三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题07 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
一、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives 【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there. A. would fall 【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics. A. will install 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。 4.2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage 【2019·天津卷·单项填空】it.
A. had hoped C. have hoped 【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
B. has given C. have given D. give
B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
B. am hoping D. would hope
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A. is given C. was given 【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
6. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ 【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
7.Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no 【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years 【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
9.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 【答案】And the other
B. are given D. were given
is that I wanted to help people in need. was【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
10.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places 【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. 【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars 【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
二、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。 2.4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last 【2018·北京】year.
A. is working 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，间状语when I visited her last year可知，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选
B. have started C. started D. had started
B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
项正确。
点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的。常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等。 4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
5.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired
B. is repaired D. has been repaired
C. is being repaired 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道，4个选项都用了被动语态，本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时；选项B是一般现在时的被动；选项C是现在进行时；选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析，最终判断出最佳答案。
6.【2018·江苏】31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. A. have developed
B. had developed D. developed
C. will have developed 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两
个时间状语in 2025和by then，从而得出答案。
7.【2018·江苏】30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years. A. had been carried out C. is being carried out 【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
点睛：本题考查时态。句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years，从而得出答案。
8.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
9.【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 【答案】find改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
9.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. 【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
10.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】started
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
B. would be carried out D. has been carried out
11.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
三、2017年高考真题
1.【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A. was driving 【答案】A
【解析】句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth. + when…(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选A。 考点：考查动词时态。
：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 这时一个常用固定句【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。
型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然…… 2.【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______. A. was being followed C. had been followed 【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在 匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家 赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。 考点：时态和语态
3.【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background. A. hasn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify 【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，
获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。
考点：考查动词的时态
4.【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
B. was following D. followed
B. hadn’t qualified D. wasn’t qualifying
A. will have 【答案】B
B. have C. had D. had had
试题分析：句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。 考点：考查时态。
5.【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented C. hadn’t invented 【答案】D
试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。 考点：考查时态语态。
6.【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes. They are happy with it. A. Did you call C. Will you call 【答案】A
试题分析：句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。 考点：考查时态。
7.【2017· 江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析：考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语 从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版 获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。 考点：考查主谓一致
8.【2017·天津卷】6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
B. haven’t been invented D. hadn’t been invented
B. Have you called D. Were you calling
B. are C. was D. were
A. regard 【答案】B 【解析】
B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
试题分析：句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。 考点：考查动词语态和主谓一致
2016年高考真题
1.【2016·北京】21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A. works 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。 考点：考查时态
2.【2016·北京】23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours. A. waited 【答案】D 【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。 考点：考查时态
3.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read 【答案】B 【解析】
试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。 考点：考查时态
4.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
B. has worked C. was working D. would work
B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
B. have read C. am reading D. will read
A. rewarded B. were rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】
C. will reward D. will be rewarded
试题分析：题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。 考点：考查时态和语态
5.【2016·江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made 【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语in the years ahead＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B项正确。 考点：考查时态语态
6.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A. will be learning B. is learning 【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：考查时态。本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国传统的相声和西方的脱口秀结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D项正确。 考点：考查时态
7.【2016·天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 【答案】C 【解析】
试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come
across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。 考点：考查动词时态。
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示过去的过去的动作，还有一个特点就是和过去的一段时间搭配。 8.【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming
B. will be made C. are beingmade D. have been made
C. had been learning D. has been learning
【答案】A 【解析】
试题分析： 句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。 考点：考查动词时态。
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