1. He walked in, _____A____ a book in his hand, went to a table near the window and sat down in silence. A. carrying B. carried C. to carry D. having carried
【解析】答案选A。此题考查分词作状语的用法。首先不定式表示目的和将来可以排除；having done强调动作的完成，不符合题意，只剩下A和B，这是一个并列句，句中有三个谓语动词walked in, went to 和sat down。句中的carrying a book in his hand是现在分词，用作状语，修饰walked in，表伴随。提醒：此题易错选B。
2. _____B_____for many years, the novelist suddenly became famous.
A. having ignored B. Having been ignored C. to have been ignored D. to be ignored
【解析】正确答案为B。此题考查分词作状语。因ignored和the novelist是动宾关系，而不是主谓关系，即“被忽视”，故可排除表主动意义的A。至于C和D，首先可排除D，因为它是不定式的一般式，表示将来意义，与句意不符；而C是不定式的完成式，一般不作时间状语。
3. _____B_____ to the consumers, more and more advertisers are using images of pop stars in their ads. A. Appealed B. to appealed C. appealing D. to be appealed
【解析】正确答案为B，考查不定式的用法。首先可以排除A和D，因为appeal是不及物动词，不能用过去分词表被动，从句意来看，题目想表达的是为了吸引消费者，不定式作目的状语，而现在分词一般情况下不能表目的，所以选B。
4. — What’s the matter with you?
—____D___ the heavy suitcase, my waist was hurt unexpectedly.
A. Having carried B. Carried C. While carrying D. While I was carrying
【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语。一般说来，非谓语动词的逻辑主语需要和主句主语一致，此题中，主句的主语是my waist，而非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I，所以不能用非谓语动词，只能用状语从句，所以选D。
5. ____D____with enough instruments necessary for the experiment, these scientists are expecting to finish it ahead of time. A. To be supplied B. to supplied C. supplying D. supplied
【解析】正确答案为D，考查非谓语动词作状语。这句话的主语是scientists，与非谓语动词supply是动宾关系，也就是被提供，因此排除了B和C，不定式作状语表示将来和目的，与题意不符，所以选D。
英语冠词典型考题讲练
1. Tom owns ________ larger collection of ________ books than any other student in our class. A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填C. a; the D. 不填; the
2. For a long time they walked without saying ________ word. Jim was the first to break ________ silence. A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
3. When he left ________ college, he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office. A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. a ; the D. the ; the 4. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ________ . A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices
5. ________ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is ________ major concern of the country.
A. The; 不填 B. The; a C. An; the D. An; 不填
6. The Wilsons live in ________ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ________ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a
7. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ________ hotel; I can find you ________ bed in my flat.
A. the; a B. the; 不填C. a; the D. a; 不填
8. When you finish reading this book, you will have ________ better understanding of ________ life. A. a, the B. the, a C. /, the D. a, /
9. It is ________ world of wonders ________ world where anything can happen. A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. 不填, 不填
10. The most important thing about cotton in history is ________ part that it played in ________ Industrial Revolution. A. 不填；不填 B. the；不填C. the; the D. a; the
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11. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made ________ discover which completely changed ________ man’s understanding of colour.
A. a…不填
B. a…the C. 不填…the
D. the…a
12. —I’d like ________ information about the management of your hotel, please. —Well, you could have ________ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a
13. Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today. A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D. /；the
14. —Have you seen ________ pen? I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one? I think I saw it somewhere(www.yygrammar.com). A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
15. Paper money was in ________ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ________ thirteenth century.
A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
16. Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the
17. Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience. A. 不填, the B. 不填, an C. an, an D. the, the
18. The sign reads “In case of ________ fire, break the glass and press ________ red button. ” A. / ; a B. / ; the C. the; the D. a; a
19. On ________ news today, there were ________ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; the B. the; 不填C. 不填；不填 D. 不填；the
1. B. 因为collection (收藏品，收集物) 是可数名词，此处为单数，又不是特指，所以用不定冠词；books是名词复数表示种类，而非特指，所以不用冠词。又如：a fine collection of paintings精美的绘画收藏品。
2. B. word (话、话语) 是可数名词，without saying a word意为“没说一句话”；虽然silence (沉默)是不可数名词，但此处是特指前面提到的那种沉默，所以用the。
3. A. 因为school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, table, bed名词等指其用途时，不用冠词。leave college意为“大学毕业”。又因为表示职业或身份的单数名词前通常要用不定冠词，所以选A。
4. C. price前加定冠词表特指。句意为“如果你买10个以上，他们会从那个价钱中减掉20便士”。
5. B. 因为division后有介词短语between…and…的限制，这是特指的，所以要用the。又因为concern作“所关切的事”解是可数名词，所以前面要用冠词。
6. D. 因为house和cottage都是可数名词，且都不是特指，所以都用不定冠词。句意是“威尔逊一家住在大海附近的一栋A形房子里，那是一座17世纪建的别墅”。
7. A. 从next time可知，对方这次住了旅馆，第一空的hotel就是特指这个旅馆，所以用the；第二空的单数可数名词bed不是特指的，所以用不定冠词。句意是：你下次来这里度假，就不要到这旅馆来住了，我在我的公寓里帮你弄张床。
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8. D. 虽然understanding是不可数名词，但作“了解、理解”解时，却常常要加不定冠词(尤其是当其前有形容词修饰时)，排除B和C。又因为life作“生活、人生”解，是不可数名词，不是特指，不用冠词。have a better understanding of life指“对生活有更深刻的理解”。
9. B. 虽然通常说the world，但world有定语修饰时，表示“一个…的世界”时，要用不定冠词。题中两个world都有定语修饰，后者是前者的同位语，所以两个都用不定冠词。句意是：这是一个奇妙的世界，一个什么事都有可能发生的世界。
10. C. 因part后面有一定语从句修饰，是特指，用the；又因为“工业革命”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，所以前面也要用the。
11. A. 因为discovery作“被发现的事物”讲是可数名词，前面用不定冠词，又如，make an important discovery scientific discovery (作出重大的科学发现)。man作“人、人类”解，是既没有复数形式，也不能在前面加冠词的，understanding前又受名词所有格man’s修饰，也不能用冠词，所以第二空不用冠词。
12. A。information 是不可数名词，前面不用冠词，因此排除 B 和 D；have a word with是固定短语，意为“和某人谈一下”。句意为“我想请你帮我看一下旅馆的管理材料”。“好的，你可以和饭店经理谈，他会帮你的”。
13. A。此题考查不定冠词和不用冠词的情况。抽象名词knowledge前加不定冠词a使其具体化，a knowledge of English意为“懂英语”；而international trade是泛指，意为“国际贸易”，前面不用冠词。句意为“很多人认为懂英语是当今国际贸易所必需的”。
14. D。此题在特定语境中考查不定冠词的用法。第一句句意为“你看见一支钢笔吗？”是泛指，用不定冠词。第二空“是黑色的吗？”不是二次提及上文的钢笔，也是泛指，故也用不定冠词。
15. C。(be) in use是固定词组,意为“在使用中”；第二空是序数词前要加定冠词，the thirteenth century 指第13世纪。句意为“十三世纪马可波罗访问中国时，中国已用纸币”。
16. B。animals 是名词复数表示泛指，不用冠词；kind是单数可数名词，of…kind“…种类的”。根据句意“多数动物与另一类的动物没有关系，除非它们以其为食”。可指应用a表示泛指。
17. C。句意为“从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一次非常激动人心的经历”。airplane表泛指，以元音开头用an；experience当“经历”讲时是可数名词，因此表示“一次经历”要加不定冠词。
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18. B。fire泛指“火灾,失火”，不用冠词；red button 是特指，第二空用 the。句意为“那块牌子上写着：“万一失火，打碎这块玻璃，按那个红色按钮”。
19. B。第一空用the表示特指“今日的新闻”；第二空reports是复数名词表泛指，不加冠词。句意为“在今天的新闻中有关于那个地区的大雪的报道”。
英语基础语法常考题·附解析
1. ─What are you reading, Jane?
─Some books on ________ education, I’m now interested in ________ education of young people. A. an; the B. /; the C. the; an D. an；/
2. —You were out when I dropped in at your house yesterday. —Oh, I________ for a friend from Beijing at the railway station. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 3. —Little Jim has been eating sweets all day. —It’s no ________ he is not hungry A. matter B. doubt C. problem D. wonder
4. Comrade Wang ________ be in Shanghai—I saw him in the company only a few minutes ago. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. isn’t able to
5. It was not until I got home ________ I found my wallet missing. A. that B. when C. where D. which
6. The number of the people present at the concert ________ much smaller than expected. There ________ many tickets left.
A. was; was B. were; was C. were; were D. was; were
7. ________ you stepped into the lab with your shoes on? You’re supposed to take them off before you enter it. I told you so!
A. How come B. How dare C. How about D. How long8
8. They made no effort to hide their amusement ________ I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
9. ________ her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful A. In a word B. In general C. In particular D. In total
10. She returned home from the office, only ________ the door open and something missing. A. finding B. to be found C. to find D. found
11. We should ________ ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession. A. devote B. spend C. offer D. provide 12. The Anti- Japanese War ________ in 1937 and it ________ eight years. A. broke out; lasted B. broke out; was lasted C. was broken out; lasted D. was broken out; was lasted
13. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building ________others were waiting on the airfield.
A. during B. where C. which D. while 14. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. A. It B. As C. That D. Which 15. —Let’s go to the zoo this Sunday, OK? —________. I love to see all kinds of animals.
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A. I couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not C. I believe not D. I don’t think so
1. B。第一个 education 意为“教育；教育学”，为不可数名词，因此不用冠词；而第二个 education 表示特指，意为“年轻人的教育”，因此用定冠词，故答案为 B。
2. A。根据上句中的时间状语的提示可知谓语动词是指过去某时正在发生的事情，因此用过去进行时态，故答案为 A。
3. D。上句“小吉姆整天在吃糖果”是“他不饿”的原因，因此答案为 D。no wonder 意为“难怪，不足为怪。”
4. B。情态动词 must 表推测时只能用于肯定句。在否定句中用 can’t 代替must。can’t 意为“不可能”；may not 意为“可能不”；be able to 表示经过努力或克服了困难之后做成了某事的能力，意为“能，会”。句中的破折号起解释说明的作用。“我几分钟前在公司见过他”，因此“不可能在上海”，故答案为 B。
5. A。强调句的基本结构由“It is / was +被强调部分 + that / who + 句子其余部分”组成，如果被强调的是人用 that 或 who；其他用 that。句意为：到了家我才发现我的钱包不见了。
6. D。the number of 修饰可数名词复数作主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式；There be 必须与后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。tickets 为复数名词，因此用were。故答案为 D。
7. A。how come 意为“怎么”；how dare 意为“怎敢”；how about 意为“怎麽样”；how long 意为“多久”。根据语境“怎么穿着鞋进了实验室？进来之前你该脱掉。我早告诉过你”可知答案为 A。
8. D。此题考查 whenever 引导的时间状语从句。句意为“每当我从衣袋里拿出一包糖果的时候，他们毫不掩饰他们觉得好笑”。
9. B。in a word 意为“总之”；in general 意为“一般地；大体上；通常”；in particular 意为“特别”；in total 意为“整个地；总共”。根据句意“总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了”答案为 B。
10. C。作结果状语时，不定式常表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即预料之外；而分词常表示一种自然而然的结果，即预料之中。根据语境“发现门开着，有东西丢了”是他没想到的，因此可知应用不定式。又因句子的主语 he 与动词 find是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用主动语态，因此答案为 C(www.yygrammar.com)。
11. A。devote…to 为习惯用语，意为“把……献给；把……专用于”。句意为“我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职责。”
12. A。break out 和 last 都是不及物动词，都不能用于被动语态，因此答案为 A。句意为“抗日战争 1937 年爆发，持续了八年。”
13. D。while 作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况，意为“而、却”。句意为“当飞机抵达时,一部分侦探等在主楼里面，而另一部分则等在停机坪上。”
14. B。as 和 which 引导非限定性定语从句，都可以指整个句子，有时可以通用。但 as 引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。which 只能放在句中。句意为“周所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。”
15. A。上句提出建议“我们周日去动物园好吗？”根据答语中的后句“我喜欢看各种动物”可知是表示赞成对方的建议，故答案为 A。意为“我非常赞成。”
1. “May I borrow your paper?” “ ________.”
A. By all means B. Never mind C. You are welcome D. Don’t mention it 2. This bird is really lovely, and I’ve never seen ________ one. A. a finer B. a finest C. the finer D. the finest
3. Since there’s no more work to do, we might just ________ go home. A. so well B. as well C. so good D. as good
4. He made ________ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. A. that B. it C. himself D. him 5. That car nearly hit me; I ________. A. might be killed B. might have been killed C. may be killed D. may been killed
6. “Have you ever eaten snails?” “No, and I hope I ________.”
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A. will never B. never will C. have never D. never have
7. She wrote a famous book, and so ________ a place in history. A. winning B. to win C. to have won D. won
8. I’ll have to change my clothes before I go out — I don’t want ________ like this. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. being seen
9. We make sure we’re always well stocked up with candles, just ________. A. in case B. for certain C. in practice D. for use
10. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they ________ so much. A. sink B. swim C. jump D. struggle
11. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________ there by tomorrow. A. can’t get B. won’t get C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get 12. The little time we have together we try ________ wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that
13. You should put on the notices ________ all the people may see them. A. where B. in which C. at D. for them
14. She took her son, ran out of the house, ________ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office. A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put
15. The old house, in front of ________ there is an apple tree, is ________ I used to live. A. that, the place B. it, the place C. which, where D. what, where 1. A。by all means 表示同意，意为“完全可以”。
2. A。I’ve never seen a finer one 的实际意思是 This is the finest one I’ve ever seen。 3. B。might just as well (后接动词原形)的意思是“不如……”或“还是……的好”。 4. B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didn’t want to enter politics。 5. B。表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might+动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能的事，则可用 may [might] + 动词完成式，如 He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。
6. B。根据句意，填空处应用将来时态(实为将来时态的省略式)；另外注意，频度副词本来通常置于助动词之后，但是若省略主要动词，即当频度副词和助动词置于句末时，应将频度副词置于助动词之前。
7. D。and so won a place…可视为 and so he won a place…之省略。
8. C。want 表示“想要”时，其后通常接不定式，又由于主语与see 之间含有被动关系，故用被动式。 9. A。in case 在此表示“以防万一”。 10. D。由句意和常识推知。
11. A。we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。
12. C。该句的正常词序为 We try to spend the little time we have together wisely. 13. A。where 指“在……的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。
14. A。句中四个动词为并列谓语，应时态一致(www.yygrammar.com)。
15. C。第一空应填 which，in front of which there is an apple tree 为修饰 the old house 的非限制性定语从句；第二空填 where，用以引导表语从句。
典型定语从句易错题详解
■The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were
【易错】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.
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A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are
(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
■A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that B. which C. where D. what
【易错】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
■ _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【易错】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。
【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题： _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What
此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。 再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D：
(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It
(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It
■ David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【易错】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.
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A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as
■ The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. it C. them D. which 【易错】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：
(1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which
(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer. A. that B. it C. them D. which
(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper. A. that B. it C. them D. which 类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：
(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person. A. that B. him C. them D. whom
(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer. A. that B. who C. them D. whom
(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students. A. that B. who C. them D. whom
■ He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【易错】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。
【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A)：
(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer. A. which B. them C. what D. that
(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer. A. them B. which C. what D. that
(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other. A. whom B. them C. which D. who
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(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other. A. them B. whom C. which D. who
■ He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【易错】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：
(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。 (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。
(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。
■ On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 【易错】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：
(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。 (2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。
(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。
(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。
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(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that
选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。 ■ If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is. A. as B. which C. what D. that
【易错】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：
(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK. A. as B. which C. and it D. that
(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15. A. as B. which C. what D. that
(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me. A. that B. which C. and it D. so
(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that
■ She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company. A. which B. when C. how D. where
【易错】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。
【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：
She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company. A. which B. when C. how D. where 请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：
(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month. A. which B. when C. how D. where 选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。
(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete. A. which B. when C. how D. where 选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。
(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago. A. where B. when C. that D. which 选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。
英语时态考题专练（有详解）
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1. We ________ to move but are still considering where to go to. A. are deciding B. decided
C. have decided D. had decided
2. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who ________ it? A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken
3. They won’t buy any new clothes because they ________ money to buy a new car. A. save B. were saving C. have saved D. are saving
4. I ________ your last point — could you say it again? A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch 5. —Are you a teacher?
—I ________, but now I am working in a company. A. is B. am C. was D. had
6. I feel sure I ________ her somewhere before. A. was to meet B. have met C. had met D. would meet 7. —Does Liu Hui serve in the army?
—No, but he ________ in the army for three years. A. served B. has served C. is serving D. would serve 8. —Tom came back home yesterday. —Really? Where ________ at all? A. had he been B. has he been C. had he gone D. has he gone
9. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Smith ________, so we only had time for a few words. A. has just left B. had just left C. just left D. was just leaving
10. —I’m sorry; I shouldn’t have been so rude to you. —You ________ your temper but that’s OK. A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing
11. —You must have met him the other day. —Oh, no, I ________. A. hadn’t B. mustn’t C. haven’t D. didn’t
12. —Will you go to the park now?
—Not until I ________ my physics exercises. A. will finish B. have finished C. will have finished D. had finished 13. —Did you enjoy the film?
—Yes, it’s the best one I ________ these years. A. had B. have had C. had had D. would have
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14. —Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? —Yes, he did. He ________ his old friends for a long time. A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C. hasn’t seen D. hadn’t seen
15. When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where ________? A. did you go B. have you gone C. were you D. had you been
16. She ought to stop working; she has a headache because she ________ too long. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read
17. —Why do you look worried?
—Fred left the company half an hour ago. His work ________ unfinished since. A. left B. was left C. has left D. has been left
18. —You could have asked Mr. Johnson for help. He is kind-hearted. —I ________ that. A whole day ________. A. forget; wastes B. forgot; was wasted C. forgot; had wasted D. forget; was wasted
19. You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he ________ an important meeting then.
A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had
20. —I’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. Shall I have him call you when he comes back? —No, I’ll call him back. If I call again in half an hour, do you think she ________ ? A. had arrived B. has arrived C. will arrive D. will have arrived 21. —What’s wrong with your coat?
—Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ________on it. A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting
22. —Why weren’t you at the meeting?
—I ________ for a long-distance call from my aunt in America. A. waited B. was waiting C. had been waitingD. had waited
23.—Will you attend the meeting this evening? —But I ________ told anything about it. A. wasn’t B. am not C. haven’t been D. won’t be
24. — What did you think of Act I of the play last night? — I’m sorry. The play ________ when I got there. A. had been started B. had been on for half an hour C. was to start D. had begun for half an hour 25. —Why did you come by bus?
—My car broke down yesterday evening and I ________ it repaired. A. didn’t have B. don’t have C. won’t have D. haven’t had
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1. C。用现在完成时表示影响，即指现在已经作出决定。
2. B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。 3. D。用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
4. A。从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。
5. C。这时用一般过去时表示过去曾经是老师，但现在不是了。
6. B。before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。 7. A。由no是对前句的否定可知现在不在部队服役，是以前“服过役”，故用一般过去时。
8. A。have been to…去过某地(已回来)，have gone to…到某地去了(没回来)；又因为问的是Tom回来之前到去过某地，故用过去完成时态。
9. D。从“我们只谈了几句话”可知，当我们去拜访时，Professor Smith“正要”离开了，D是过去进行时表示过去将来意义。
10. C。上句“我本不该对你那么无礼”是对过去情况的自责，答语“你当时的确很生气”，用一般过去时，did 在 lose 前表示强调。
11. D。问句是对过去情况的猜测，所以答句用一般过去时。I didn’t是I didn’t meet him the other day 的省略。 12. B。因为在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。若强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，本题属后一种情况。
13. B。因为 these years 是包括现在在内的，故用现在完成时。
14. D。由于见朋友发生在过去(即昨天)，而很久没有见到朋友自然是昨天的见面之前，即属于过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
15. C。句子的前半句说上午打电话时没有人接电话，而后半句问对方当时在什么地方。显然，句子前后两部分的时间应一致，即用一般过去时。
16. A。从第一句话She ought to stop working 可知“他仍然在学习”，故后面用现在完成进行时态。
17. D。受前一句left的影响，易误选B。题干中的since说明此处应用现在完成时态。从问句中也可看出来，此处强调动作对现在的影响，故要用现在完成时的被动式。
18. B。说话之前“忘了”，故用一般过去时态；第二空应用一般过去时的被动语态形式。 19. C。指将来某时或某段时间正发生的事用将来进行时。
20. D。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作，而将来完成时表示将来某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作。根据语境可知是强调将来的结果，应用将来完成时。
21. C。意思是：刚才我想下公共汽车时，(我才发现)靠近我坐的那个人一直坐在我的外衣上。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时间仍在进行的动作或状态用过去完成进行时。
22. B。该题考查根据语境选用正确时态题。上句说“你为什么没去参加会议”，据此回答“我当时正在等我姑姑从美国打来的长途电话”，说的是“你们开会时”我正在等一个电话。
23. C。指到目前为止还没有人把这件事通知我。相当于在后面省略了so far。
24. B。句意：戏剧在我到达之前就已上演了半小时，即表示“过去的过去”，且短暂性动词不与持续性时间连用，故须将 start→be on 才可与持续性时间连用。
25. D。从昨天坏了一直到今天来时还没有修好，表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延缓到现在的动作或状态要作现在完成时态。
形容词与副词专项训练
1. Work gets done ________ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier
2. My parents have always made me ________ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good 3. He began to take political science ________ only when he left school. A. strictly B. truly C. carefully D. seriously
4. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only ________ beaten.
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A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly
5. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ________. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest 6. —Do you need any help, Lucy?
—Yes, The job is ________ I could do myself. A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
7. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is ________ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”
A. some B. much C. more D. most
8. With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with ________ service for passengers.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
9. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ________ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
10. After two years’ research, we now have a ________ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
11. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ________ one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
12. Of the two coats, I’d choose the ________ one to spare some money for a book. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 13. —I wonder why Mary is so unfriendly to us. —She is ________ than unfriendly, I’m afraid. A. shyer B. much shyer C. shy more D. more shy 14. —I didn’t do well in this English examination. How about you? —I did ________ you.
A. not better than B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than 15. —Now that you like the house with a garden, why not buy it? —Well, I can’t afford ________ house at present.
A. that expensive a B. a such expensive C. that an expensive D. a so expensive 16. —Do you regret paying ten dollars for that book? —No, I would gladly have paid ________.
A. as twice many B. twice as many C. twice as much D. as twice much 17. —I’m leaving on April 30.
—So why not come to spend ________ days with me?
A. all these last few B. these all last few C. these last all few D. all last these few 18. —Be careful not to drop the Ming Dynasty vase. —Yes, we can’t be ________. A. too careful B. very careful C. too careless D. careless enough 19. He’s not got another job yet and it’s not ________ he will for some time. A. likely B. easily C. nearly D. lonely 20. We do meet now and then, but not ________. A. freely B. commonly C. regularly D. presently
21. You don’t have to be angry with him. He ________ wanted to know the truth. A. almost B. mostly C. merely D. hardly 22. —Are you pleased with what he has done?
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—It couldn’t be____. Why didn’t he put more effort into his work? A. any worse B. much better C. so bad D. the best
23. He moved away from his parents and missed them ________enjoy the exciting life in China. A. too much to B. very much to C. enough to D. much so as to 24. —Is your headache getting ________? —No, it’s worse. A. better B. bad C. less D. well
25. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ________ this year. A. the best B. better C. the most D. more 【答案与解析】
1. C。根据题意可知，说话者是将when people do it together和when people don’t do it together这两种情况比较，故选比较级。注意不要选D，因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词，不能用形容词。另外，根据句末的higher too也可知道此题是考查比较级。
2. D。首先，根据连系动词后要接形容词作表语这一特点，可排除A和C。另外，使役动词make后可接动词原形（不带to的不定式）或过去分词作宾语补足语，但不能接现在分词，故可排除选项B。
3. D。take sth seriously的意思是“认真对待某事”“认真考虑某事”。 4. C。副词narrowly在此表示“勉强地”，又如：He narrowly escaped being run over. 他差点儿被车压死。 The proposal to change the rules was narrowly defeated by 201 votes to 196. 建议改变规则的提议以196票对201票的微弱差额被否决了。本题句意：篮球赛的最后比分是93比94。我们以微弱的劣势输掉了比赛。
5. B。因题目把这组新学生与前面一组学生进行比较，故用比较级。
6. B。注意句中的Yes，由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗？”作了肯定回答，说明答话者独自完成工作有困难，故填more than。
7. C。由于是将“Love me, love my dog”与“Love me, love my book”进行比较，故用比较级。此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than，而是给出两个待比较的proverb。
8. B。句子大意为：由于铁路提速了，所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较，故用比较级。
9. B。题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较，故用比较级。句意为：史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。
10. B。这四个副词中，通常只有far可用于修饰比较。注：quite有时也可用于修饰比较better，但它只用于表示“身体康复”，不用于其他意义。
11. C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较，故用最高级(from www.yygrammar.com)。 12. B。因是两者比较，故用比较级，可将答案锁定在B和C之间；再根据句意，排除C。 13. D。此题考查more…than…的用法，其意为“与其说……不如说……”。 14. D。句中的no better than相当于as badly as，其意为“一样不好”。 15. A。that在用作副词，用法相当于so，意为“如此，这么”。
16. C。在as…as…结构中，表示倍数的词或程度副词都放在第一个as之前。 17. A。语序：不定代词 + 指示代词 + 序数词 + 基数词。
18. A。此题考查can’t be too + adj，其意为“无论……也不为过”。
19. A。因为likely是形容词，意为“可能的”，在句中作表语。easily和nearly是副词；虽然lonely(寂寞的)是形容词，但其意义与句意不通。
20. C。因为只有regularly(经常地)才与now and then(偶尔)相对。 21. C。merely在此表示“只是”，其他选项意义不通。
22. A。因为It couldn’t be any worse. 意为“(他的工作做得)非常差”，与后文内容相符。 23. A。因为too…to do sth. (太…以至于不能做…) 是固定搭配。 24. A。由答语No, it’s worse.可知问句中用better。
25. B。后面省略了than he did，意为“我今年还没看到比他跑得更好成绩的人”。
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连系动词用法小练（有解析）
1. _______ everyone here today? A. Be B. Are C. Is D. Am 2. Harry is older than I. But he _______ younger than I. A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking 3. It _______ like the singing of the birds. A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes 4. This kind of cake tastes _______. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
5. The children all looked _______ at the broken model plane and felt quite _______. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad 6. This kind of paper _______ nice. A. feel B. felt C. is feeling D. feels 7. This math problem is _______ and I can do it _______.
A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy 8. Coffee is ready. How nice it _______! Would you like some? A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels 9. In winter the days _______ colder and colder. A. gets B. getting C. got D. get 10. He _______ pale at the thought. A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed 1. C。当复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2. B。根据句意和前句时态，后句应用一般现在时。
3. A。根据语境，只有sounds(听起来)符合题意。looks意为“看起来”，smells意为“闻起来”，tastes 意为“尝起来”。
4. A。连系动词taste后应接形容词作表语。
5. D。根据句意，句中的look at是行为动词，所以修饰此动词时应用副词；在连系动词feel后应用形容词作表语。
6. D。当this kind of…作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7. A。连系动词is后接形容词。根据句意，修饰行为动词do用副词。 8. B。根据语境和首句(Coffee is ready)，此处用smell才符合题意。 9. D。根据常识我们知道冬季天气寒冷，故用一般现在时。
10. C。根据语境只能使用turned，句意为“一想到这儿，他的脸就发白了”。 1. You can contact us by telephone or e-mail, _________ you prefer. A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. whatever
2. _________ rich one may be there is always something one wants. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. However D. Wherever 3. We should report any incident, _________.
A. however serious or minor it is B. how serious or minor is it
C. it is how serious or minor D. it is however serious or minor 4. _________ I say, he always disagrees.
A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever
5. _________ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 6.—What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. —It’s up to you. _________ you want to do is fine with me.
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A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 7. You can find _________ you need at the shopping centre, which is always busy at the weekend. A. whichever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
8. Don’t, _________ you do, tell Patrick or the world will know! A. however B. whenever C. whatever D. wherever
9. _________ he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always the same thing. A. However B. Whenever C. whatever D. Whichever 10. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, _________. A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost
11. _________ you choose to live there are always going to be disadvantages. A. Whenever B. Wherever C. However D. Whatever
12. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _________ there is human suffering. A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
13. _________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
14. _________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. whichever 15. Can _________ leaves last please lock up?
A. whoever B. whenever C. whatever D. whichever
16. Everyone is equal before the law, and _________ breaks the law should be punished. A. whichever B. whatever C. whoever D. however
17. _________ player scores the highest number of points will be the winner. A. Whatever B. Whichever C. However D. Whenever
18. We can go to the seven o’clock performance or the eight—_________ suits you best. A. whichever B. wherever C. whoever D. however
19. _________ team wins on Saturday will go on to the national championships. A. Whenever B. However C. Whatever D. Whichever
20. _________ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off a whole pizza. A. However B. How C. Whatever D. What
21. If Emma likes something she’ll buy it _________ much it costs. A. however B. how C. whatever D. what
22. If you take money from the fund, _________ small the amount, you must record it in this book. A. how B. however C. no matter D. whatever
23. “What shall we do tonight then?” “It’s up to you—_________ you want.” A. however B. whenever C. whatever D. whomever
【参考答案】1—5 CCABA 6—10 ADCBA 11—15 BDADA 16—20 CBADA 21—23 ACC
英语强调句考点训练
1. It was after he got what he had desired _________ he realized it was not so important. A. that B. when C. since D. as
2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _________ he chose the course. A. that B. what C. why D. how
3. It wasn’t until nearly a month later _________ I received the manager’s reply. A. since B. when C. as D. that
4. It is what you do rather than what you way _________ matters. A. that B. what C. which D. this
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5. The Foreign Minister said, “_________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
6. It was _________ back home after the experiments.
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go 7. When was _________ that the general manager left for Japan?
A. he B. it C. that D. since 8. It might have been John _________ bought a present for Mary yesterday. A. that B. when C. what D. which 9. It was what he meant rather than what he said _________ annoyed me. A. which B. as C. what D. that
10. It is the protection for the trees _________ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. A. that B. where C. which D. while
11. It was lack of money, not of effort, _________ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. that D. what 12. I guess it was his eyes _________ attracted me first. A. that B. where C. which D. while
13. It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job. A. which B. since C. that D. what
14. “How was _________ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.” A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which
15. What is it _________ his daughter needs most? A. what B. which C. that D. if
16. It was when she was about to go to bed _________ the telephone rang. A. since B. as C. that D. then
【参考答案】1—5 AADAD 6—10 CBADA 11—15 CACAC 16 C
这些题是考查非谓语动词吗
这些题是考查非谓语动词吗？如果仅从选项来看，好像都是考查非谓语动词，但实际上有的只是以非谓语动词为假象，考查其他知识点，你分得清吗？好好想想，好好做做！
1. “I’d like to take a week’s holiday.” “_________ it, we’re just too busy.” A. Forget B. Forgetting C. Forgets D. Forgot
2. —Then let’s have fish, beef with tomatoes and a soup. OK? —_________ nice.
A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds 3. Stanley, _________ hello to your nephew. A. come and say B. comes and says C. to come and say D. coming and saying 4. If there’s no reply at the front door, _________ round the back A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming
5. Don’t stand out there in the cold—_________ in here and get warm. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming
6. Before you send the letter, _________ with Bill to see if the address is right. A. check B. to check C. checking D. checked
7. Before you decide to leave your job, _________ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered 8. If you hear the fire bell, _________ cool and don’t panic. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
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9. If you can’t get in the front door, _________ to the back door. A. go B. to go C. going D. to be going
10. If they don’t understand it the first time, _________ over it again until they do. A. go B. to go C. going D. to be going
11. If you’re going on a long car journey, _________ sure the vehicle’s in good condition. A. making B. to make C. make D. having made
12. _________ you hand over your mouth when you cough.(from www.yygrammar.com) A. Put B. Putting C. To put D. To be putting
13. _________ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To be following D. Having followed 14. _________ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinking
15. Don’t give me a long account, just _________ the plain facts. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. to be telling
16. _________ him enough time to get home before you telephone. A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given
17. To test eggs, _________ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good. A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting
18. _________ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally _________ them together. A. Join, to sew B. Joining, sewing C. Join, sewing D. To join, to sew 19. She wrote a famous book, and so _________ a place in history. A. winning B. to win C. to have won D. won 20. If you don’t succeed the first time, _________ again. A. try B. to try C. trying D. to be trying 21. If the car won’t start, _________ it.
A. try push B. try pushing C. to try pushing D. to try to push 22. Don’t waste your money on silly things—_________ it. A. saving B. to save C. save D. to having saved 23. _________ me, and then try to copy what I do.
A. Watch B. Watching C. To watch D. To have watched
24. She cycled too fast round the corner, _________ her balance and _________ off. A. losing, falling B. lost, fell C. losing, fell D. lost, falling 25. _________ the soup and add salt and pepper if necessary. A. Taste B. Tasting C. To taste D. Having tasted
【参考答案】1—5 ADAAA 6—10 AAAAA 11—15 CAAAA 16—20 AACDA 21—25 BCABA
状语从句专项训练(附详解)
1. ________ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister. A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever
2. Hard-working though he was, ________ there was never enough money to pay the bills. A. / B. and C. but D. therefore
3. Much hard ________ he tried，he flailed to catch up with the first runner. A. although B. as C. while D. when
4. I got in touch with Charles ________ I received his letter.
A. when immediately B. soon C. immediately D. suddenly 5. We were just ________ calling you up ________ you came in.
A. about; when B. on the point of; while C. on the point of; when D. on the point of; as
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6. Most of his great novels and plays were not published or known to the public ________ his tragic (悲剧) death in 1786. A. even before B. ever since C. until after D. until before
7. Mr. Saddam Hussein had to go with the American soldiers, ________ . A. no matter he likes or not B. no matter he should like it or not C. no matter whether he likes or not D. no matter he may like it or not 8. ________ , I have to put it away and focus (集中)my attention on study this week. A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing
9. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, ________ they hunt them for food. A. if B. while C. unless D. as
10. ________ he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way.
A. Although B. Unless C. Because D. When
11. Babies sleep l6 to l8 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less ________ they grow older. A. while B. as C. when D. after
12. I have been keeping the portrait ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris.
A. since B. where C. as D. if
13. ________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check
14. I would never speak to someone like that ________ they said something unpleasant to me. A. even if B. so that C. as if D. ever since
15. －Did you remember to return the book to our English teacher? －Yes. I gave it to him ________ I saw him. A. once B. while C. if D. the moment
16. A warning news report from Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are ________ they leave the Arab world forever.
A. even though B. in case C. whenever D. until
17. —May I go now?
— ________ you’ve finished your work, you may go. A. After
B. Although C. Now that
D. As soon as
18. \" ________ I live there are plenty of sheep.\" said the boy ________ pride.
A. Where; with B. When; in C. That; in D. Why; with
19. He seemed to have been asleep, so I said nothing, but sat ________ he would see me ________ waking. A. whether; when B. that；when C. which；where D. where；when 20. It will be five years ________ we meet again. A. since B. until C. before D. when
21. Never lose heart ________ difficulty you may meet with. A. what B. whatever C. how D. however 22. ________ we are allowed ________ , we can’t drink any beer. A. As long as; to do B. If; to C. Unless; to D. On condition that; doing so 23. You can still find bones of the birds ________ they used to live. A. in which B. in the place C. where D. that
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24. How can they learn anything ________ they spend all their spare time watching TV? A. where B. when C. while D. but
25. ________ I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. A. While B. If C. As D. Unless 26. “________ my feet remain standing above the water level, there is hope...” said the captain. A. Where
B. Even if C. While
D. Although
1. A. 因为gave后面已经有表示物的直接宾语了，排除代词A、C、和D。however意为“无论如何”；whenever意为“每当…”，根据句意，只有选C，意义才通。
2. A. 因为前面已经连词though了，所以不再需要连词了。Hard-working though he was=Although he was hard-working。
3. B. 因为as引导让步状语从句，要求将从句的表语或状语等放到句首。而although, while表示让步时，都用正常语序；另外，though引导的让步状语从句，其表语或状语等可提前也可不提前。
4. C. 因为immediately, instantly, directly和the moment, the instant, the minute等都可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。
5. C. 因为表示“正要做某事时，突然又发生另一件事”的句型是：was /were just about to do sth. when…did…或was /were just on the point of doing sth. when…did…
6. C. 因为not…until…“直到…才…”，再接before语意上不通，要用after。
7. C. 因为no matter后一定要接疑问词或whether。
8. C. 引导状语从句时no matter how=however，其后接形容词或副词，只有C正确。
9. C. unless“除非、如果不”。句意是：大多数动物与其它不同种类的动物都没有什么联系，除非是把它们猎为食物。
10. A. 句意是：虽然他认为他在帮我们做工，但事实上他是在挡事。
11. B. 表示主、从句的谓语动词同时变化的“随着…”只能用as。
12. B. 因为keep the portrait (把照片放在…)后面一定是指所放的“地方”了，所以用where (在…的地方) 引导一个地点状语从句。
13. C. 因为非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，mistakes不能check，排除A和D；若用B，则前后是两个句子，又无连词，排除B。
14. A. 只有先A，前后意义才通：even if即使、纵然；so that为了、以便；as if. 好象；ever since从(那时)到现在。
15. D. 因为the moment可作连词，与as soon as相当(from www.yygrammar.com)。
16. D. until (直到…)与肯定句连用，引出的时间是主句谓语动词结束的时间。even though即使；in case以防万一；whenever每当、无论何时。
17. C. 因为now that =since“既然”。
18. A. 因为with pride (骄傲地) 是固定短语；where (在…的地方) 引导一个地点状语从句，
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19. D. 由where引导一个地点状语从句，表示坐 (sat) 的地方；后面是带有连词的现在分词作时间状语，when waking=when he woke。
20. C. 因为It will be +时间段+ before…是固定句式，意为“过…之后才…”。句意是：要过五年之后，我们才会再次见面。
21. B. 因为whatever = no matter what引导一个让步状语从句，并作difficulty的定语。句意是：你无论遇到什么困难，也决不要灰心丧气。
22. C. 句意是：如果不允许我们喝啤酒，我们就不能喝。
23. C. 因为无先行词，不是定语从句，而是由where引导的一个地点状语从句。句意是：在它们过去居住的地方，你仍然可以找到鸟的骨头。
24. B. 题中when=since既然。句意是：既然他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，他们还能学到什么呢？
25. A. 因为while可以表示让步，与although相当，意为“虽然”。
26. C. 因为while有“只要”之意，与as long as相当。又如：While there is life, there is hope. 只要有生命，就会有希望。/留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
定语从句专项训练
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen. A. when B. where C. that D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ . A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone
number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before
11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A. It B. As C. Which D. What
12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that
13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.
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A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which 14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as
15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes
16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which
17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it. A. when B. that C. who D. where
19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and
20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same
1. A. 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。
2. B. 因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与in which相当。
3. A. 因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。
4. B. 答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。
5. C. 因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。
6. D. 因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。
7. B. 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。 8. B. 因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。
9. C. 因为当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。
10. 因为先行词是the time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。
11. B. 先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which没有，所以用as。顺便说说，原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is…= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is…
12. A. 两空都是考查定语从句，先行词分别是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the day在定语从句中作状语，用when引导；后句是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，要用which。
13. A. 因为替代不可数名词 (the bread) 只能用that，排除B和D；又因为先行词that (the bread) 在定语从句中作buy的宾语，用which，所以选A。
14. D. 当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时，由as引导，并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as在此题中作dream of的宾语。注意：在表示“如此…以致…”的such /so…that…结构中，that不作任何句子成份。 15. B. 考查非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的房子。
16. D. 因为先行词是前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，所以用which。of course是插入语。
17. D. 将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is…显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。
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18. A. 因为先行词是the days，并在定语从句中作状语。
19. B. 当先行词前有so时，用as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语或宾语。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，请想想这是为什么。
20. C. 因前后均的句子，必须要选连词，排除B和D；又因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从句，所以选C。during which time在那段时间里。
重要名词考题15例(有详解)
1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _______. A. a few white hairs B. a little white hair C. some white hair D. more fifty hair 2.—Hi, this way, please.
—OK.I sometimes have no sense of ______ when I arrive at the crossroad. A. position B. direction C. situation D. condition
3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.
A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire
4. I didn’t have to work all weekend — I did it by _______. A. chance B. choice C. accident D. myself
5. “Did you get _____ to the party?” “Yes, I replied to it this morning.” A. an answer B. an invitation C. a question D. a letter
6. I paid him ￡50 for the painting, but its true ______ must be at least ￡500. A. price B. money C. value D. importance
7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it. A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess
8. You’ve just missed your ______, and you will have to wait for the next round. A. chance B. turn C. time D. part 9. —Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.
—It’s no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination. A. question B. doubt C. problem D. wonder 10. —How can I use this washing machine? —Well, just refer to the _______. A. explanations B. expressions C. introductions D. directions
11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______. A. rooms number B. room number C. room’s numbers D. room numbers 12. —Hello, I’d like to speak to Henry.
—Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office. A. Henrys, Henrys B. Henries, Henries
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C. Henry, Henrys D. Henrys, Henries
13. Electricity, like other forms of ______, has greatly increased in price in recent years. A. pressure B. force C. strength D. energy
14. In order to learn the _______ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices. A. ins and outs B. dos and don’ts C. heads and tails D. t’s and i’s 15. —I’ve got an “A” in the examination.
—That’s a good ______. You will surely win a second. A. result B. news C. start D. idea 1. 选A。hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 There’s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。
2. 选B。需根据句意来分析。have no sense of direction 意为“没有方向感”。 3. 选B。需根据句意来分析。attempt 在此表示“尝试”。
4. 选B，由于上文说 didn’t have to work，所以下文相应的语境应是 did it by choice。类似地，下面一题应选D，也是因为choice与下文的have to do it 相呼应：
Were you given a _____, or did you have to do it? A. job B. duty C. request D. choice 5. 选 B。注意其后的 to the party 和 replied to it。 6. 选C。value 指“价值”。
7. 选C。make sense of 意为“明白”、“理解”。比较：make sense 意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一题选D：
What he told us about the situation simply doesn’t make any ______. A. use B. reason C. value D. sense
8. 选B。miss one’s turn 电为“错过机会”，注意下文的 …have to wait for the next round 所表示的语境。 9. 选D。it’s no wonder (+that从句)的意思是“难怪”，也可说成 No wonder (+that从句)。 10. 选D。directions 的意思是“使用说明”，空格前的 refer to 意为“查看”、“参考”。
11. 选D。room 为无生命名词，不用 room’s 这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词作定语。类似地，下面一题要选B，也是一样的道理（名词作定语通常用单数不用复数）：
The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday. A. shoes shop B. shoe shop C. shoes’s shop D. shoe’s
12. 选C。在通常情况下，专有名词具有“独一无二”性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说：We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。另外一点值得注意的是，与一般的名词单数变复数不同，以“辅音字母+y”结尾的专有名词，其直接加词尾-s，而不将y改为i。
13. 选D。从常识来考虑，electricity 属于 energy，结合全句的语境，只有D最合适。同样地，下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选D：
(1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of ______. A. source B. material C. power D. energy
(2) The ______ has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides.
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A. pollution B. friendship C. condition D. situation
14. 选A。ins and outs 意为“细节”，dos and don’ts 意为“注意事项”，heads or tails 为掷钱币打赌时用语，意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”，p’s and q’s主要用于 mind one’s p’s and q’s，意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意，选A最合适(from www.yygrammar.com)。
15. 选C。从语法上看，news 不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D不可选，因为选D意思不通；比较A和C，选C最合适，因为 start与下文的 a second 相吻合。
英语易错冠词考题20道(附详解)
1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again. A. the, the B. 不填，不填 C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the
2. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger. A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填，不填 3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure. A. a, a B. a, the C. 不填，不填 D. a, 不填
4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____. A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday 5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here. A. the, the B. the, a C. the, 不填 D. a, the
6. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct. A. the, a B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the
7. He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work. A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the
8. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find _______ work. A. the, 不填 B.不填，不填 C. the, a D. an, the
9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment.
A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one
10. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic. A. 不填, 不填 B. the, a C. 不填, the D. the, 不填
11. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter. A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the；不填 D. the; a
12. —John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer. —Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one. A. the; 不填 B. 不填; the C. the; the D. a; a
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13. “What about ______ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the
14. The market for ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as______ years go on. A. 不填, 不填 B. the, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填, the
15. “Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”
A. an; the B. a; the C. the; a D. an; a
16. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight. A. the; 不填 B.不填; 不填 C. the; the D.不填；the
17. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today. A. the, an B. a, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填, the
18. The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a
19. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace. A. 不填, 不填 B. The, an C. The, 不填 D. 不填, an
20. — Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat? — Are they missing? I told you to take care of them. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; the
1. 选D，big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠词；country 表示“农村”时，其前习惯上要用定冠词。
2. 选B，success 在此指“成功的事”，为可数名词；out of danger（脱离危险）为习语，其中不用冠词。 3. 选A，其中的 failure 在此指“失败的人”，为可数名词。 4. 选B，Sunday 前用不定冠词，表示“某一个”。 5. 选C，kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。
6. 选B，当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词；另外in danger of 是短语，不用冠词。 7. 选 A。on the phone 和 at work 均为习语，其中一个带冠词，一个不带冠词。 8. 选 B。unemployment 和 work 均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。 9. 选 D。a one bedroom apartment 意为“一套只带一间卧室的套房”。
10. 选B。the young 意为“年轻人”，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词修饰名词 topic。
11. 选 C。over [on] the telephone 为习语，意为“通过电话”；若用 by telephone 则不用冠词，类似地，by letter（通过信件）也不用冠词。
12. 选D。第一空后的most不是构成最高级，而是表示“很”、“十分”，故其前用a；第二空也填a，该句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。
13. 选B。第一空填the，表特指；第二空填a，表泛指，as good a school as No. Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University 意为“与湖南师大附中一样好的一所中学”。
14. 选A。used computers 与 years 均为复数名词表示泛指意思，其前不用冠词。
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15. 选D。NBA中的 N 读音为 [en]，即前面一个音为元音，故填an不填a；第二空填a表泛指，泛指任何一场比赛。
16. 选A。介词by表示“以…计”时，若后接单数可数名词，其前要用定冠词，如：by the week 按周，按星期 / by the ton 按吨 / by the yard 按码 / by the meter 按米；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词，如：by volume 按体积 / by weight 按重量(from www.yygrammar.com)。
17. 选B。knowledge 虽为不可数名词，但其前却可用不定冠词，表示某种程度的知识，有类似some的意思；第二空不填冠词，是因为trade 为不可数名词，表示泛指时不用冠词。
18. 选B。序数词前通常用定冠词，表示特指（如第一空）；有时也用不定冠词，表示原有数量上的增加（如第一空）。
19. 选B。原则上说，专有名词前不用冠词，但在些特殊情况下也可用冠词。此题第一空填定冠词，表特指，即指“那时的英国”；第二空填不定冠词，表示具有某种特征。
20. 选C。Are they missing? 中的代词they 是一个很重要的信息词，它表明上文中的 _______ black and _______ white cat 是两只猫而不是一只猫，所以C。the black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若选A，则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。
英语虚拟语气考题专练
C1. Mr. Li required the computer equipment referred __A______ used in every classroom.
A. should be
B. have to be
C. to be
D. to being1. C. 因为在表示“要求”的require, request, ask,
demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，句中referred to是过去分词短语，作the computer equipment的定语，所以选C(from www.yygrammar.com)。
C2. —Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country. —Who is Yang Liwei?
—What a question! It is surprising ____B____ the first spaceman in China. A. you didn’t know our national hero B. to you not to know him
C. you should know nothing about D. you knew nothing about him2. C. 因为在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形”，其中should含“竟然”之意，不可省略。 3. —What courses are you going to do next term?
—I don’t know. But it’s about time ___B_____ on something.
A. I’d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding3. B. 因为It’s (high /about) time后面的从句的谓语动词通常用过去时态。
D4. One of the requirements for the fire is that the material ____C____ to its burning temperature.A. is heated B. will be heated C. would be heater D. be heated
4. D. 因为requirement后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should +)动词原形”；material(材料)与heat(加热)是被动关系，用被动语态，所以是be heated。
5. Robert wishes that he ___D_____ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. had studied
5. D. 因为wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用过去式，此题的study business是与过去事实相反的情况，所以用had studied business(from www.yygrammar.com)。
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6. My demand is that the information referred to in my report ____C____ to Mr. Brown without delay. A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailed C. be e-mailed D. being e-mailed 6. C. 因为主语是demand时，其后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should +)动词原形”。
7. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____C____ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
7. C. 因为句中otherwise (否则)表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以用would have done。
8. Without electricity human life ___D_____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
8. D. 因为介词短语without…表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以用would be。
B9. If he had not gone out in the storm, he ___C_____ alive now. A will be B. would be C. would have been D. is
9. B. 由had not gone可知，条件句是与过去事实相反的情况，而now提示我们，主句是与现在事实相反的情况，所以用would be。
D10. If only I ____C____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew
10. D. 因为if only (要是…就要了) 其后的句子要用过去式表示虚拟语气，由as you do可知，是与现在事实相反，所以选knew。
11. But for the party, he ___A_____ of hunger fifteen years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die
11. A. 因为but for (要不是因为、如果没有) 通常要与虚拟语气连用，由fifteen years ago可知，这是与过去事实相反的情况，所以选would have died
12. I would have come earlier, but I ___A_____ that you were waiting for me. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known
12. A. 因为would come earlier是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，而后面分句表示的是事实：当时我的确不知道…所以用一般过去时，选A。
C13. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___B_____ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 13. C. 因为that从句是suggestion的同位语，应当用“(should+) 动词原形”表示虚拟语气，又因the students与give是被动关系，所以选be given。
14. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he _____A___ an Englishman. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been
14. A. 因为Wang Ling是中国人的名字，显然不是英国人，所以as if从句的谓语要用与现在事实相反的情况，所以用were。
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?15. We ____A____ our lives had it not been for the policeman. A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. had lost
15. A. 因为had it not been for the policeman = if it had not been for the policeman (如果没有警察) ，显然是与过去事实相反的情况，主句中的谓语应是would have lost。
16. __B______ more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 16. B. 因为由主句谓语可判断，表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语应用过去完成时，Had the captain been = If the captain had been。
17. Were it not for the snowy weather, we ___A_____ all right.
A. would be B. would have beenC. were
D. may be
17. A. 由于从句谓语为一般过去时，表示的是对现在的虚拟，故主句谓语用过去将来时，表示。Were it not for the snowy weather=If it were not for the snowy weather.
18. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ___B_____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
18. B。这是个错综时间虚拟条件句：主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为“如果我不是在七岁时就迷上了Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想象我如今会在做什么”。
19. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____D____ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
19. D。本题考查目标与1996上海同。由otherwise和hesitated可知，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用 would+ have+ 过去分词构成
20. How I wish every family ____B____ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
20. B。wish 后面宾语从句的谓语总是用过去时态。此题是表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时。句意为“我多么希望每个家庭都有座有一个漂亮花园的大房子啊
非谓语动词基础考题专练
1. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
3. The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
4. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 5. You were silly not ________ your car.
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A. to lock B. to have lockedC. locking D. having locked 6. Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
7. When flint ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
8. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
9. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
10. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
11. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
13. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
14. I don’t know whether you happen ________ , but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
15. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam. A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
17. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all. A. Compare
B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
18. ________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
19. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget
20. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV. A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch
21. The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. cause B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
22. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
23. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 24. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________ .
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 25. Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied
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B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
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26. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out
27. I’ve worked with child before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expect 28. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
29. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
30. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
31. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
32. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
33. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ?
A. to be buying B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought
34. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
35. Victor apologized for ________ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
36. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing
1. D. 因为Hellen要使自己讲的话被别人听到，所以要用过去分词作宾补，即：make herself heard；又因为make herself heard是shout的目的，所以用不定式。
2. C. form表示“出现、产生”，是不及物动词，又因为pictures与form是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。 3. C. 因为insist后要么接that从句，要么接on sth. 或on doing sth. ，没有别的接法，所以选C。insist on doing坚持要做某事(from www.yygrammar.com)。
4. D. 因work abroad for twenty years发生在谓语动作(返回祖国)之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。
5. B. 因为现在分词作状语只能修饰谓语，而不定式作状语，既可修饰谓语又可修修饰形容词或副词，此处修饰形容词silly，要用不定式。又因为“没有锁车”发生在谓语之前，所以用完成式。
6. B. 因句中的the water与run是主动关系，故选B。leave sth doing sth 意为“使某物一直在做某事”。 7. B. 因为flint与introduce(引入)是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
8. A. looking out of the window 为伴随状语(from www.yygrammar.com)。
9. D. 因为在encourage, persuade, tell, ask, want, order, force等后要用不定式作宾补。encourage sb. to do sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
10. C. 因“等了半个小时”发生在realized之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
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11. B. 因为the…company与know是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。
12. A. get changed 意为“换衣服”。比较：get paid(获得报酬)，get dressed(穿衣服)等。 13. B. 因为句子主语the girl与attract是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。
14. D. 因为happen后接动词不定式是表示“碰巧做某事”；又hear发生在谓语don’t know之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习(from www.yygrammar.com)。
15. B. 因为only是提醒我们要用不定式表示结果的一个重要标志词；不定式表示结果，不定式的动作发生在谓语之后；又因为the news reporters与tell是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。
16. D. 因为have a hard time doing sth. 与have difficulty doing sth. 相当，意为“在做某事方面有困难”。 17. D. 因为the biggest ocean与compare是被动关系，所以要用过去分词。When compared with…=When the biggest ocean is compared with…=When we compare the biggest ocean with…
18. C. 首先，非谓语动词的否定式要将not, never等放在非谓语动词的前面，所以不能选D。其次，由于“没有完成”与“决定再呆两周”有先后关系，故用现在分词的完成式。
19. A. 因为口语中you had better常被说成you’d better，甚至说成better，本句就属这种情况，其后要接不带to的不定式，即：动词原形。
20. C. 此题考查spend...(in) doing sth 句型(from www.yygrammar.com)。
21. C. 因为be believed /thought /supposed /said /reported等后要接动词不定式，排除A和B；又因为the flu与cause是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。The flu is believed to be caused by...=It is believed /People believe that the flu is caused by...
22. B. 一是因为“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的，且smell 作为连系动词没有被动形式，所以答案选B。 23. A. 因为the disc(唱片)与record(录制)是被动关系，这又是已经发生了的事，所以要用过去分词短语作定语(from www.yygrammar.com)。
24. B. 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。根据句意，受到攻击的应是“高楼”，而不是其他，故选B。
25. A。此题考查不定式的完成时。“据说他曾到国外留过学”，由studied可知“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作is said之前，所以要用完成式。
26. A。此句考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句子结构较复杂,句中的that引导一个定语从句，它替代先行词the plan在从句中作see的宾语，the plan与carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即see the plan carried out the next year.
27. B。此题考查疑问词+不定式在句中作宾语。I know what to expect in my new job. 意为“我知道在新工作中期待什么”。
28. A。本句考查现在分词的完成时作状语。句意为“遭受如此严重的污染之后，现在净化这条河也许为时已晚了”。有already暗示可知suffer发生在clean up之前，因此要用现在分词的完成式作状语。
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29. B。remain 作“尚待”解，要接不定式作表语，it是形式主语，指代whether they will enjoy it。see与it之间是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。it remains to be seen是习惯用语，意为“还要看情况发展”。
30. D。“连词+分词”作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。句子主语与分词的之间是主动关系时用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。the research与begin是被动关系，因此用过去分词begun(from www.yygrammar.com)。
31. C。此题的考查目标与NMET2000同。what to do with为常用搭配结构，意为“处置，利用”。句意为“据说澳大利亚有太多陆地，政府不知如何利用”。
32. B。find后面可以接由“宾语+ 现在分词/过去分词/ 不带to的不定式”构成的复合宾语结构。现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，不定式表示动作已经发生。根据句意“如果厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，立即就会被解雇”可知cook与smoke之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。find sb. doing sth意为“发现某人正在做某事”。
33. B。考查不定式作定语。不定式作后置定语，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。句意为“今下午我要去超级市场，你有东西要买吗？”
34. C。考查过去分词作表语。句意为“飞机登陆时，飞行员要求所有飞机上的乘客坐着不动”。remain是系动词，seated作表语，表示状态。
35. C。考查动名词的复合结构作宾语。动名词的复合结构的否定式由“名词所有格或物主代词+not+动名词”构成。句意为“Victor因没能通知我计划的改变向我道歉”。
36. D。由有句中的and可知第一空所填的动词与took是并列谓语，故用seized; 第二空是现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意为“突然，一个赶着黄色马车的高个男人，抓住那个姑娘并把她带走了，消失在森林里”。
时态考题精练（有解析） 1. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late. A. look, have B. looking, had C. look, had D. looking, have 2. “What’s his name?” “I _____.” A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting 3. Your mother _____, however, say that to us that day.
A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing 4. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life. A. develop B. are being developed C. are developing D. have developed 5. I _____ your last point — could you say it again?
A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch C. hadn’t quite caught D. can’t quite catch 6. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere. A. was to meet B. have met C. had met D. would meet 7. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment. A. are expected B. have expected C. are expecting D. will expect
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8. “I suppose you _____ that report yet?” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.” A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing 9. “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes 10. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing. A. is dated from B. was dated from C. dates from D. dated from 11. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy. A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been 12. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait. A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed 13. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _____ it? A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken 14. You’ll never guess who I met today — my old teacher! We _____ for 20 years. A. don’t meet B. haven’t met C. hadn’t met D. couldn’t meet
15. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; I’m sure he _____ abroad all week. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 16. —Don’t put the waste on the ground.
—Oh, I’m very sorry. I _____the dustbin there. A. don’t see B. isn’t seeing C. didn’t see D. haven’t see 17. —How is the weather in your country this summer? —It _____as much as it does now for a long time. A. hasn’t rained B. doesn’t rain C. wasn’t raining D. didn’t rain 18. —Does Liu Hui serve in the army?
—No, but he _____in the army for three years. A. served B. has served C. is serving D. would serve 19. —Sorry. I _____to post the letter for you. —Never mind. _____it myself after school. A. forget; I’d rather post B. forgot; I’ll post C. forgot; I’m going to post D. forget; I’d better post 20. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Smith _____, so we only had time for a few words. A. has just left B. had just left C. just left D. was just leaving 21. —What were you doing when I phoned you last night? —I _____my painting and was starting to take a bath.
A. have already finished B. was finishing C. had just finished D. was going to finish 22. You _____television. Why not do something more active?
A. alwayswatch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching 23. I have been studying computer for several years and I still _____. A. have B. do C. have been D. am
24. Jane was disappointed that most of the guests________ when she ________at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 25. The pen I ________ I ________ is on my desk, right under my nose. A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost
1. C。第一空填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态。
2. A。从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。 3. B。其中的 did 为强调用法。
4. B。从语境上看，develop 不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。
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5. A。从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。
6. B。before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。 7. C。表示目前的一种状态(from www.yygrammar.com)。
8. B，注意下文语境：事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空处应填现在完成时态。 9. D。第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，用一般将来时表示将来；第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。
10. C。因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(＝have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)，除非所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，如：The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago (那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了)。(注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。)
11. A。前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。
12. B。用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是：你只能等。
13. B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。 14. B，用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间(from www.yygrammar.com)。
15. C，用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。
16. C。指刚才对方提醒之前没看到垃圾箱，用过去式。
17. A。由now和for a long time可知“很长时间都没有像现在这样下雨这么多”，用现在完成时。 18. A。由no是对前句的否定可知现在不在部队服役，是以前“服过役”，故用一般过去时。
19. B。从语境看“忘记”应为过去；“放学后自己去记”是临时的决定，不能用表示计划或打算的be going to。
20. D。从“我们只谈了几句话”可知，当我们去拜访时，Professor Smith“正要”离开了，D是过去进行时表示过去将来时。
21. C。由“我正要去洗澡”可知昨天你打电话时“我刚刚画完”，“画完”在“打电话前”之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时(from www.yygrammar.com)。
22. B。always有时可与进行时态连用，但含有某些感情色彩，如报怨、厌恶、赞美等。此句表示的是报怨。 23. D。句意为“我已学电脑几年了，我现在还在学。”am后省略了studying。 24. D. 在她arrived之前就已离开；即过去的过去，用had left. 25. B. 语境为：原以为(thought)丢了的（had lost）确在鼻子底下。
语法基础训练·非谓语动词（附解析）
1. The first textbooks _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 2. —You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting. —Well, now I regret _______ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 3. We agreed _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 5. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 6. _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost 7. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
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A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
8. The Olympic Games, _______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
9. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
10. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
11. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
13. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out
15. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
17. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
18. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
20. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 22. —What do you think made Mary so upset? —_______ her new bike.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 23. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 24. There are five pairs _______, but I’m at a loss which to choose. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
25. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _______.
A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 27. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
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28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _______ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 29. Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need _______. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 31. The discovery of new evidence led to _______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
32. _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 33. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
34. Sandy could do nothing but _______ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
35. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 36. _______ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having
37. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled
38. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 39. In order to make our city green, _______.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees
40. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key _______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers. A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 41. The teacher asked us _______ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 42. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
43. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 1. D。表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。
2. D。regret doing sth 表示对已经发生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以报告令人不快之事，表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾、抱歉”，主语通常是 I / we, regret 用一般现在时。
3. C。agree 只能接不定式，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式，选 C。
4. A。根据句型 tell sb (not) to do sth，排除 C 和 D；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略 to 后的内容，只保留 to, 所以只有 A 对。
5. B。make sb do sth 的被动式为 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。
6. C。考查过去分词作状语。Lost in thought=As he was lost in thought。be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配；这类习惯表达还有 be caught in the rain(遭雨淋), be dressed in red(穿着红衣), be seated(就座)等。
7. C。本句是 warn sb (not) to do sth 的被动式(from www.yygrammar.com)。
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8. C。因 The Olympic games 与 play 是被动关系，排除 A 和 D；不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，排除 B。表示“被动、完成”，用过去分词。
9. B。would love / like 后面只能接不定式，排除 C 和 D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，后接不定式完成式，故选 B。
10. A。现在分词作结果状语(from www.yygrammar.com)。
11. D。 句中 read 意为“有某字样”，a message pinned to the door 意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”，a message 与 read 是主动关系，因此用现在分词。
12. B。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。not to make it more difficult是与 to make it easier 形成对比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。
13. A。由 studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。
14. A。此句结构复杂,句中的 that 引导一个定语从句，它代表 the plan 并在从句中作 see 的宾语，the plan 与 carry out 是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即卻see the plan carried out the next year.
15. A。句意为“这条河已经遭受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许为时已晚了”。suffer 发生在 clean up 之前，且有 already 暗示，无疑要用现在分词的完成式作状语。
16. B。remain 作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表语，see 与 it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。
17. D。“连词+分词”作状语，依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。the research 与 begin 是被动关系，用过去分词 begun。
18. C。do with 与 what 连用是一个很有用的结构，可以表示“处置”、“利用”等。
19. B。find 后可接现在分词或过去分词作补语，但不接不定式。he 与 smoke 是主动关系，用 -ing 形式作补语，故选 B。
20. D。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动词要用动名词。若选 B，应在其后加 to 才行。 21. C。不定式作定语，the person 是 send it 的对象，可理解为 to send it to the person。 22. C。用完整的句子应这样回答：Losing her new bike made Mary so upset.
23. D。因为 remain 是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，所以要用 remaining(剩下的) 作定语，修饰 20 dollars(from www.yygrammar.com)。
24. B。句意是“有五双可供选择，我拿不定主意从中选择哪一双”，而不是选择五双。
25. C。Harvard(哈佛大学)与 found(建立)是被动关系，且早在1636年已建立，故用过去分词。
26. D。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。因 and 连接两个并列的简单句，前一分句用-ing 形式作主语，后一分句也应用 -ing 形式作主语。
27. D。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。Finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是 she，故选 D。意为：她发现她的车被人偷了，她就赶紧报警求援。
28. A。不定式作目的状语。“使产品更具竞争性”是“正在努力的目的”。
29. C。“连词+分词”作状语。his parents 与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系，又因为 lack 是及物动词，不用介词，故选C(from www.yygrammar.com)。
30. A。that 引导的从句与 problem 是同位语。need, want, require 等表示“(某物)需要做某事”时，后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式都可以。
31. C。lead to(导致、使)中的 to 是介词，后接动名词；逻辑主语 the thief 与catch 是被动关系，故选 C。 32. A。given 作介词，意为“鉴于、考虑到”，可接名词或 that 从句。 33. B。hang 表示“悬挂”时，可用作及物或不及物动词，此处填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因为它表示动作正在进行，而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。
34. A。介词后接动词一般要用动名词，但 but / except 等介词后却可以接不定式，前面有行为动词 do 时不带 to，无 do 时要带 to。
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35. B。devote卼o?把…贡献给…；致力于…)中 to 是介词，应接-ing 形式；all 是 devote 的宾语，he had 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句，修饰 all。注意，千万不要以为 had to 是“不得不”，后接动词原形，而去选 A，那就中了命题人的圈套了。
36. A。不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了下午多睡一会，Bob 关掉了闹钟。
37. C。“新当选的总统日子不好过”是因为“有许多问题要解决”，表示“有…要…”用不定式作定语。
38. A。mean to do 打算做，mean doing 意味着。句意为：在英国的某些地方搭不上公共汽车意味着要再等一个小时。
39. D。“使城市绿化”是“我们(we)”的目的(from www.yygrammar.com)。
40. B。key to(…的关键)中 to 是介词，应接动名词；又因名词 demand 与 make 是被动关系(make demands 提出要求)，另有 by 这一标志词暗示，用过去分词作定语。
41. D。ask，tell, want 等后要接带 to 的不定式作宾补，其否定式是在不定式前加 not。即 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人(不要)做某事。
42. D。give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D，Given time=If he is given time。 43. D。catch sb. doing sth. 意为碰巧撞见某人正在做某事。
基础语法知识训练·情态动词（附解析）
1. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
2. —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. —It _______ a comfortable journey. A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been 3. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _______ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can
4. Johnny, you _______ play with the knife, you _______ hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _______ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 6. —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They _______ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 7. —I stayed at a hotel while in New York. —Oh, did you? You _______ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 8. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I _______ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might
9. I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 10. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may
11. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 12. I wonder how he _______ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare sayD. dared say
13. When he was there, he _______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
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A. would B. should C. had better D. might
14. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall
15. How _______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only a part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may
16. —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coin. _______ I have a look? —Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
1. C。“ought to / should have+过去分词”表示后悔当初该做但却没做某事。“…也许我本该把详细地址写给她的。”
2. D。“couldn’t have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然“不可能”舒服。
3. C。nearly 暗示“时间不早了”，Jack“按理应当(should)随时(at any moment)”都有可能到达这里。must 语气过强；can 一般不用于肯定推测；need 意义不通，也不用于肯定句。
4. B。mustn’t(不许、千万不)表示禁止。may 表示可能性。句意为“你千万不要玩刀子，可能会弄伤自己的”。 5. D。表示过去具体某次“能够”做成某事只能用 was / were able to 而不用could。
6. B。should 表示按理应当，大概。can 一般不用于肯定推测；用 might 语气太不肯定，顾客可能走掉。 7. A。could have done 表示本可以做但却没有做的事。句意为“你本来可以住在 Barbara 那儿的”；而 must have done 只表示有把握的肯定推测，这与前面具有疑问语气的 Oh, did you?不符。
8. D。语境明显提示“我可能(might)要去听音乐会” (from www.yygrammar.com)。
9. B。表示轻微的责备，句意为“我真的好担心你啊。你当时本不该不说一声就离开家的”。
10. D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这一习惯推断，“他可能不会(may not)坐火车来”。can not“不可能”，语气太肯定。 11. B。can 表示“可以”。should(应该), must(必须), will(愿意)均不符合语境。
12. D。dare 作行为动词时,一般接 to do，但疑问式或否定式中 to 可以省略，此句有疑问口气。 13. A。would 表示过去的习惯(from www.yygrammar.com)。
14. D。在规章中告诫应考者，在收完所有试卷前“必须”留在教室里。
15. A。can 在疑问句中，表示疑惑、怀疑，根据情况可译作“能、可以”等。 16. B。may 表示请求对方允许，即：“我可以做…吗?”
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