高中定语从句详细讲解

高中定语从句详细讲解（一）定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：担当一个成分。例如：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who

指人，在定语从句中作主语。

正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

想

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 去博物馆的人必须在明晨

7点到大门口集合。

昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。那就是教我们物理的老师。

刘先生就是你们在公共汽车该句中，who is shaking hands

the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代A、引导定语从句；

B、代替先行词；

C、在定语从句中

that, which, who, whom, whose, as

等；关系

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2．whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 上谈论的那个人。

Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 的班长。注意：关系代词

whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用

who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 远。

He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 点意思也没有。

4．That 指人时，相当于宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 参观这座城市的人数达一百万。

Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?

我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？

who 或whom；指物时，相当于

which.。在定语从句中作主语或他喜欢外国作家写的书。

湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

这是他昨天买的钢笔。

他们昨晚看的电影一

足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很

The factory which makes computers is far away from here.

李明正是我想要见的男孩。

你正在等的教授已经来了。老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们

The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.

每年来

;..

.

The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 亚的信。

5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 家。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 里。

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.

你介绍给我的那个人很友好。春天以后的季节是夏季。

昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利

我拜访了一个全国知名的科学

他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。

我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.

The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous.

他曾经就读过的学校很出名。

Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.

Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.

这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。

我们将去听那位我们经常

We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。

The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.

The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.

我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，after, take care of 等。

This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking . 照看的小宝宝们都很健康。

The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. ２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. 是我的邻居。

The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.

(误)

物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用

（误）whose。

(正) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人

whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指

(误)

(正) 那个保姆

(正)

这是我正在找的手表。

介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

如：look for, look

+关系代词”引出。

The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.

;..

.

The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. 飞机实在很舒服。

The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有代词或者数词。如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 们俩待他都很好。

(正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的(误)

等

some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few

他深深地爱着他的父母，他

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 果，有些已经坏了。

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 有４０个学生，大多数来自大城市。

Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1．

when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 到这所学校的那一天。

The time when we got together finally arrived. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

篮子里有好些苹

我们班总共迄今为止，他

我仍然记得我第一次来

我们团聚的时刻终于到了。

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？2．

where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

上海是我出生的城市。

我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉

Shanghai is the city where I was born. 了。

I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 3．

why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

请告诉我你误机的原因。他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用如：

From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 长大后要做什么。

Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 城市正发生巨大的变化。

The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。

他为什么拒绝他们生活的

自从他在农村读小学时，

他就已经知道

;..

.

（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句

形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”关系词的使用上：非限制性定语从句

形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上：

A．不可省略

B．不用that

C．不可用who 代替whom

老师告诉我说汤姆

限制性定语从句举例：

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定语从句举例格。

China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 的，现在正变得越来越强大。

Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。（一）限制性定语从句中只能用1．当先行词是

定代词时，或当先行词受

that 引导定语从句的情况

除外), all, none, few, little, some等不

中国是1949年成立

：

他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严

中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.

A．作宾语时可省略

B．可用that

C．可用who 代替whom

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

everything, anything, nothing (something

every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：

李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

对他来说似乎世界上没有什

Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 么不可能的事。

All that can be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. 需的资料。

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词样的事。

There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.

所有能做的都做好了。我不能为你干什么。

He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.

who，如：

他呆在图书馆查找所

Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这

所有应邀来参加

All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 大本钟。

在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是

;..

.

3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 4．当先行词被

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词会议的人。5．当先行词前面有

who, which等疑问代词时。如：

站在门口的那个人是谁？哪件T恤衫最合我的身？

他们谈论着他们所

Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：

They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 能记起的在校时的人和事。

Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.毛驴。（二）关系代词1.

as和which 引导的定语从句

其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

这一点我们看得出来。

主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：众所周知，中国是发展中国家。

他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可约翰是个著名作家。

张华已去过巴黎十多which。如：汤姆老是迟到，这

who。如：

王华是我校唯一出席

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.

这是我看过的最好的电影。这正是我要买的词典。

家里发生了火灾过后，那

the very, the only修饰时。如：

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.

瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see.

as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：

他很诚实，

2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，As is known to all, China is a developing country. 以知道。

John, as you know, is a famous writer. 次了，这一点我不相信。

正如你所知，

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.

Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe. 注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用

Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 使得老师很恼火。

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 些桌子很重。

1. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.

as。如：

我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。

这些桌子是金属的，这使得这

He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词受句意思有区别。如：

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 一条连衣裙。

她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同

这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。

that引导定语从句，但与

as引导的定语从

the same 修饰时，偶尔也用

;..

.

She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.

(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由省略。如：

她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。in which或that引导，而且通常可以

他回答这些问题的方式

The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 令人惊奇。

I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. （四）关系代词与关系副词的选择

我不喜欢你冲她的样子。

用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：

A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 然景

色优美而闻名的地方。

我永远忘不了我们一我永远忘不了我们一

我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。

我知道一个以自

I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 起度假的日子。

I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.

起度过的日子。

C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。（五）but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：

There are very few but admire his talents.don’t）

（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是同位关系。

The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.

是开往巴黎的。

The fact that he has already died is quite clear.

事实很明了。

2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 成分。

The news that he told me is true.

真的。

The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (

我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。

The question that he raised puzzled all of us.

（定语从句）

他提出的问题让我们

（同位语从句）

定语从句)

（定语从句）

（同位语从句）

他告诉我的消息是真的。他刚刚去世了，这个消息是

The news that he has just died is true.

that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当（同位语从句）

他已经去世了，这个

（定语从句）

刚刚起飞的那架飞机

它与先行词是修饰关系；

同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，

很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（

but = who

这就是他被解雇的原因。

This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.

;..

.

很为难。

The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.

他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词

不能。如：

我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。

The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.

B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.

球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。

The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.

C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.

请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。

The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.

Exercises:

1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's. A the smallest

of which

B the smaller of which D the smallest one

C by that time

D by this time

D none of which

C the smallest of them A by the time A none of them happy life. A who

B whose

C in whose

D in which D that

5.There is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow. A whose B of A what

B that

which C it's C which

6.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.

D this

7.1)I have three children,and two of _____ are doctors. 2)I have three children, two of ____ are doctors.

8.There two thousand students in our school,____ are girls. A two-thirds in which A neither of them

B two-thirds in them

C two-thirds of them

D of whom two thirds

9.I have bought two ballpens,_____ writes well.

B none of them

C neither of which

D none of which

（1---6ABDCBC 7----9B DDC）特殊结构定语从句点击

1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected. A. like A. as

B. as B. that

C. that

D. which

2. I've never heard so interesting a story ________ you told me.

C. of which D. about which

3. I've seen the same film ________ you saw yesterday.

（同位语从句）

（同位语从句）

地

be发展成一个完整的句子

, 而定语从句则（同位语从句）（同位语从句）

A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.

2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be completely finished.

B by which time

3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.

B no one of which

C all of which

4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught before lived a

;..

.

A. that A. that

B. which B. which

C. as C. as

D. like D. like

4. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.

5. He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is

6. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It A. that A. the way 答案与简析：

1. B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用＋名词＋as\"引导的定语从句，意为来估计的那样低的价格出售。

2. A。由so interesting a story = such an interesting story3. A

4. C。当先行词被

same修饰时，定语从句由

that或as引导，但意思不同。用

that引导定语

从句指同一物，而用

as引导定语从句指同类事物。

I think在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到

和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。

as

在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。

as引导，即构成结构为

\"such+（a/an）＋形容词

\"......像......一样的\"。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原

B. As B. when

C. That

D. What

7. This is the first time ________ he has been here.

C. at which D. which

C. the way which

D. the way of which

8. I don't like ________ you speak to her.

B. they way in that

5. A。做此题的关键是要知道答案。

6. B。Ａs在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：况经常是这样）等。如选Ａ，则需将逗号改为7. A。当先行词为8. A。当先行词为定语从句

1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year . A. where A. that A. whose

B. which B. which B.its

C. in which C. in which C. which B. that I told you

D. that D. in that D. which of

2.Is this the factory ____computers are built ? 3.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red . 4.The man ____has arrived . A. whom I told you

C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about 5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ? A. to whom

B. to who

C. whom

D. to that

6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .

the first time, the last timeway时，定语从句的引导词用

as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情

that；如选D，则需将逗号改为等时，定语从句的引导词用

that或in which, 也可省略。

is that。

that而不用when。

;..

A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where 7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class . A. who B. that C. what D. where 9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which 10.The school ___I study is a new one .

A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which 11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan . A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what B. where C. that D. which 13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose 14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ? A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom 15.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt . A. that B. when C. which D. what 16. I told you ____I know .

A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom 17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun . A. of which B. of whom

C. of who D. of them 18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?

A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one 19. Who is the man ____was there ?

A. who B. which C. that D. whom 20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?

A. that B. which C. whose D. who 21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on that

D. on which 22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .

A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which 23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult . A. in which B. which C. it D. who 24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.

A. who

B. whom

C. he

历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选

26.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. A.of whom

B.whom

C.of whose

D.whose

27.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

;..

.

D. which

.

A.itA.thatA.whatA.whichA. it

others unhappy. A．whoA.which priceC.its priceA.AsA.thisA.whoseA.whatA.thatA.in whichA.the wayA.It’s the reasonC.There’s whyA.which I think isC.which I think it定语从句答案:

B.whichB.whoB.whichB.whereB.that

C.thisC.from whomC.thatC.thatC.when

D.that

D.to whomD.itD.whenD.which

28.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. 29.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.

30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. 31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much. 32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the

B．which

C．this

C.the price of which D.the price of whose

B.ItB.whichB.of whichB.whichB.whereB.in thatB.the way in that

C.ThatC.thatC.whichC.thatC.whichC.in whoseC.the way whichB.That’s why D.It’s how B.which I think it is D.I think which is

D.Which D.same D.its D.when

D.there D.whose D.the way of which

D．what

33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. 35.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English. 36.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.

37.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. 38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower. 39.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. 40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

42.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.

1-5DCADA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 25 DABBA KEYS: 26-30 DBDBB

31-35 DBCAB

36-40 ABBCA

41-42 BA

;..