A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese according to different
word classes.
1. He likes surf-riding.他喜欢冲浪运动。（动词）
2. It doesn’t look like rain.好像不会下雨。/天不像下雨的样子。
（介词）
3. We will never see his like again.我们再也见不到他那样的人
了。
4. I can’t cook like you do.我没有你那样会做饭。/我的烹饪水平
不如你。（连词）
5. The teacher cannot cite a like instance.
老师无法引用一个相似的例子。/老师一时举不出类似的例子。（形容词）
6. Like enough it will snow.很可能要下雨了。（副词） 7. It is not right for children to sit up late.孩子熬夜不合适。（形容
词）
8. The plane was right above our heads.那架飞机就在我们头顶上
方飞行。（副词）
9. In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. 在底片上，左和右，黑与白是相反的。（名词）
10. She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of
robbery.
她竭力为丈夫被控抢劫罪辩护。（动词）
B. Translate the sentences bellow, paying attention to the underlined words, from the context:
1. The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures. 外贸额已增长到前所未有的数字。
2. Dr. Edward was one of the most reverend figures in the world of learning.
爱德华博士是学术界受人尊敬的人物之一。 3. He saw dim figures moving towards him. 他模模糊糊看见几个人影朝他走来。
4. On the desk there was a bronze figure of Plato. 桌上摆放着一尊柏拉图铜像。 5. Jane was good at figure skating. 琼擅长花样滑冰。
C. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the underlined words with different extensions.
1). Extend the underlined words or phrases to cover an abstraction concept
1. Rocks made under water tell another story. 水下形成的岩层说明了另一个问题。 2. He is a rolling stone. 他是个见异思迁的人。
3. I have no head for mathematics. 我没有数学方面的天赋。
4. He always seeks help at the last moment. 他总是急来（临时）抱佛脚。 5. Don’t dispute over trifles. 别老是为鸡毛蒜皮的事而争吵。
6. Fatty’s Restaurant had become an institution in his life in the last seven years.
去“胖子”餐馆用餐，在过去7年里已经成了他生活中雷打不动的规矩。
7. The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era—the Industrial Age. Money had become king. 机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元----工业时代，金钱成了主宰一切的权威。
2). Extend the meaning of underlined words or phrases to cover a specific concept
8. The Sphinx is a must for most foreign visitors to Egypt. 对于决大多数去埃及游览的外国游客来说，狮身人面像是必不可少的游览项目。 9. It is a hard nut to crack. 这事挺难办的。
10. It is hard to get along with a man who blows hot and cold. 同反复无常的人在一起是很难相处的。 11. You are really casting pearls before swine. 你真是说话不看对象。/你真是对牛弹琴。
12. If a person falls into a groove, he always acts, behaves and thinks in the same way.
假如一个人养成一种习惯，他的动作、举止和思想永远都是一个方式。
D. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the underlined parts with commentary or derogatory.
1. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was most courageous man he had ever seen.
汉斯说，这位先生是他所见到过的最有胆识的人，这种阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。
2. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.
布朗先生接到去作演讲的邀请时，感到非常荣幸。（褒义） 3. She is fidgety and restless. 她生性急躁好动。
4. All the inventors have a restless mind. 所有发明家都有一个探索不止的头脑。
5. As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.
真幸运，发生爆炸时大楼里刚巧没有人。
6. As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic. 真不凑巧，野餐那天下雨了。
7. Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.
很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一。
8. Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.
他虽然年轻，但是在研究工作中有雄心壮志。
II. Passage Translation: How to Grow Old By Bertrand Russell(1872-1970)
Some old people are oppressed by（2） the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men（3） who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may（4） justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human（5） joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat （6）abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome（7） it—so at least it seems to me—is to make your interests gradually （8）wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life.
怎样才能活的老 罗素
一些老年人因（2）怕死而惶惶不安。年轻人有这样的情绪是情有可原的。（3）如果年轻人由于某种原因认为自己有可能在战斗中死去，想到生活所能提供的最美好的东西自己全部无法享受，觉得受了骗，而感到痛苦，（4）这是无可指责的。但是对于老年人来说，他经历了人生的（5）酸甜苦辣，自己能做的都做到了，怕死就未免（6）有些可怜，也有些不光彩。最好的办法是克服（7）怕死的念头—至少在我看来—就是逐渐使自己（8）关心更多的事情，关心与己无关的事情。到后来，自我的壁垒/障碍就会慢慢消退，自己的生命就会逐渐与宇宙间的生命融合在一起。
讲评：
1．罗素（Bertrand Russell 1872-1970)：是20世纪声誉卓著、影响深远的思想家之一。他一生完成40余部著作，涉及哲学、数学、科学、论理学、社会学、教育、历史、宗教以及政治等各方面。该文语言生动诙谐，但不乏人生哲理，给人以启迪。
2．Fear 转换为动词。
3．这是一个定语从句，概括说明某些年轻人在战场上怕死，并不专指任何人。若作为定语从句去翻译来修饰young men，则显得过长而累赘，因此在前面加“如果”。
4．justifiably feel：英语中副词和动词这样搭配是可以的，但汉语是不行的。勉强译为“正当地感到”，“有理由地感到”，或者“无可指责地感到”都不好。在这种情况下，可以把状语单独拿出来处理，放在句末。另外，应该考虑到这个长句的句子组织。
5．joys and sorrows：“酸甜苦辣”虽然没有原文的字面意义。但却非常贴近原文的意义。
6．我们已经学过如何翻译这样的英语结构，但这里应该学会如何在一定的语境中灵活处理。“有些可怜，也有些不光彩”就显得较为自然，符合作者的文采。
7．It 是指前面提到的 the fear of death，所以应体现出来，另外增补“念头”二字更符合汉语的表达。
8．wider and more impersonal又是两个形容词，仍可以灵活处理。 （9）An individual human existence should be like a river—（10）small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider,(11)the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, （12）without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and can（13） painlessly lose their individual being. （14）The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of（15）rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. （9）人生好比一条河，（10）开头河身狭窄细小，夹在两岸之间，接着河水奔腾咆哮，流过巨石，飞下悬崖。后来，河面逐渐展宽，（11）两岸离得越来越远，河水也流得较为平缓，最后，流进大海，与海水浑然一体，（12）看不出任何界限，（13）从而毫无痛苦地结束其单独存在的历程。（14）如果一个人到了老年能这样看待自己的一生，他就不会怕死了，因为他所关心的将会继续下去。如果随着精力的衰退，日见倦怠，就会觉得（15）长眠未尝不是一件好事。我就希望在工作时死去，知道自己不再做的事有人会继续做下去，并且怀着满意的心情想到，自己能做的事都已做到了。
9．注意语言的简练。
10．这里small at first 指河的上游。
11．the banks recede：recede意为“向后退去”，但河岸并不能退，因此这是描写船航行时的说法。此处翻译成“两岸离得越来越远”，保留了原文的形象。
12．without any visible break：意为河流入海的地方，很难看出河到哪里为止，海从哪里开始，海与河的难以划分的。为此翻译成“看不出任何界限”。
13．painlessly lose：副词可以单独成句。 14．这里仍用了“如果”。 15．这里rest指“长眠”，而不是“休息”。
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