人教版英语必修2课文翻译(Unit4)

WHAT’S IN A NAME? 名为何物？ The United Kingdom, Great 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英Britain, Britain, England—many 格兰——很多人对这些不同名称people are confused by what these 的含义感到困惑。如果这些名称different names mean. So what is 有区别的话，那么它们的区别何the difference between them, if 在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就any? Getting to know a little bit 可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 about British history will help you solve this puzzle. In the 16th century, the nearby 十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英country of Wales was joined to the 格兰王国。随后，在十八世纪，Kingdom of England. Later, in the 苏格兰加入了进来，从而诞生了18th century, the country Scotland 大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱was joined to create the Kingdom 尔兰王国加入，一起组成了大不of Great Britain. In the 19th 列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，century, the Kingdom of Ireland 在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离was added to create the United 了联合王国，形成了我们如今所Kingdom of Great Britain and 看到的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, 兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用the southern part of Ireland broke 简称：“联合王国”。联合王国的away from the UK, which resulted 人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联in the full name we have today: the 合王国也经常被称为英国或大不United Kingdom of Great Britain 列颠。 and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. The four countries that belong to 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在the United Kingdom work together 某些领域紧密合作。像拥有相同in some areas. They use the same 的货币和国防一样，他们也使用flag, known as the Union Jack, as 同一面国旗（称为“英国国旗”）。well as share the same currency and 然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。military defence. However, they 例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰also have some differences. For 和北爱尔兰在教育和法律制度上example, England, Wales, 都存在着差异。它们也有各自的Scotland, and Northern Ireland all 传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本have different education systems 国菜肴。它们甚至拥有各自的足and legal systems. They also have 球队，参加像“世界杯”之类的赛their own traditions, like their own 事！ national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! The United Kingdom has a long 英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，and interesting history to explore, 等待你去探索，帮助你进一步了which can help you understand 解这个国家及其传统。英国历史much more about the country and 上有四个不同民族在不同历史时its traditions. Almost everywhere 期执掌这个国家。第一批是罗马you go in the UK, you will be 人，于公元一世纪进入英国。罗surrounded by evidence of four 马人的伟大成就在于他们建立城different groups of people who 镇和修建道路。之后是盎格鲁—took over at different times 撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英throughout history. The first group, 国。他们引入了英语的雏形，并the Romans, came in the first 改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维century. Some of their great 京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了achievements included building 许多新的词汇，并给英国境地内towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-的许多地方命名。最后一批是诺Saxons arrived in the fifth century. 曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯They introduced the beginnings of 战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。the English language, and changed 他们在四处修建城堡，并改革了the way people built houses. The 法律制度。诺曼人是法国人，因Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, 此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单and also the names of many 词。 locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. There is so much more to learn 英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学about the interesting history and 之处比比皆是。研究这个国家的culture of the United Kingdom. 历史将让你的英国之旅更加愉Studying the history of the country 快。以首都伦敦为第一站是一个will make your visit much more 不错的选择，因为伦敦是一个古enjoyable. The capital city London 老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯is a great place to start, as it is an 到罗马时代。这里有数不胜数的ancient port city that has a history 历史遗迹可供游览，还有许多博dating all the way back to Roman 物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文times. There are countless historic 物。在英国，历史与现代文化交sites to explore, and lots of 融，新旧传统并存。如果留心去museums with ancient relics from 观察，英国的过去和现在都将展all over the UK. The UK is a 示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。 fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.

BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS Ireland’s beautiful countryside has 一直以来，爱尔兰美丽的乡村对always had a great influence on its 其人民和传统产生着深远的影people and traditions. The country 响。爱尔兰有着孕育杰出作家和has a long history of producing 诗人的悠久传统。美丽的乡村给great writers and poets. Its 人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官beautiful countryside excites and 享受。“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光inspires all, offering something for 宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山each of the senses. The peaceful 连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” 一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。海边and its many green counties is a 波浪咆哮，海鸟鸣叫，奏响了海美丽的爱尔兰及其传统 true feast for the eyes, with its 岸交响乐。山里宁静的早晨，感rolling green hills dotted with 受阳光照在你身上，呼吸着鲜花sheep and cattle. And down by the 的芬芳，鸟儿用清晨的歌声来迎sea, the roar of the ocean waves and 接新的一天的到来。这般美景，cries of the seabirds make up the 造就了爱尔兰音乐、舞蹈及菜肴music of the coast. On a quiet 等独有的民间传统也就不足为奇morning in the mountains, feel the 了。要想体验这一切，可以去一sun on your skin, and breathe in the 家乡村酒吧，喝上一杯葡萄酒或sweet scent of fresh flowers while 本地的啤酒放松一下。更为美妙birds greet the new day with their 的是，可品尝美味的爱尔兰传统morning song. With all this beauty, 炖牛肉。如果运气好的话，你也it is not surprising that Ireland has 许还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞developed strong traditions that 蹈。向友善的当地人做个自我介include music, dancing, and dining. 绍，你定能亲身体验当地的文化To have a chance of experiencing 和习俗。 this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If you’re lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.