一、朝阳区
Psychologists(心理学家) are interested in the reasons why some people like taking part in risky sports.
When they studied people who were learning to jump from a plane with a parachute, they found that the parachutists’ bodies produced large amounts of two hormones(激素), adrenaline(肾上腺素) and noradrenaline(去甲肾上腺素), just before they made their jump. These hormones help to prepare us for any sudden activity. Adrenaline increases the heart beat
and provides more sugar for the muscles(肌肉), while noradrenaline makes us react(反应) more quickly. However, noradrenaline also supplies energy to a part of the brain which controls feelings of pleasure. A feeling of pleasure caused by this hormone makes certain people want to take part in dangerous sports.
Another possible reason is the level of excitement in part of the brain. According to some psychologists, the brain tries to manage a certain level of excitement. They believe that people who have a low level of excitement look for new experiences in order to fire themselves with excitement, but people who usually have a high level of excitement try to avoid risks in order not to become overexcited. If the psychologists are right, people with a low excitement level are the ones who enjoy taking part in dangerous sports and activities.
It is thought that people with low levels of excitement have a slower-reacting nervous system than people with higher levels. So it may be possible to find out your level of excitement by testing your nervous system. A quick way of doing this is to put some lemon juice on your tongue(舌头). If you produce a lot of saliva(唾液), your nervous system has been affected(影响) by the lemon and so you probably have a high level of excitement; if you produce little saliva, you probably have a low excitement level. If you have a low level, you might enjoy taking part in risky sports. However, this does not mean that you have to try parachuting!
34．Did the parachutists’ bodies produce large amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline before they made their jump? _________________________
35．What does adrenaline increase and provide? _________________________
36．Why do people with a high level of excitement try to avoid risks? _________________________
37．How can people find out their level of excitement? _________________________
38．Who may enjoy taking part in risky activities?
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_________________________
二、丰台区 Hope for Tigers
In 2010, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) brought bad news that the world tiger population had hit an all-time low. There were just 3,200 tigers left in the wild, about half as many as there had been ten years before.
Now there’s good news: Tigers could be making a comeback. There were about 4,000 tigers in the world in 2019. In July, India, which has 70% of the world’s tiger, announced(宣布) that its tiger population had reached nearly 3,000. That’s a 30% rise in just four years.
India’s success was years in the making. In 2006, habitat(栖息地) loss made the number of India’s tigers reduce to only 1,411. So the Indian government decided to take a stronger plan of protection. Since its Wildlife Protection Act became law, India has given tigers a high level of protection.
Also, India’s latest tiger amount was the work of thousands of scientists. They covered 150,000 square miles of tiger habitat, using thousands of cameras to record the animal’s movements. With the help of their research, India created 50 reserves(保护区), where tigers can spread out and hunt(捕猎).
It’s when the big cats move away from the reserves that trouble starts. “When tigers leave protected reserves, they often run into local people. We cannot save wildlife without the cooperation of the people.” says wildlife expert Shari Rodriguez. Therefore, India’s government has been moving villages away from reserves. “In India, there is a lot of national pride in tigers. They are India’s biggest attraction. Villagers benefit from jobs in the national parks or from selling art works to tourists.”
But challenges remain for tigers all over Asia. They are hunted for their skin, and their teeth are sold as medicine. “They’re still in danger,” Rodriguez says. She draws hope from India’s success, “This is a small, small victory in a long war against dying out.”
34．How many tigers were there in the world in 2019? __________________________________________
35．Why did Indian government take a stronger plan of protection in 2006? __________________________________________
36．What happened to India with the help of scientists’ research? __________________________________________ 37．What are the challenges for tigers all over Asia? __________________________________________ 38．What are Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 5 mainly about? __________________________________________
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三、海淀区实验中学
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
There are many times that you don’t know what to do when you get bored. Boredom is an emotional state that can affect a person’s attitude. Luckily, there are many fun activities you can do to kill boredom.
Exercise
Are you paying for a membership at a gym? This is the perfect moment for you to go to the gym and work out for a little bit. There you can relax your mind and get your body in a good shape. Or you can simply go jogging for an hour or so down on the street. Click here to check out some good exercises to burn calories fast.
Clean your house
Why not do some cleaning around the house? Sometimes you don’t have the time to organize your house or take away the things you don’t need. You are embarrassed when you have a guest because your shoes and clothes are everywhere. Take this time to pick up the mess in your room.
Play games in your iPhone
Having an iPhone is like having a boredom killer. There are many things you can do with your iPhone. You can have such a good time playing these games in your iPhone. You might not consider it beneficial to play games in your phone, but this is a way you can release your stress. Click here and find out which games are good for your iPhone.
Take your dog out for a walk
Go out and take some fresh air. Take your dog out to the park or maybe around the block. You can play with your dog and teach it how to do cool stuff. Maybe making your dog to do a cool trick can surprise your friends. If your friends aren’t able to talk to you, to spend time with your dog can be the solution. This may be what you really need to lift up your mood.
34．What is boredom?
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________________________________ 35．What can you do at a gym? ________________________________
36．Why are you embarrassed when you have a guest? ________________________________ 37．What can you do with the dog? ________________________________ 38．What is the passage mainly about? ________________________________
四、海淀区
Studies have shown that when students join in team sports, their overall educational experience is greatly improved. In fact, no matter they are good at sports or not, there are still benefits to be got from playing team sports! Here are four lessons team sports can teach students.
Have a Bigger Picture
At some point in life, everyone goes through challenges. People may think that the choices they make only affect themselves, but as it turns out, that simply isn't true! Team sports teach students about friendship and a sense of belonging to something bigger than themselves. When they play sports on a team, they quickly learn that every choice they make has an influence on their teammates and their opponents(对手)!
Be Decisive
Making choices can often be difficult for many people since they often over-complicate(过度复杂化)very simple decisions. Playing team sports gets students to reason and come to a decision faster than they might in their day-to-day life. And then, making quick decisions can help students develop a sense of self-confidence.
Never Give Up
It's always exciting to win in life, but sometimes the greater lessons come from losses in team sports games. To deal with those losses, students should accept them peacefully, move on and try again! Team sports teach students that great comebacks do happen and a loss is never final if they refuse to give up!
Put Others First
Perhaps the most important lesson that team sports can teach students is how to put others first in difficult situations. Sometimes, they may have to be ready for being second-best for the greater good, because there is often more at play than they can see at first. Sometimes the most pleasing choice students can make is the one to help others even when it is inconvenient. Learning self-sacrifice(自我奉献）is a lesson that students will certainly carry throughout the course of
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their life!
Students don't have to be athletic to succeed at sports, and there are countless benefits of team sports for them. 34．Do students need to be good at sports in order to benefit from team sports? 35．Why do many people find it difficult to make choices? 36．How should students deal with losses in team sports games?
37．What is probably the most important lesson students can learn from team sports? 38．What's the main idea of this passage?
五、交大附中
This passage is about RealCine.
The technology behind RealCine is virtual reality (VR). Unlike ordinary cinema, RealCine excites all five of our senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch and even taste. RealCine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film. To achieve this, special VR headsets（耳机）are made to help the viewers see a world of 3D and hear the sounds clearly all around them. Special gloves are also worn so that people and objects in the film can be touched. Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to the RealCine computer system. To add to the virtualworld of RealCine, smells （虚拟的）are given out through small openings in the headsets. Special food and drinks are delivered into the viewer’s mouth via a sensor.
In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world. For example, in one experiment, a teenager whose dream was to be a world–famous football star experienced a VR film where he played the role of the captain of the Brazilian football team.
Besides films, VR might also have some other uses. For example, firefighters could be trained using RealCine to avoid the risk（冒险）of entering a burning building themselves. It could be used in the classrooms too. Teachers could bring history alive by placing students in a famous battleor they could teach biology by allowing students to be a whale （战役）or an ant for a lesson.
34．Is the technology behind RealCine called VR?
35．What do viewers wear so they feel they are actually in the film? 36．How are smells given out? 37．Why do firefighters use RealCine?
38．What does the writer tell us about the RealCine?
六、首都师大二附中
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
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Maya Penn, 14 years old, set up her eco-fashion line, Maya’s Ideas, when she was eight years old. She has spent much of the past six years designing and hand-making clothing out of cotton, bamboo, silk and wool. “No matter how big my collection grows,” she says, “I will always use eco-friendly materials to make the products.”
She gives 10 to 20 percent of her company’s profits (利润) to some non-profit organizations (组织). In 2011, when she had too many ideas to have them in a clothing line, she founded her own non-profit organization, Maya’s Ideas for the Planet. Her sincere hope is to encourage others. Maya’s message is that you (yes, you!) can make a difference, no matter how small. We do not all have to design clothing lines and start non-profit organizations by the time we’re 14.
A few years ago, when she read about a local reuse-and-recycle event in the newspapers, she made flyers to put up around the city even though she was not the organizer. Now, she often visits schools to talk to students about
environmental problems. Luckily for the planet, her creativity and interest for life is focused on environment protection. She has written two children’s books with environmental messages. These are printed on recycled paper.
In addition, Maya already finds something common that almost every environmentalist has in his or her life. She says that during her school visits, she has met a lot of young people who care but don’t know what to do. What’s going on in the environment seems like such a big matter that they feel they have to perform a big action, and they don’t know what that action should be.
This problem that whatever we do is too little to matter. “The reason it seems like there’s nothing happening,” she says, is because people are afraid to do anything they think won’t have results.
A small action leads to a big change, she says. “It has a ripple effect (连锁反应), whether that person knows it. You may be afraid to do anything but you don’t need to have a lot of confidence to do something. 34．When did Maya set up her eco-fashion line?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
35．What has Maya used to make clothing in the past six years?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
36．How many books with environmental messages has Maya written?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
37．What did Maya do when she read about a local reuse-and-recycle event?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
38．What does Maya suggest people do to protect the environment according to the passage?
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、顺义区
Most musicians agree that the best violins were first made in Italy. They were made in Cremona, Italy, about 200 years ago. These violins sound better than any others. They even sound better than violins made today. Violin makers and scientists try to make instruments like the old Italian violins.
But they aren't the same Musicians still prefer the old ones. No one really knows why these old Italian violins are so special, but many people think they have an answer.
Some people think it is the age of the violins. They say that today's violins will also sound wonderful someday. But there is a problem here. Not all old violins sound wonderful. Only those from Cremona are special. So age cannot be the answer. There must be something different about Cremona or those Italian violin makers.
Other people think the secret to those violins in the wood. The wood of the violin is very important. It must be from certain kinds of trees. It must not be too young or too old. Perhaps the violin makers of Cremona knew something special shout wood for violins.
But the kind of wood may not be so important. It may he more important to cut the wood in a special way. Wood for a violin must be cut very carefully. It has to be the right size and shape. The smallest difference will change the sound of the violin. Musicians sometimes think that this was the secret of the Italians. Maybe they understood more than we do about how to cut the wood.
Size and shape may not be the answer either. Scientists measured these old violins very carefully. They can make new ones that are exactly the same size and shape. But the new violins still do not sound as good as the old one. Some scientists think the secret may be the varnish, which covers the wood of the violin and makes it look shiny. It also helps the sound of the instrument. No one knows what the Italian violin makers used in their varnish. So no one can make the same varnish today.
There may never be other violins like the violins of Cremona. Their secret may be lost forever. Young musicians today hope: this is not true. They need fine violins. But there aren't very many of the old violins left. Also, the old violins are very expensive. Recently, a famous old Italian violin was sold for about US $300, 000! 34．When and where were the best violins made? _______________________
35．How many possible reasons about the old Italian violins does the writer mention? _______________________
36．Does anyone know what the Italian violin makers used in their varnish?
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_______________________
37．How much was the famous old Italian violin? _______________________
38．What is the passage mainly about? _______________________
八、西城区
What is art？This question has confused great thinkers for centuries. In fact, there is disagreement about exactly what art is. Most of us would agree that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is art, but what about a video game? One dictionary states that art is making objects?Images or music, etc. that are beautiful or that express certain feelings.This, however, could be regarded as too general a definition（定义）. Marcel Ducharap With his bicycle wheel.
Art is usually divided into two areas: fine art, such as painting, music and sculpture （雕
塑）and applied art （实用美术），such as fashion design, furniture making and gardening. According to Aristotle, fee art is something which has a conceptual function.（概念功能）. He noted that artists produced objects, drama and music which showed their emotions and ideas rather than just trying to offer a true image of nature. Andy Warhol, the American artist famous for his Pop Art in the 1960s, once said, “An artist produces things that people don't need to have.This is the biggest difference between fine and applied art. Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful.
In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. The French artist Marcel Duchamp changed peopled understanding of what sculpture was by mounting a bicycle wheel upside down on a stool in 1913 and calling it art. In 2002, Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama created an art work that required the public's involvement. In this work, visitors were asked to cover a white room that had white furniture and objects in it, with many colorful sticker dots （圆形贴纸）.He once said, “Everything an artist produces is art”.
Today, we can see examples of art all around us which are not expensive, many towns and cities have public art which can be enjoyed by all. Some museums, like the National Art Museum of China in Beijing, have no entrance fee. Others are free for children and students.
Street art is also popular in different neighborhoods around the world.
Art can make our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. This idea may not work for all art, but perhaps we can agree that it is a goal towards which all artists should work. 34．What question has confused great thinkers for centuries? _______________________________________________________
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35．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
_______________________________________________________ 36．What does applied art require according to this passage? _______________________________________________________ 37．When did artists begin to challenge the accepted idea of art? _______________________________________________________ 38．What’s the writer’s opinion on art?
_______________________________________________________
九、第四中学
My name is Sally Maxwell, and I’m 15. I’ve been at Park School, London since I was 11. If I pass my exams next year, I’ll stay here until I’m 18.
Park School is a secondary school, about 20 minutes by bike away from home. Before I came here, I went to primary school, near my home. I started primary school when I was five and stayed there for six years.
The school day is from 8:45 am to 3:15 pm. We spend the first 10 minutes in our classroom while our teacher checks which pupils are present or absent. Then everyone goes to the main hall. There our head teacher makes a speech and tells us any news about the school. Lessons begin at 9:05 and last for an hour. We have two more lessons before school finishes.
This year I have 11 subjects: maths, biology, chemistry, French, history, geography, music and IY, PHSE, ADT and PE (these stand for Information Technology; Personal Health and Safety Education; Art, Design and Technology and Physical Education). Fortunately, we don’t have exams in every subject. PHSE is about the dangers of drugs and smoking, among other things. In ADT we also do things like learning to cook as well as drawing and design. Some people can do Italian and Spanish instead of French, but no one is learning Chinese yet! PE involves physical exercise, basketball, training in the gym and swimming – we’re really lucky to have a swimming pool.
I took exams when I was 7, 10 and 14 years old. Next year I will take my exams in eight subjects, and then I can do between three and five subjects for the exams in my final year.
We have a large sports ground where we play football, tennis and do athletics both during and after school hours. After school activities, such as sports clubs and language societies are popular, too. During the school year there are usually visits to museums and galleries, and to camps for activities, such as climbing and cycling in the country. There are parties and discos and a sports day, and the school play is a really important event. Once a term, there is a parents’ meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about our progress.
What’s the best thing about school? English, history, music, and my friends. What’s the worst thing? Homework …
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and exams!
34．How long has Sally been at Park School? ___________________________________
35．Will the teachers check whether pupils are present or not? ___________________________________
36．Which subject involves physical exercise, basketball, training in the gym and swimming? ___________________________________
37．How often does Sally’s school have a parents’ meeting? ___________________________________ 38．What does Sally think of her school life? ___________________________________
十、延庆区 Study or Learn?
English language learners use the verbs “study” and “learn” all the time. Yet, they often are unsure which to choose in a situation. Our subject today comes from Salah of Yemen. The writer asks:
Question:
I would like to know the difference between “study” and “learn.” Thanks!
– Salah, Yemen Answer:
Hello, Salah, and thanks for your note!
Let’s begin with the dictionary meaning of each word. These are from the Merriam-Webster Learner’s Dictionary: To study means to read, memorize facts or attend school in order to learn about a subject.
To learn means to gain knowledge or skill by studying, practicing, being taught or experiencing something. So, studying is just one way of learning. But it is not the only way. Learn
Sometimes, we learn through experience. For example, if you travel to Thailand, you can visit a lot of sights, try the traditional foods and talk to the local people. By the time you leave, you will have gained a lot of knowledge about the country. So, you can say, “I learned so much about Thailand!”
You could not say, “I studied so much about Thailand!” because your actions did not mainly involve reading, memorizing facts, taking a course, attending school or something similar.
Study
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In addition, when you study something, you have not learned it yet.
And, sometimes, you can even study something without learning it. For example, if you say, “I studied English,” it may mean you took English classes. Or maybe you tried to teach yourself through an app or language website.
But maybe you had difficulty with this and still do not know how to speak the language. In that situation, you could not say, “I learned English,” because that would mean you had gained enough knowledge to use it.
Examples
If the difference between “learn” and “study” is not clear yet, here are a few sentences that compare them: They learned how to write stories in the new writing class. They spent time studying the techniques of story-writing. Where did you learn how to bake so well? Did you study baking in school?
And one last tip for remembering the difference is this expression: “I studied but I did not learn anything.” And that’s Ask a Teacher. I’m Alice Bryant.
34．Who are often unsure of how to choose “study” or “learn” in a situation? 35．What does study mean from the Merriam-Webster Learner’s Dictionary? 36．When can you say “I learned so much about Thailand”? 37．What do you mean by saying “I studied English”?
38．Which expression can help to remember the difference between “study” and “learn”?
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2020北京初三一模英语分类汇编—任务型阅读
参考答案
朝阳区 34．Yes.
35．Adrenaline increases the heart beat and provides more sugar for the muscles. 36．In order not to become overexcited. 37．By testing their nervous system.
38．People with a low excitement level. / People who produce more noradrenaline. / People who produce little saliva when putting lemon juice on their tongues. 丰台区
34．There were about 4000 tigers in the world in 2019./ About 4000.
35．Because in 2006, habitat loss made the number of India’s tigers reduce to 1411. 36．India created 50 reserves.
37．They are hunted/sold/ killed/ in danger.
38．What India did to protect tigers. / How India succeeded in protecting tigers. / The ways of protecting tigers in India. 海淀区实验中学
34．Boredom is an emotional state that can affect a person’s attitude. 35．I can relax my mind and get my body in a good shape. 36．Because my shoes and clothes are everywhere. 37．I can play with my dog and teach it how to do cool stuff.
38．It’s mainly about the affection of boredom to people and the activities which help people get away from it. (It’s mainly about what boredom is and fun activities you can do to kill.) 海淀区 34．No.
35．Because they often over-complicate very simple decisions. 36．By accepting them peacefully, moving on and trying again. /
They should accept them peacefully, move on and try again. / They should never give up. 37．How to put others first in difficult situations. / Learning self-sacrifice.
38．Four lessons team sports can teach students. / The benefits of team sports./ What team sports can teach students. / What students can learn from team sports./
Students don’t have to be athletic to succeed at sports, and there are countless benefits of team sports for them.
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交大附中
34．Yes. / Yes, it is.
35．Headsets and special gloves.
36．Through small openings in the headsets.
37．To avoid the risk of entering a burning building themselves. 38．He tells how RealCine works and how it can be used in other ways.
He tells why RealCine is better than ordinary cinema, and how it can be used in other ways. 首都师大二附中
34．When she was eight years old./At the age of eight. 35．Cotton, bamboo, silk and wool. 36．Two.
37．She made flyers to put up around the city.
38．People can begin with some small actions./People don’t need to have a lot of confidence to do something. 顺义区
34．In Cremona, Italy, about 200 years ago. 35．Four.
36．No,（no one knows it）． 37．About US $300,000.
38．The reasons why old Italian violins are so special. 西城区
34．What is art？ 35．the two areas of art.
36．Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful。 37．In the 20th century.
38．Art makes our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. 第四中学
34．She has been at Park School for four years. 35．Yes, he will.
36．PE involves physical exercise, basketball, training in the gym and swimming. 37．Sally’s school has a parents’ meeting once a term. 38．It is interesting. 延庆区
34．English language learners.
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35．It means to read, memorize facts or attend school in order to learn about a subject. 36．When you have gained a lot of knowledge about the country.
37．It may mean you took English classes. Or maybe you tried to teach yourself through an app or language website. 38．I studied but I did not learn anything.
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