Ⅰ Objectives 1. Understanding the text 2. Mastery of some language points
3. Learning the possible dangers caused by pharmacy errors
4. Learn safe ways to use alternative and complimentary medicines Ⅱ Key points 1. Full understanding of the text 2. Explanation of some difficult words
3. Learning the ways to avoid the possible dangers caused by pharmacy errors Ⅲ Difficult points 1. Students may have never been aware of the seriousness of possible dangers caused by pharmacy errors
2. Some words might cause difficulty in students’ understanding of the text IV Time Arrangement passage itself.
Total class hours: three periods V Teaching procedures About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the
1. Title:
---Who is wrong? / Who is to blame for the pharmacy errors?
2. Warming-up Questions
(1)What would happen if the drug dispensed to you were not the proper one? Have
you ever experienced such things?
(2)If such things happened, who do you think is to blame?
3. Information Related to the Text (1) IMS Health
IMS HEALTH is the world's leading provider of information solutions to the
pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. With nearly 50 years of experience, they use leading-edge technologies to transform billions of pharmaceutical records
collected from thousands of sources worldwide into valuable strategic insights for our clients.
IMS HEALTH's market intelligence and analyses give customers the critical facts they need at every stage of the pharmaceutical life cycle - from the earliest stages of research and development through product launch, product maturation and patent expiration.
With more than 5,000 professionals in 100 countries - from Austria to Australia - from China to Costa Rica - from Saudi Arabia to Senegal - IMS HEALTH is a trusted healthcare-industry strategic partner, with thousands of customers and annual revenue in 2001 of $1.3 billion.
(2) U. S. Pharmacopeia
In pursuit of its mission to promote public health, USP establishes state-of-the-art standards to ensure the quality of medicines for human and veterinary use. USP also develops authoritative information about the appropriate use of medicines. National health care practitioner reporting programs support USP's standards and information programs. In addition, USP supports many public service programs.
(3) Careers in medicine in the US
To become a medical doctor in the US, one must attend four years of college and receive a bachelor’s degree, followed by four years of medical school. Then he becomes an intern in a hospital and receives supervised practical training. As an intern, he has to “make rounds” with other doctors, visiting hospital patients. He is supposed to help give special treatments and answer emergency calls in the hopital at any time of day or night. Finally he becomes a resident at a hospital. Like the intern, he learns by observing the work of others. But the resident has much more responsibility than the intern. He often assists experienced surgeons during operations. In an emergency, he may take over the work of the staff surgeon.
Internship and residency combined take three to five years, depending on one’s area of specialization. Hospitals have several interns and many residents on their staff. A resident who is completing his residency period and who thereby distinguished himself is selected to be chief resident, a position of greater responsibility.
(4) Three types of doctors
1. General practitioners 全科医生
2. Specialists 3. Researchers
4. Text analysis (1)Article Abstract:
Drug-dispensing errors are a common occurrence, requiring customers to be vigilant when having their prescriptions filled at pharmacies. These errors are attributed to understaffing and the consequent increase in workloads in the retail drug industry, coupled with rising prescription volume. Tips on how one's family can be protected from pharmacy errors are presented.
(4)passage division
Part I (para.1-8) By giving examples and providing statistics, the author point
out the seriousness of the drug dispensing errors.
Part I (para.9-31) Some ways on how to protect you family and yourself.
5. Key words and phrases
(1) pharmacy error/drug dispensing error (8)medical vendor (2) prescription (9) submit to (3) dose (10) oversight (4) awry (11) counsel (5) churn out (12) pharmacist (6) be attributed to (13) adverse effect (7) fatal (14) dearth
6. Language Notes
1. The new prescription that her mother, Peggie, had gotten filled at the Rite Aid in Rock Hill, S.C., was for Ritalin, a drug used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
（新处方上开的药是\"利他林\"，这是她母亲佩吉在南卡罗来纳州洛克山的\"莱特相助\"药店配的药，一种用来治疗注意力亢奋/不足的药。）
Prescription: an instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be issued with a medicine or treatment.
e.g. He scribbled a prescription for tranquillizer.
2. The pharmacy industry insists that worries over error rates are overblown. (配药业坚持认为对出错率的担忧被过分渲染。) Overblown: excessively inflated or pretentious. e.g. a world of overblown egos.
3. These third-party payers are imposing ever-lower reimbursement rates on pharmacies, which must churn out a high volume of prescriptions to keep profit margins up.
(这些第三方付款者使配药业得到的付还率持续走低，这必然造成为保持利润增长而大量配药。)
Churn something out: produce something routinely or mechanically, especially in large quantities.
e.g. Artists continued to churn out uninteresting works.
4. Against this backdrop, too many people are taking the prescription transaction for granted.
(在这种背景下，有太多的人想当然地看待配药。)
Backdrop: the setting or background for a scene, effect, or situation.
e.g. The conference took place against a backdrop of increasing diplomatic activities.
5.And there's no dearth of homework: new drugs are pouring into the market, stimulated by a 1992 program shortening the FDA's drug-approval times.
(而且，家庭作业是不会少的：在1992年缩减FDA药品批准时间的项目的促动
下，新的药品就如洪水般涌入了市场。) Dearth: a scarcity of lack of something. e.g. There is a dearth of evidence.
6. Nevada's board of pharmacy reprimanded Paxton's pharmacist, saying he should have warned her of the potential for allergic reaction.
(内华达配药业委员会对帕克斯顿的药剂师进行了斥责，认为他应该警告病人此药有可能导致过敏反应。)
Reprimand: rebuke, especially officially.
e.g. Officials were reprimanded or dismissed for poor work.
7. A jury levied an $810 000 judgment against the pharmacy. (陪审团判决药店赔偿81万美金。) Levy: impose a tax, fee, or fine.
e.g. There will be powers to levy the owners.
8. Of the 48 pharmacies using computers to flag adverse interactions, 29 percent had programs that failed to issue an alert.
(在48家使用计算机指明副作用的药店中，有29%的药店的程序没能给予警告。) Flag: mark for attention.
e.g. Problems often flag the need for organizational change.
9. Include over-the-counter pain or cold remedies, vitamins and herbal supplements. (这包括去痛和感冒药、维他命以及草本补给品等非处方药。)
Over-the-counter: by ordinary retail purchase, with no need for prescription or license. e.g. over-the-counter medicines
7. Questions for discussion
(1)What has resulted in pharmacy errors? What are the consequences of pharmacy errors?
(2) How can you protect yourself from pharmacy errors? And do you agree with the conclusion,” the ultimate responsibility of protecting himself rests with the consumer”? Why?
8. Exercises about the text 9.. Fast Reading & Exercises VI Homework. 1. Home reading: Hidden Dangers of Over the Counter Drugs 2. Preview Unit 7
Text 2
Hidden Dangers of Over the Counter Drugs
I. Information Related to the Text
1.The American Pharmaceutical Association
The American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA), the national professional society of pharmacists, was founded in 1852 and is the first established and largest
professional association of pharmacists in the United States. The more than 50,000 members of APhA include practicing pharmacists, pharmaceutical scientists, pharmacy students, pharmacy technicians, and others interested in advancing the profession.
The Association is a leader in providing professional information and education for pharmacists and an advocate for improved health of the American public through the provision of comprehensive pharmaceutical care.
2.The American Liver Foundation
The American Liver Foundation is a national, voluntary nonprofit organization dedicated to the prevention, treatment, and cure of hepatitis and other liver diseases through research, education and advocacy.
II. Language Notes
1. Here are some of the pitfalls. (以下列出的是一些误区)
Pitfall: a hidden or unexpected danger or difficulty.
e.g. Several pitfalls remain in the way of an agreement.
2. The pain would throb and pulsate, waking him out of a sound sleep and making him nauseated.
(这疼能疼得钻心，让他从熟睡中疼醒，然后呕吐。) Pulsate: produce a regular throbbing sensation or sound. e.g. a pulsating headache
3. \"This is the classic rebound headache,\" says Dr. Ninan T. Mathew, clinic director. (\"这是典型的复发性头疼，\" 诊所主任尼南·T·马休医生说。)
Rebound: the recurrence of a medical condition, especially after withdrawal of medication.
e.g. rebound hypertension.
4. Combining certain prescription drugs for the former and too much of an OTC drug for the latter may reduce the effectiveness of their blood-pressure medication.
(服用某些处方药治疗前者、大量使用某种OTC药治疗后者，这种结合治疗的办法会降低血压药的疗效。)
Medication: the use or application of medicines.
5. Later, when the ambulance came for him at his suburban Washington home, he was in a coma with liver failure.
（后来，当救护车赶到他在华盛顿郊区的家中时，他已经由于肝功衰竭而昏迷了。）
Coma: a state of deep unconsciousness that last for a prolonged or indefinite period, caused especially by severe injury or illness. e.g. A road crash left him in a coma.
6. Under a new FDA regulation, all pain-relief and fever-reducing products will carry labels warning anyone consuming more than three drinks per day to consult a doctor before taking the product. (根据 FDA的新规定，所有的止痛以及退烧药品上将附有标签，用以提醒每天喝三杯酒以上者在服用前需向医生咨询。)
In this sentence, \"warning anyone consuming more than three drinks per day to consult a doctor before taking the product\" modifies \"labels\"， \"consuming more than three drinks per day\" modifies \"anyone\".
7． Help for consumers is on the way.
（为消费者提供的帮助正在进行之中。） On the way: about to arrive or happen. e.g. there's more snow on the way.
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