base
③、收获时间harvest time
④、收购过程perchasing process
-包装物package
-运输车辆transportation vehicle
(6)、设备(equipment)
2001-2006
A、现代超滤加工工艺modern untrafiltration processing
B、自动操作程度高operation automatically
C、效率高high efficiency
D、质量指标要求多,特别是微生物指标等the items of quality requirements is more, especially microbiological charateristics
E、 无菌灌装aseptic filling
F、 多种包装形式multi package style
G、设备厂家集中在3-4家设备制造商 main equipment manufacturer is 3-4
H、设备质量和性能高high quality and performance of equipment
I、技术水平有很大提高technical level is improved much more
J、规模大,单厂设备加工能力在50吨苹果/小时以上the large scale, the capacity is more than 50 tons apples per hour for single plant
K、生产管理水平在不断提高production management level is improved
L、树脂吸附工艺得到普遍使用resin adsorption is used at large
M、建立了冷藏大罐区build cool big storage tank
N、建立了冷库,部分-18℃冷库build cool storage warehouse, including part -18 ℃ storage warehouse
O、了解进口国的法律法规,与国际接轨the regulation of the country which import the juice is well known
P、全部实施ISO9000质量管理体系和HACCP食品安全管理体系 actualize ISO9000 and HACCP quality and safety management system
(7)、工艺(process)
苹果接收← 耐酸耐热菌
↓
一级清洗 → 去除耐酸耐热菌the first grade cleaning
↓
二级清洗 → 去除耐酸耐热菌the second grade cleaning
↓
提升elevator
↓
拣选 → 去除耐酸耐热菌sorting
↓
三级鼓泡浮洗
加清洗剂:80mg/L二氧化氯溶液,5min)→ 去TAB
↓
四级鼓泡浮洗 去除二氧化氯残留和TAB
↓
喷林清洗 ( 3-5bar)→ 去除ClO2残留和TAB spraying cleaning
↓
破碎(70-80℃)←3%氢氧化钠
↓
压榨←3%氢氧化钠(50℃)+2%双氧水(常温)press
↓
前巴( 95-120℃,30s)→ 去除耐酸耐热菌
↓
酶解←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)enzymination
↓
超滤 (孔径0.02μm)→ 去除耐酸耐热菌ultrafiltration
↓
吸附←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)+3%双氧水(常温)resin adsorption
↓
浓缩←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)+3%双氧水(常温)concentration
↓
后巴 ← 85-95℃←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃)pasteurization
↓
灌装←3%氢氧化钠(70-80℃) filling
(8)、酸度(acidity)
A、我国浓缩苹果清汁按照酸度段的分区,大致为:
the subarea of the acidity of chinese apple juice concentrate is as following:
B、 地区:苹果的品种以国光为主,浓缩苹果清汁酸度高,酸度围2.2%-4.5%;
Liaoning area: the main variety of apple is guoguang, high acidity, the range of acidity is 2.2%-4.5%
C、地区:苹果的品种以富士为主,浓缩苹果清汁酸度为中酸,酸度围1.8%-2.5%
Shandong area: the main variety of apple is Fuji, medium acidity, the range of acidity is 1.8%-2.5%
D、 地区:苹果的品种以冠为主,浓缩苹果清汁的酸度为低酸,酸度围1.0%-1.8%.
Shaanxi area: the main variety of apple is Qinguan, low acidity, the range of acidity is 1.0%-1.8%
(9)、包装(package)
A、非无菌包装到无菌包装from non-aseptic filling to aseptic filling
B、单一包装形式到多种包装形式 from single package style to multiple package style
C、目前的包装形式:the package style at present
D、钢桶+保护袋+无菌戴+铅封steel drum+plastic bag+aseptic bag+seal
E、液袋+铅封one way flexi bag+seal
F、罐箱+铅封tanker+seal
G、木箱+保护袋+无菌戴+铅封wooden box+plastic bag+aseptic bag+seal
H、铁箱+保护袋+无菌戴+铅封 steel box+plastic bag+aseptic bag+seal
4、现在质量水平(Quality level of present)
(1)、和国际接轨,符合各进口国的法规
(2)、先进企业的水平达到了世界同行业的平均水平
5、发展趋势(Development Trend)
(1)、采用一流设备use developed equipments
(2)、传统工艺和现代工艺结合,使色值稳定combine with traditional process and modern process to make the color stable
(3)、多种包装方式,满足客户不同需求multiple package style, meet the requirements of customers
(4)、更有效的消除耐酸耐热菌的工艺more effective process to eliminate TAB
(5)、更好风味的果汁better flavor juice
(6)、更有营养的果汁better nutrient juice
6、持续改进的过程(process of improvement continuously)
(1)、从1982年到目前为止,中国浓缩苹果清汁总的质量发展趋势:
up to present since 1982, the development trend of the quality of chinese apple juice concentrate is as following:
(2)、通过少量的理化指标和少量的微生物指标来评价产品质量
(3)、通过系统性的食品安全质量管理体系从理化指标、微生物指标(耐酸耐热菌)、食品安全指标(棒曲霉素、农残、致病菌)全面地逐步提高产品质量。
Improved quality of apple juice concentrate roundly step by step by
(4)、通过客户的要求,并且在客户的帮助下,产品质量得到了不断地提高
by the requirements and the help from the customers, the quality of product is improved continuously.
(5)、质量不断地提高,产量不断地扩大,效率提高,市场份额在增加
quality is improved continuously , production is increased continuously, efficiency is imporved, market share is increased.
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