得生线广东技术师范学院
超答装
2014—2015 学年度第( 2 )学期期末考试试卷
过题科 目：语言学
（A）卷
考试形式：闭卷 考试时间: 120 分钟 系别、班级： 姓名： 学号：
此不考订 题 目 标准分数 实得分数 评卷人 一 10 二 10 三 10 四 10 五 10 六 10 七 15 八 15 九 10 总分 100 一 Choose one that best completes the statement. (1%×10=10%)
1) As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not
to lay down rules for \"correct\" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A. prescriptive B. sociolinguistic C. descriptive D. psycholinguistic 2) Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.
A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords 3) The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.
A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic 4) The sentence structure is ________.
A. only linear B. only hierarchical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical
5) In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because ___________.
A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue D. All of the above
6) ______ is not a suprasegmental feature.
A. Aspiration B. Intonation C. Stress D. Tone 7) A historical study of language is a ____ study of language.
A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative 8) The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite
9) A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.
A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural
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10) Which of the following is not true?
A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form. C. Sense is abstract and de-contextualized.
D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.
二 Give the IPA symbols for the sounds that correspond to the descriptions below.: (2%×5=10%) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 三
voiceless dental fricative voiced postalveolar stop voiceless glottal fricative high back rounded vowel mid central unrounded vowel
Use an example to illustrate the kind of morphemes. (2%×5=10%)
Example: a prefix: en- in enlarge 16) a derivational affix: 17) an inflectional affix: 18) a bound root:
四 Sense relations. (2%×5=10%)
19) an infix: 20) a stem:
Classify the following pairs of antonyms as complementary, relational, or gradable. 21) same – different 24) pass – fail 22) greater than – less than 25) love – hate 23) good – bad
五 Of the following pairs of sentences, say whether A entails B in each case. (2%×5=10%) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 六
A. John cooked an egg. B. John boiled an egg. A. John boiled an egg. B. John cooked an egg. A. I saw a boy. B. I saw a person. A. John stole a car. B. John took a car. A. His speech disturbed me. B. His speech deeply disturbed me.
Indicate which maxim is violated in the following exchanges and which implicature is raised. (2%×5=10%)
31) A: Do you know where Salwa is?
B: I was supposed to have lunch with her, but she didn’t come. 32) A: I am the top of my class.
B: Yeah, and I am the queen of England! 33) A: How many children do you have?
B: I have three children. 34) A: Where does Joe live?
B: Either Kalamazoo or Grand Rapids. 35) A: Where are you going?
B: Out.
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七 Phonological rules (15%)
In Micmac, an Algonquian language which is spoken by about 7,000 people in eastern Canada, the phoneme /p/ has the allophones [p] and [b]. Study the data below and generate a phonological rule to account for the changes. [pis] 'flea' [sipsulk] 'to cause trembling' [sabus] 'pierced' [tibol] 'it falls' [talsip] 'when' [sebai] 'to hunt' [walpok] 'pool' [alispei] 'to be wet' [ababo] 'thread' [pabi] 'play' [kalibu] 'caribou' [apsem] 'to warm'
八 Morphological analysis(15%)
Analyze the Isthmus Zapotec data and do the following (Isthmus Zapotec is an Oto-Manguean language spoken in Oaxaca. Mexico, by about 85.000 speakers): palu 'stick' spalube 'his stick' spalulu 'your stick' ku:ba 'dough' skiubabe 'his dough' sku:balu 'your dough' tapa 'four' stapabe 'his four' stapalu 'your four' geta 'tortilla' sketabe 'his tortilla' sketalu 'your tortilla' bere 'chicken' sperebe 'his chicken' sperelu 'your chicken' doɁo 'rope' stoɁobe 'his rope' stoɁolu 'your rope' A. Identify the morphemes that correspond to the following English translations: 3%
possession (genitive): 3rd person singular: 2nd person plural
B. List the alternating pronunciations of the following: 2%
'tortilla': 'chicken': 'rope':
C. What conditions the alternation in pronunciation? 10%
九 The following sentence is structurally ambiguous. Please draw tow FULL TREES to show the
meaning differences? (5%×2=10%)
A very polite hostess greeted the girl with a smile.
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得生线广东技术师范学院
超答装
2014—2015 学年度第( 2 )学期期末考试答卷
过题科 目：语言学
（A）卷
考试形式：闭卷 考试时间: 120 分钟 系别、班级： 姓名： 学号：
此不考订 题 目 标准分数 实得分数 评卷人 一 10 二 10 三 10 四 10 五 10 六 10 七 15 八 15 九 10 总分 100 一 Choose one that best completes the statement. (1%×10=10%)
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
二 IPA symbols: (2%×5=10%)
11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 三 Use an example to illustrate the kind of morphemes. (2%×5=10%) 16) a derivational affix: 17) an inflectional affix: 18) a bound root:
四 Sense relations. Write complementary, relational or gradable: (2%×5=10%) 21) same – different: 22) greater than – less than: 23) good – bad:
24) pass – fail: 25) love – hate: 19) an infix: 20) a stem:
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五 Of the following, say whether A entails B in each case. (2%×5=10%) 26) 27) 28) 六 Implicatures. (2%×5=10%) 31) Maxim violated:
implicature: 32) Maxim violated:
implicature: 33) Maxim violated:
implicature: 34) Maxim violated:
implicature: 35) Maxim violated:
implicature:
七 Phonological rules (15%)
八 Morphological analysis (3%+2%+10%=15%)
A. possession (genitive):
3rd person singular: 2nd person plural
C. What conditions the alternation in pronunciation?
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29) 30) B. 'tortilla':
'chicken': 'rope':
九 The following sentence is structurally ambiguous. Please draw tow FULL TREE DIAGRAMS to show
the meaning differences? (5%×2=10%)
A very polite hostess greeted the girl with a smile.
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