第七单元 名词性从句讲解
1.主语从名
1) ______ does not necessarily mean that he is a noble-minded person.
A. For the reason that he is a learned man B. Just because he is a learned man C. The reason that he is a learned man
D. That he is a learned man
[精解] 答案是D。从本句结构看,所缺的部分是主语,而从四个选项看主语部分是个从句,因此就要选择一个符合本句意义的主语从句。选项A是一个定语从句,选项B是原因状语从句,选项C是含有定语从句的主语,但缺连词,而且从句中reason之后应由why来引导。只有选项D是由that引导的主语从句。例子如:That we need more equipment is quite obvious.(我们需要更多的设备是很显然的。)
[译文]一个博学的人不一定就说明他是个思想高尚的人。
2) ______ astrology and alchemy may be regarded as fundamental aspects of though is indicated by their apparent universality .
A. Both are B. What both C. Both D. That both
[精解] 答案是D。从本句结构看,本句是个主从复合句,而且连接的是主语从句。连接词后面还应有个和and一起连接并列名词的连词,在四个选项中符合上述要求的有选项B和D。而根据句的意思,选项B不符合本句的意思,因此应选D。That引导的是主语从句,且不能省略,both和and连接两个并列的名词astrology和alchemy。
[译文] 占星术和炼金术可能被认为是思维活动的基本方面,两者明显的共性可以说明这一点。
3) This article will show you ______ can be used in other experiment . A. how you have observed B. that you have observed
C. how what you have observed D. how that you have observed
[精解] 答案是C。从本句分析看,谓语show 后面应接一个宾语从句,而从四个选项来看,这个宾语从句中还包含一个主语从句。show后面的宾语从句通常由how来引导,表示“说明如何做某事”。而how从句中的主语从句由哪个词来引导要根据每句不同的意思来定。what除了作为连词可以引导主语从句以外,还有实际的意义,在本句中就是“所观察到的事情”的意思,而that就没有此意,因此答案要选择C。
[译文]这篇文章会告诉你如何把你所观察到的事物用于其他的实验。
4) One cannot be really happy if ______ he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
A.that B.how C.what D.where
[精解]答案是C。首先让我们分析一下本句的结构。本句的主句是One cannot be really happy.if引导一个条件状语从句,在这个条件状从句中还包含一个主语从句。四个选项都可以引导主语从句,这就要根据句子的意思来选择。本句的主语从句是“他喜欢做的事情„„”,因此要选择由what引导的主语从句。例如:What you are doing seems very important. (你正在做的事情似乎非常重要。)
[译文]如果一个人喜欢做的事情不被社会重视,而被认为是没有价值或不重要的话,他
就不可能真正感到愉快。
5) The notice says,“______ comes must put his name down.” A.Who B.Whoever C.Anybody D.Everyone
[精解]答案是B。从本句结构分析,引号里所缺的部分是一个主语,而且后面有两个动词,因此引号中肯定有一主语从句。四个选项中只有A、B可引导主语从句。而根据句子的意思是指“无论是谁”,因此选B“Whoever”比较合适,它相当于“anyone who\"。 [译文]通知上说,无论谁来都必须签上名字。
6) How the ______ fascinated the readers of the mystery. A.crime solved the detective B.detective solved the crime C.crime D.crime solved
[精解]答案是B。从句子结构和提供的选项来看,本句是个主从复合句,how引导的是个主语从句,意思是“如何„„”。例如:How some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.(某些哺乳动物最初是怎样开始在大海中生活的还是个谜。)
[译文]侦探是如何解决这个犯罪案件的,吸引了对此有神秘感的读者。
7) ______ is of no concern to me.
A.It rains or not B.If or not rains
C.Whether it rains or not D.Will it rain [精解]答案是C。从句子结构和所提供的选项看,本句是个包含主语从句的主从复合句,四个选项中只有C是由whether引导的主语从句,和“or not\"连用。例如:It matters little whether we go or not.(我们去不去无关紧要。)
[译文]天下不下雨与我无关。
8) There is an army of ants sharing our lunch with us would come to my attention sooner or later .
A B C D
[精解]A错,应将A改为“That there”。从句子有两套主谓结构来看,本句是个主从复合句,而且这个从句是主语从句。这个主语从句应由连接词that引导。在本句中that虽然只起连接作用,本身并没有意义,但不能省略。例如:That shelley became a poet may have been due to his mother’s influence.(雪莱成为诗人可能是受他母亲的影响。)
[译文]一大群蚂蚁正在分享我们的午餐。这件事迟早会引起我的注意。
9) It is inconceivable if aggression against the small republic would not be met with the
A B C
full force of her allies' military power. D
[精解]A错,应将A改为that。从句子结构来看,it在句中作形式主语,而真正的主语是“it is inconceivable”后面的that引出的从句。例如:It is known to all of us that the technique of automation has been widely applied to production.(我们大家都知道,自动化技术已经广泛应用到生产上了。)
(译文]入侵这个小共和国而不遭到她的盟军的全力反击是不可思议的。
2.宾语从句 ,
1) To try to give an idea of what it is like I shall start with______ . There is no hunger there. A.which isn't in China B.what there isn't in China
C.that there isn't in China D.that what there isn't in China [精解]答案是B。从句子结构看,本句是个复杂的主从复合句。“To try to „”是不定式短语作目的状语,of后面是由what引导的介词宾语从句。主句部分是“I shall start with „”。在介词with之后应接一个宾语从句。四个选项中,A、C、D中的that和which都可以引导宾语从句,但不符合句意,应排除。根据本句的意思,填入的从句应表达“我将从中国所没有的那些东西人手”,故选项B最合适。在以what引导的主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句中,what意思相当于“the thing(s) which”,即先行词与关系代词合为一体,所以在what前后不再用关系代词。
[译文]要说明中国今天是什么样子,我这是从中国所没有的说起。中国没有饥饿。
2) The young should not only learn the basics of Marxist theories and modern science and
technology,they need also to apply ______ they learn in the interest of society . A.that B.which C.those D.what
(精解]答案是D。从本句结构来看,apply后面接的应是宾语从句。选项A(that)和选项B(which)虽然都可以引导宾语从句,但在意思上不符。选项C(those)不能引导从句。what引导宾语从句,表示“所„„的事物(或人)”,what=“that which”或“those which”。
[译文]青年人应该不仅学习马克思主义的基本理论和现代科学技术,还要把所学的东西运用到社会利益方面。
3) Many people find it very difficult to act on ______ they know,for to act is to be committed,
and to be committed is to be in danger。
A. what B.where C.that D.which [精解]答案是A。what引导一个宾语从句在句中作介词on的宾语。where虽然可以引导宾语从句,但此处不能作介词的宾语,而且句意不通。that虽然可作介词宾语,但与本句意思不符。which也可以引导宾语从句,但此处“on which they know”句意不通,故只有what作连词引导的宾语从句是正确的。
[译文]很多人发现他们很难按所了解的事情做事,因为这样做就是干蠢事,而且干蠢事就会很危险。
4) She is pleased with ______ you have given her and a11 that you have told her。
A.that B.which C.what D.a11 what
[精解]答案是C。介词with后面是一个宾语从句。选项A(that),选项B(which)都可以引导宾语从句,但与本句意思不符。选项D(a11)后面不能用what,只能用that作它的定语,what引导的从句表示“所„„的事物”,在此句中是指“你给她的东西”。类似的用法又如:Never trust another with what you should do yourself.(自己应亲自去做的事,万不可委托他人。)
[译文]她对你所给她的东西和你所告诉她的事情感到高兴。
5) When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings the girl brought out
the cheaper ones,______ she had arranged with James. A.the which was what B. what was that C.which was what D.that was that
[精解]答案是C。从本句的结构和所提供选项来看,本句是个多重复合句,when引导
的是个时间状语从句,逗号后面是个非限定性定语从句,在这个从句中还包含一个表语从句。四个选项中只有C是正确的。which引导非限定性定语从句,what引导表语从句。选项A中多冠词the,选项B和D中主语what和that都不能引导非限定性定语从句。
[译文]当他们走进商店要看结婚戒指时,那位女售货员拿出了较便宜的那种,这是她 跟詹姆斯事先安排好的。
6) He asked me ______ .
A.had l recieved the check and cashed it
B.whether l had received the check and whether l had cashed it C.whether l had recieved or not the check and if so,did l cash it D.if I had received the check and did l cash it
[精解]答案是B。本句的谓语动词ask可接双宾语,即ask sb.sth.,而且me之后是一个宾语从句。whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但要注意宾语从句是正常的陈述句的语序。选项A缺连接从句的连词,而且语序不对。选项C “whether or not” 的位置不对,应置于主语I之前。例如:The teacher asked me whether or not l had finished my work.(老师问我是否已经完成了作业。)而且选项C后半句的语序不对。选项D(and)后面的句子不该用倒装句。 .
[译文]他问我是否已经收到了支票,是否已兑成了现金。
7) He could not find out ______ the capital of the country lay in the coastal area or in the mountains.
A.that B.whether C. where D.wherever
[精解]答案是B。从句子结构看,本句是个主从复合句(有两套主谓结构)。所填入的连接词引导的是“find out ”的宾语从句,而且要和or连用,选项A、C、D虽然都可引导宾语从句,但都不能与or连用,因此选B。
[译文]他弄不清楚那个国家的首都是在沿海地区还是在山区。
8) Scientists are interested in finding out ______ the earth's temperature is beginning to rise . A.if or not B. whether or no C.whether or not D.whichever or not
[精解]答案是C。从句子结构看,本句是个主从复合句。“finding out ”后面需要接一个介词宾语从句。四个选项中只有选项C(whether or not )能够引导介词的宾语从句。例如: The teacher asked me whether or not I had finished my work. (老师问我是否已经完成了我的功课。) 选项A中if不能与“or not ” 搭配并引导从句。选项B和D都不能彼此搭配使用。
[译文]科学家们对查明地球温度是否在上升的问题感兴趣。
9) Many principles of jet propulsion apply regardless of ______ air or water is the fluid used. A. which B.whether C.that D.either
[精解]答案是B。whether在介词of后面,引导一个介词宾语从句,而且它常与or连用,表示“是„„还是„„”。whether引导介词宾语从句,如:There is some doubt as to whether the document is genuine. (关于这份文件是否是真实的还有些怀疑。)选项A(which)虽然可以引导介词宾语从名,但它不能与or连用。 that可以引导宾语从句,但不能与or连用,选项D(either)虽然可以和or连用,但也不能引导从句。
[译文]不论所用的流体是空气还是水,很多喷气推进的原理都适用。
10) Take ______ much you want and ______ you want to .
A. however … when B. wherever … how C. however … whenever D. however … whoever
[精解]答案是C。从本句结构看,take后面是两个并列的宾语从句,第一个宾语从名在连接词后面有一个形容词much,所以第一个连词应是however,表示“无论多少”。由于有关and连接,第二个连词也应是“-ever”的形式,联系本句的动词take,选项whenever合适,因此答案应该是C。
[译文]你想拿多少就拿多少,什么时候拿都行。
11) They always give the vacant seats to ______ comes first . A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever
[精解]答案是C。whoever是连接代词,相当于“anyone who”,引导名词性从句。在本句中whoever引导的宾语从句作介词to的宾语,而且whoever在宾语从句中作主语,因此不能用它的宾格whomever。因为主句当中有一个副词always,所以用whoever.(无论是谁)比选项A(who)意思更恰当。同样,选项B(whom)是宾格,不能作主语,不能选用。例如:We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever helped us.(凡是帮助过我们的,我们都写去了感谢信。)
[译文]他们经常把空座给那些先来的人。
12) I have no doubt ______ he will overcome a11 his difficulties. A.whether B.when C.that D. if
[精解}答案是C。在肯定句中,doubt的宾语从句由if或whether引导。在否定句中则由that引导。从本句结构分析,doubt后面是宾语从句,而且前面有一否定词no,相当于一个否定句,因此答案选C。选项A和D用于肯定句中,选项B不符合语法。 [译文]我毫不怀疑他可以克服所有的困难。
13) I doubt ______ it is true.
A. that B. which C.what D.whether
[精解)答案是D。从本句结构分析,doubt后面是一个宾语从句,在肯定句中,doubt的宾语从句由if或whether引导;在否定句中,则由that引导。本句是一个肯定句,因此选D,选项A(that)用在doubt的否定句中,选项B(which)可以引导宾语从句,但句意不通。选项C虽然可用于宾语从句,但不能用在doubt的宾语从句中,而且句意不通。
[译文]我怀疑这是否是真的。
14) I know nothing about our teacher ______ he's been teaching for years. A.besides B. except C.but D.except that
(精解]答案是D。that可以引导介词宾语从句,但只限于以下介词:except,in,but,besides和save ( 除„„之外 )。本句中的从句,选择D ( except that ) 符合语意和语法。其它几个介词都不能引导从句。
[译文]除了知道我们老师教过很多年书以外,我对他一无所知。
15) Botanists are not sure where the first plant was grown or even ______ . A.what plant was B.it was what plant
C.what plant was it D.what plant it was
[精解]答案是D。一些表语性的形容词如alarmed、disappointed、amazed、astonished、certain、glad、pleased、sad、shocked、sure、surprised、worried等作表语时,后面也可跟宾
语从句。本句中的形容词sure作系动词are的表语,它的后面跟两个并列的宾语从句,一个是由where引导的宾语从句,第二个是由what引导的宾语从句。选项A缺成分,选项B和C的语序不对。只有D填入后结构正确,意义完整。还有类似的用法,例如:I am not sure whether she will be able to overcome the difficulties all by herself.(我不敢肯定她能不能完全靠自己克服这些困难。)
[译文]植物学家不敢肯定第一种植物生长在什么地方,甚至不知道它是什么植物。
16) No one was sure ______ Ron would come to the party or not.
A.why B. when C.whether D.what time
[精解]答案是C。从句子结构看,本句是个主从复合句。sure在句中作表语,有—些表语性的形容词,如amazed、annoyed、glad、proud、sure、surprised等作表语时,后面可跟宾语从句。在四个选项中,只有whether可以和句子后面的“or not\"连用,引导宾语从句。
[译文]没有人能够肯定罗恩是否能来参加晚会。
17) During the Renaissance, society held quite different ideas about education for women A B C
to what we think today. D
[精解]D错,应将D改为\"from what\"。what引导的宾语从句在此处作介词的宾语,而本句中的介词与主句的形容词different相关,构成“different from”短语,意思是“与„„不同”。
[译文]在文艺复兴时期,社会上对妇女教育的观点与我们现在的观点截然不同。 18) Such schools are well-equipped and pay their teachers a decent salary to go with
A B that is a demanding job requiring expertise and energy.
C D
[精解]C错,应将C改为what。本句结构中主语是“such schools”。谓语包括两部分,第一部分是系表结构“are well-equipped\",第二部分是“pay„”。“to go with„”是不定式短;语作目的状语,在这个目的状语中有一个介词with的宾语从句。that可引导介词宾语从句,但只限于介词except、in、but、besides和save(除„„之外),它不能引导介词with的宾语从句,因此应改为what。
[译文]那样的学校设备良好并付给教师高额工资,以便和这份对专业知识和干劲要求:都很高的工作相匹配。
19) If it was her intention to have him admire or to ask him to carve it, there was no time to ask. A B C D
[精解] A错,应将A改为whether。whether常和or连用,表示“是„„还是„„”。本句的正常语序为“There was no time to ask whether it was her intention to have him admire or to ask him to carve it”因此whether引导的是宾语从句。例如:I wonder whether he will go himself or whether he will send you.(我不知他要亲自去还是派你去。)又如:He does not know whether to work or play.(他不知工作好呢,还是玩耍好。)
[译文]不知她是想让他夸奖它呢还是请他去雕琢它,没有时间去问了。
20) They asked us ,Helen and me ,that we thought the field of education needed new
A B C D
ideas and fresh leaders.
[精解] C错,应将C改为whether或if。首先分析一下本句结构:主语是they,谓语是:asked us作间接宾语,“Helen and me”是us的同位语,后面是一个宾语从句。从句子的意思来看,连接此宾语从句的是一个间接疑问句,含有“是否”的意思,因此应由whether或if引导。同样的用法例如:I asked him if English is his major subject.(我问他英语是否是他的主修科目。)I don't know whether she will be able to come.(我不知道她是否能够来。)
[译文]他们问我和海伦,是否我们也认为教育领域需要新的思想和有生气的领导人。
21) I don't know that you can recognize her from here, but the girl reading the newspaper is Susan.
A B C D
[精解] A错,应将that改为if或whether。从句子结构看,A处是个引导宾语从句的连词,that虽然可以引导宾语从句,但根据本句的意思是“我不知道你是否能认出她”,因此用if或whether符合本句意思。又如:I'm not sure if the needing will be held as scheduled.(我不能肯定会议是否能如期举行。)
[译文]我不知道你是否从这里认出她,那个正在读报纸的女孩就是苏珊。
22) Billy is confident which he will be able to pass the final examination though he has been ill A B C for nearly a month .
D
[精解]A错,应将A改为that。因为形容词confident作系动词is的表语,后面跟的是宾语从句。which虽然也可以引导宾语从句,但which在从句中有意义,也作句子成分;而that引导的宾语从句,that没有意义,也不作句子成分。一些表语性的形容词,如amazed、annoyed、astonished、certain、confident、disappointed、glad、pleased、proud、sad、shocked、sure、surprised、worried等,作表语时后面可以跟宾语从句。
[译文]尽管比利病了近一个月,但他很自信,认为他能通过期末考试。
23) The mother decided that the children could go for a quick swim ,but be back no later than six o'clock .
A B C D [精解] C错,应将“be back”改为“that they should be back”。从本句结构来看,“The mother”是主语,谓语是decided,decided后面带有两个由but连接的宾语从句,由于but是并列连词,它两边应是同等成分,第一个宾语从句是由that引导,那么第二个宾语从句也同样应由that来引导,又因为第二个从句中缺少主语,应补充完整。
[译文}母亲决定孩子们可以去游一会儿泳,但应在六点钟之前回来。
24) It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health,
A B
wealth and happiness to elements with whom very names the general public are unfamiliar. C D
[精解]C错,应将C改为whose。本句结构中It在句中作形式主语,而真正的主语是不定式“to say„”。that引导一个宾语从句,而且这个宾语从句中还包含一个介词宾语从句,
其连词在这个介词宾语从句中作定语,修饰“very names”,whom不能作定语,因此改为whose。
[译文]也许这样说并不夸张,——我们将很快把我们的健康、财富和幸福毫不犹豫地交付给那些大众并不熟悉的元素的名字上。
3.表语从句
1) In 1911,a scientist in Poland found______ beriberi was occuring mostly in the Orient was that the peoples in these countries ate mainly white,Or polished rice.
A.the reason why that B. that the reason why
C.that why the reason D.why the reason that
[精解]答案是B。从句子结构来看,本句是个复杂的主从复合句。动词found后面跟一个宾语从句,在这个宾语从句中,reason后面是why引导的定语从句。同时found的宾语从句中还有一个由reason作主语的表语从句。在这种情况下,这个表语从句应由that来引导。综合上述几个要求,选项B完全符合。
[译文]在1911年,波兰的一位科学家发现脚气病主要发生在亚洲的原因是这些国家的人们以白米或精米为主食。
2) A major problem in the construction of new buildings ______ .
A.is that windows have been eliminated while air conditioning systems have not been perfected
B.is they have eliminated windows and still don't have good air conditioning C.is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners don't work good
D.is dependent on the fact that while they have eliminated windows,they are not capable to produce efficient air conditioning systems
[精解]答案是A。本句应是由that引导的表语从句加以补充,使句子结构正确,意义完整。这个that虽起连接作用,但不能省略。选项B缺少that,选项c中,because虽然也可引导表语从句,但通常只用在\"this(that,it)is because„”结构中,选项D语意不清。
[译文]新楼建设的一个主要问题是窗户减少,而空调系统尚未完善。
3) The darkest hour in any man's life is ______ he sits down to plan how to spend money without earning it .
A.when B.where C.how D.what
[精解]答案是A。系动词is后面跟的是表语从句。表语从句也可用下列连接词引导:how(„„方法),when(„„何时),where(„„地方),why(„„原因),what(„„东西)。根据本句的意思,应选用when表示“„„何时”。
[译文]对所有人来讲,生活中最黑暗的时刻就是坐下来计划如何花钱却还没有办法挣到钱。
4) A more important question is ______ these ideas are well or ill founded. A.what B.when C.how D.whether
[精解] 答案是C。本句是个表语从句,选用哪个连接词要根据句子的意思来确定。本句应选用whether,意思是“是否”。下面给出的是由whether引导的表语从句:What we want to know is whether these goods come up to the standard.(我们想知道的是这些货物是否合乎标准。)
[译文]一个更重要的问题是这些意见是毫无根据的还是有充分理由的。
5) If you keep repeating the word, it sounds as if it ______ from the language of bullfrogs . A.had been taken B.was taken
C. is taken D.might have been taken [精解] 答案是A。“as if”在本句中引导表语从句,意为“就像„„似的”。“as if”从句可以使用陈述语气陈述事实,也可以使用虚拟语气表示假定。从上下文中可看出本句是表示虚拟假设。表示与现在事实相反的假设时,动词用were;表示与过去事实相反的假设,动词用过去完成时,四个选项中只有选项A符合语法,表示与过去事实相反。
[译文]如果你持续重复这个词,它听起来就像来自牛蛙的语言。
6) With the development of the computers,it is ______ man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind .
A.that B.as if C.1ike D.as
[精解] 答案是B。从句子结构来看,所要填入的是一个连接表语从句的连词。四个选项中能够引导表语从句的连词只有选项A和B,而从本句的意思上看,用that不通,因此选用“as if”。“as if”引导表语从句意为“就像„„似的”。另外,“as if”引导从句既可表示真实的情况,也可指纯属假定的情况。表示假定情况的如:You look as if you didn't care.(你看起来好像并不在意。
[译文] 随着计算机的发展,人似乎已经变成了精神上的百万富翁。
7) It looks ______ it's going to rain.
A.that B.as C.as if D.1ike that
[精解]答案是C。从本句结构来看,looks为系动词,后面跟的是个表语从句。在四个选项中,选项A和C都可以引导表语从句,但用that不符合本句的意思,下面给出的是that引导的表语从句:What's troubling me is that l don't have much experience in this kind of work,(使我苦恼的是我做这种工作经验不足。)“as if”引导表语从句,意为“就像„„似的” ,例如:You look as if you didn't care.(你看起来好像并不介意。)
[译文]看起来天要下雨了。
8) One sign that you are making progress in an art such as painting or photography is A B C when you begin to realize how much there is to learn.
D
[精解] D错,应将when改为that。从本句结构看,是一个复杂的主从复合句。“one sign”后面的that引导的是一个定语从句,is后面应是一个表语从句,realize之后是一个how引导的宾语从句。在没有疑问含义的情况下,表语从句应由that引导。when也可用来引导表语从句,但表示“„„的时候”,用于本句,不合句意。
[译文]你在艺术方面,如绘画和摄影,正在取得进步的一个迹象就是你开始意识到有好多东西要学。
9) Where the children play is where intended they to put a good store, but I don't know when or how soon .
A B C D [精解] B错,应将B改为they intended。从本句结构看,主语是一个由where引导的主
语从句,系动词is之后是由where引导的宾语从句,宾语从句的语序应是主语在前,谓语在后。下面给出的是where引导的表语从句:That is where you are mistaken.(那就是你错误的所在。)
[译文]孩子们玩的地方就是他们打算建一个好商店的地方。但是我不知道什么时候用多长时间才能建成。
10) The reason for my long absence from class was because I was ill for 2 weeks. A B C D
[精解] D错,应将D改为that。本句的主语是reason,was后边是它的表语从句。在英语语法中,若主语是“the reason”,其表语从句要用that来引导。例如;The principal reason for the great amount of smog is that there are too many factories in the areas.(此地有大量的烟雾,其主要原因是这个地区工厂太多。)
[译文]我长期没来上课的原因是我病了两周。
11) The reason teenagers tend to follow the trend while openly declaring themselves nonconformists is
A B C
because they are really insecure. D
[精解]D错,应将D改为that。此处不能用because,表语从句可以用because引起,但通常只用在“this(that,it)is because„”结构中。本句的主语是reason,这时它的表语从句用that引导,通常是对主语起解释和阐明的作用,故that不能省略。
[译文]青少年倾向于追随潮流,公开宣称自己是不合规范的人,其原因是他们确实是缺乏自信心的。
4.同位语从句
1) ______ that a society like the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children is still needed in a civilized country?
A.How does it come about B.How does it come C.How did to come about D.How did it come
[精解]答案是C。本句的结构是这样的:主句是\"How did it come about\",意思是“那是怎么发生的” ;that引导的是一个同位语从句,与it同位。此处that不可能引导宾语从句,因为that引导介词宾语从句,只限于以下介词:except,in,but,besides和save(除„„之外)。而且从句子意思来看,that从句和主句说的是同一件事,只不过是进一步说明一下。从整个句子意思来看,主句用过去时较为合适,说明事情发生过了。选项,A时态不对,选项B和D语意不通,而且B的时态也不对。
[译文]这是怎么回事,在一个文明国家里,还需要有像国家防止对儿童暴力这样的组织?
2) The question ______ he should confess it or not troubled him greatly.
A.that B.if C.whether D. how
[精解]答案是B。同位语从句紧跟在一个名词之后,进一步说明这个名词的内容。同位语从句可以由that引导,也可由whether、how、why、where、when等来引导。本句主语question后面的从句是进一步说明question的内容,而且从句中还包含“or not”,通常与whether连用。例如:Then arose the question where we were to get the machines need .(这时就产生了这样
一个问题:我们到哪儿去找需要的机器。)
[译文]使他非常烦恼的一个问题是:他是否应该坦白。
3) The fact that space exploration has increased dramatically in the past thirty years ______ . A.is an evidence of us want to know more of our solar system B.indicates that we are very eager to learn a11 we can about our solar system C. how we want to learn more about the solar system
D. is pointing to evidence of our intention o know a lot more about what is called our solar system
[精解)答案是B。本句主语是“the fact”,谓语是indicates。第一个that引导的是同位语从句,对fact作进一步说明。indicates后面是that引导的宾语从句。在某些名词,如idea、fact、rumour、news、hope,belief、thought、doubt等后面的从句,通常都是同位语从句。例如:The fact that the prisoner was guilty was plain to everybody.(犯人有罪这一点是人人都看得清楚的。)
[译文]在过去30年里,对大空的探索有了戏剧性增长,这一事实表明了我们非常渴望了解太阳系的一切。
4) The first advantage lies in the fact ______ he has been a teacher for many years. A.in which B.which C.in that D. that
[精解]答案是D。在某些名词(如:idea,fact,rumour,news,hoped,belief,thought,doubt等)后的从句,由that引导并对该名词的具体内容作了说明的叫同位语从句。例如:I had no idea that you were here.(我不知道你也在这儿。)又如:We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again. (我们表示希望他们再次访问中国。)同位语从句的that仅起连接作用,无词意,也不作句子成分。which不能引导同位语从句。选项C“in that”相当于一个原因状语。
[译文]第一个优势在于他已经当过好多年教师这一事实。
5) The announcement which all flights were cancelled because of bad weather A B C greatly distressed the waiting passengers. D
[精解] A错,应将A改为that。从结构和意思来看,announcement后面的从句是进一步说明这个名词的,因此是个同位语从句。同位语从句可由that引导,也可以由whether、how、why、where、when等引导。which不能引导同位语从句。
[译文]通告说所有班机因气候不好而取消,这使候机的旅客大失所望。
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