unit 1 leaning to learn
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
book 15 unit 1 (i)
学会用英语简单描述个人学习英语的困难、方法
二 教学重点和难点：
1. 情态动词may, might的用法
2. 连词if, unless, once 的用法
3. 词汇和词组
三. 具体内容：
（一）情态动词may, might的用法
may 可以表示没有把握的推测，意思是“可能”，但只能用于肯定句，might 表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。
may 还可以表允许或请求的意思，用might则语气更加委婉，客气。may 主要用于第一人称，而且要比用can正式的多。
may i ask you a question?
might i use your eraser for a while?
yes, please.
yes, you may.
no, you mustn’t.
no, you had better not.
no, you can’t.
（二）连词if, unless, once 的用法
e.g. if that is true, what should we do?
give me a call once you arrive at the airport.
once i finish my homework, i will call you.
i won’t remember new vocabulary unless i hear them.
从属连词：只能用来引导从句，不能引导词或词组。这些从属连词包括：that, when, till, after, before, since, if, because, though, although, so…that, so that…, as soon as, once…等。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。
1. 引导名词性从句的从属连词：
（1）that
he said (that) he would come.
that she is still alive is true.
（2）if 是否
i wonder if he is at home.
（3）whether是否
i asked him whether he would come.
2. 引导状语从句的从属连词：
（1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词：
i have lived in this city since i was born.
he came to china after the war was over.
the war had been over before he came to china.
（2）连接地点状语从句的从属连词：
where there is smoke, there is fire.
（3）连接让步状语从句的从属连词：
although/though japan is small, the population is big.
even if it was snowing heavily, we went on running.
（4）连接原因状语从句的从属连词：
i do it because i like it.
since you know all about it, tell me please.
as you are in poor health, you should not sit up late.
（5）连接目的状语从句的从属连词：
he works hard that/so that/ in order that he may pass the exam.
（6）连接条件状语从句的从属连词：
if it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.
he will come unless it rains.
once he comes back, i will let him call you.
（7）连接结果状语从句的从属连词：
he is so kind that everyone likes him.
（三）词组和词汇
1. have a hard time doing sth.= have difficulty in doing sth.
i have a hard time learning english.
2. make sb. adj.
it makes me crazy.
3. remember
i can’t remember the name of the film.
i don’t remember singing the contract.
4. forget
i am sorry. i’ve forgotten your name.
5. try to do
i tried to open the window but couldn’t.
6. a number of
a great number of people go traveling on holidays.
7. go over
let’s go over our plan once more.
8. concentrate on sth.
he should concentrate on his studies.
9. communicate with sb.
my mother has never communicated with me.
10. rather than
when i’m going out in the evening, i use my bike rather than the car.
（四）text
the ways to improve your memory:
1. review the information regularly.
2. use a colored pen to highlight the important parts on your book.
3. go over the information in the evening and in the morning.
different learning styles:
many people ask me “what’s the best way to learn?” to tell the truth, there isn’t one correct answer. different people have different learning styles, that is, they prefer different ways to learn. here is a list of different learning styles:
learning by rules: these people need to have rules and explanations to understand new material. once they find or are given a rule and use it, they’ll learn better.
learning by doing: these people will learn better if they have the chance to use their hands or body. they don’t like reading explanations. they like doing things more than just reading the information.
learning by seeing: these people can understand better once they see a picture, a table, or a real object. pictures or photos help them remember new material. when they try to remember the information, they will remember the picture or photo first.
learning by hearing: these people like to listen to sounds and voices rather than just see or read something. it is difficult for them to memorize the knowledge unless they listen to someone talk about it.
learning alone: these people prefer learning alone. they won’t feel comfortable unless they study in a quiet room. if they can relate the knowledge to themselves, they will learn faster.
learning with others: these people like to communicate with others. they like to work in groups. once they have a chance to discuss the subject with other people, they can understand it better. most people don’t use one learning style. they use different ways to learn. the only difference is that one person may prefer one style to another.
课堂练习：
一、补全句子。
1. 你学完材料后可能想要去复习它。
you want to the material after you learn it.
2. 有很多方法帮你提高记忆力。
there are ways to your memory.
3. 确定你理解了材料而不要去死记硬背。
you know about the material and don’t recite it
4. 一旦他们找到了或者给出了规则，他们就会学得更好。
they find or are given a rule and use it, learn better.
5. 除非他们听别人谈论这些知识，不然他们就很难记住这些知识。
it is difficult for them to memorize the knowledge they listen to someone talk about it.
二. 用if, once, unless 填空。
1. they learn using their hands, they will learn better.
2. let me know you’ve decided what to do.
3. he studies more, he won’t do well on the exam.
4. you’ll remember words better you learn them in a song.
5. i finish reading this book, i’ll lend it to you.
6. we won’t get there on time we hurry up.
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
book 15 unit 1 (ii)
学会简单描述个人学习语言的困难，方法和征询好的语言学习方法
二. 教学重点：
1. 连词的用法
2. 情态动词表达建议
3. 重点词汇和词组
三. 具体内容：
（一）1. 四个连词词组的使用：
（1）either … or … 或者……或者……，不是……就是……
这里有两个书包。你可以要红色的，也可以要黑色的。
here are two bags. you can take either the red one or the black one.
你可以给我打电话，也可以明天找我面谈。
you can either call me or speak to me tomorrow.
不是他就是他哥哥认识去那儿的路。
either he or his brother knows the way there
（2）both … and … 既……也，两者都
汤姆和吉姆都喜欢下棋。
both tom and jim like playing chess.
那个小男孩在艺术学校既学习音乐也学习舞蹈。
the little boy studies both music and dance at the art school.
她会唱歌也会跳舞。
she can both sing and dance.
（3）neither … nor … 既不……也不……
他们的表演既没有娱乐性也没有教育性。
their performance was neither entertaining nor educational.
他和他的父亲都不打算与警察对话。
neither he nor his father is going to talk to the police.
我爸爸和哥哥都不帮忙。
neither dad nor my brother helps.
（4）not only … but also … 不仅……而且……
那个三岁的小孩不仅会读书还会写字。
the three-year-old child can not only read but also write.
昨天李宏扫了地，还倒了垃圾。
yesterday li hong not only swept the floor but also took out the trash.
不仅那些工人们而且他们的老板都错了。
not only the workers but also their boss was wrong.
2. 并列连词的使用：
but, or, for, and, so
（1）and 表并列
she got up and fell down again.
（2）but 表转折
he is rich but unhappy.
（3）or 表选择
which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
（4）for, so表因果
he is absent, for he is ill.
it’s too dark, so i couldn’t see anything.
（二）情态动词表达建议
you can listen to a recording of the lesson.
you shouldn’t study everything in one night.
in this country, you have to drive on the left.
i think it might rain later this afternoon.
you mustn’t eat or drink in class.
建议：
you should know more about yourself.
you can read and listen to english a lot to improve your english.
you should listen to the teacher carefully in class.
其他方法：
why not…
why don’t you…
how about …
what about …
let’s…
（三）词汇和词组：
1. take charge
i take charge and lead the group.
2. think about
before you talk, you need to think it about.
3. read through
let’s read through the text.
4. look up
i have to look up the new words in the dictionaries.
5. be clear about
i’m not clear about the material.
6. find out
can you find out why he hurt his leg.
7. at the end of
go straight on, you will see the post office at the end of the road.
8. receive praise from sb.
i need to receive praise from my teachers, so i have confidence in myself.
9. practice doing sth.
you need to practice speaking english a lot.
10. the +比较级， the + 比较级
the harder you work, the better you learn.
11. get involved in 卷入，介入，涉及
去年这个国家卷入了战争。
the country got involved in the war last year
我卷入了一些莫名其妙的事情中。
i was involved in something i don’t understand.
12. be honest with sb/sth.
you should be honest with your learning.
（四）text: english learning tips
it may be difficult to only speak english during your english class, but it will help you learn faster. speak chinese only when it is really necessary and only if you have already tried several times to explain yourself in english. try to get involved in english activities, for example, watch english movies or join english book clubs. the more you hear and read english, the better! don’t feel embarrassed if you’re not sure about something in english. it’s okay to tell your teacher that you don’t know the answer. be honest with yourself and your teacher. finally, do your homework carefully. make a note of any exercises you don’t understand so you can ask your teacher about them the next class.
课堂练习：
i. 从所给连词中选择合适的，填入下列各句的空格内。
that, what, which, who, how, why, whether, when, how long, how many
1. i want to know _______ they are preparing for.
2. please tell him _______ the train will arrive. i want him to come to the station to meet me.
3. can you tell me _______ he will come or not?
4. i don’t know _______ he is always late. his house is not far away from here.
5. can you tell me _______ lesson is the most difficult in book v?
6. i don’t know _______ he could draw a picture in five minutes. he must have a good way.
7. he didn’t know ________ his mother was ill.
8. do you know _______ has broken the glass?
9. i don’t know _______ books he bought yesterday.
10. can you tell me ________ he is going to stay there?
ii. 用括号中适当的连词填空。
1. tom ____ (or, but, and) jim are brothers.
2. li ming doesn’t like oranges, ____ (for, but, or) emi does.
3. is this bag yours ____ (and, or, so) jane’s?
4. both nancy ____ellen play the piano.
5. either bill ____ (and, or, nor) tom ate the cake.
6. neither mike ____ (and, or, nor) rose likes english.
7. ________ (if, when, because) he came home, his father was watching tv.
8. i’ll visit my uncle _______ (when, if, after) it’s fine tomorrow.
9. bob stayed at home _______ (because, if, before) he was sick.
10. her mother tried to do something, _______ (so, because, but, that) she couldn’t do anything.
11. we can do great things for our town ______ (if, but, what, before) we work together.
12. i think you’ve learned a lot in china _______ (before, since, if, that) you came here.
13. go to see the doctor at once, ______ (or, and, so) your cold may get worse.
14. which do you like better, cats _____ (or, and, but) dogs?
keys:
i. 1. what 2. when 3. whether 4. why 5. which
6. how 7. that 8. who 9. how many 10. how long
ii. 1. and 2. but 3. or 4. and 5. or 6. nor 7. when
8. if 9. because 10. but 11. if 12. since 13. or 14. or
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