一．图表的种类（表格，柱状图，线形图，饼状图，流程图，地图等） 二．解题思路：开头段改写题目，正文段学会分组，结尾段学会总结。（一定要与不要）
三．学员问题：分组问题，时态问题，常备词汇，短语记不住，不会用。 四．常备词汇
五．写什么？：起点（最高值），终点（最低值），拐点，交点，变化趋势，总数（末段）
第一类：表格题目：
剑桥7, Test 1 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category-2002 Country Food/Drinks/TobacClothing/footweaLeisure/Education co r Ireland 28.91% 6.43% 2.21% Italy 16.36% 9.00% 3.20% Spain 18.80% 6.51% 1.98% Sweden 15.77% 5.40% 3.22% Turkey 32.14% 6.63% 4.35% 参考范文：
The table gives the breakdown about data on consumer spending on various items (Food/Drink/Tobacco, Clothing/Footwear and Leisure/Education) in five different countries (Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey) in 2002.
Generally, each country consumed much more in food/drink/tobacco where Turkey dominated the first place with 32.14%, standing in marked contrast with Sweden (only 15.77%) than in other 2 categories. In terms of Clothing/Footwear, Italy expectedly spent most with 9% compared with still Sweden seeing the smallest proportion (5.4%). As for Leisure/Education, it was Turkey and Spain that consumed the most and least with 4.35% and 1.98% respectively.
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Additionally, we can see immediately that in food/drink/tobacco, after Turkey, Ireland, Spain and Italy came in turn with 28.91%, 18.80% and 16.36%. On the contrary, in Clothing/Footwear, we failed to see big gap from Ireland, Spain and Turkey in middle positions which saw different reductions of 2.57%, 2.49% and 2.37% in comparison with Italy, likewise, in Leisure/Education, still small differences were found. To be exact, Turkey was followed by Sweden, Italy and Ireland in a slow falling turn with 3.22%, 3.2% and 2.21%.
In conclusion, people prefer to spend on those products directly relating to food. (189 words)
Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below summarises some data collected by a college bookshop for the month of February 1998.
Write a report describing the sales figures of various types of publications, based on the information shown in the table.
Write at least 150 words. Non-Book Club Members Total Book Club College College Members Members Staff Students of Public Fiction 44 31 --- 76 151 Non-Fictio29 194 122 942 1287 n Magazines 332 1249 82 33 1696 Total 405 1474 204 1051 3134 参考范文：
The table describes some sales figures gathered by a university bookstore for February, 1998.
We can see from the table that the non-book club member figures are made up of sales to college staff, college students and members of the public. More specifically, college staff bought 332 magazines, 44 fiction and 29 non-fiction books while college students bought 1249 magazines, 194 non-fiction books and 31 fiction books. More magazines were sold to college students than any other group of customers. In contrast, although no fiction books were sold to members of the public, they bought
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122 non-fiction books and 82 magazines.
According to the table, book club members bought more fiction (76) and non-fiction books (942) than other customers. On the other hand, magazine sales to club members (33) were fewer than to any other type of customers.
The total number of sales for the month was 3134 (1474 to college students, 405 to staff, 204 to the public and 1051 to book club members). 151 books sold were fiction and 1287 were non-fiction. Therefore, it can be clearly seen from the table that magazines accounted for the greatest number of sales (1696).（192 words）
使用括弧的注意事项：后面不加单位。
剑桥雅思4 Test 1
Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words. Family type Proportion of people from each household type living in poverty Single aged person 6% (54000) Aged couple 4% (48000) Single, no children 19% (359000) Couple, no children 7% (211000) Sole parent 21% (232000) Couple with children 12% (933000) All households 11% (1837000) 官方范文：
The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this
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position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.
Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%). It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.
Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favoured elderly couples (only 4%) rather than single elderly people (6%).
Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples. （154 words）
剑桥雅思2 Test 1 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below shows the consumer durables (telephone, refrigerator, etc.) owned in Britain from 1972 to 1983.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Write at least 150 words. Consumer durables 1972 1974 1976 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 Percentage of households wit central heating 37 43 48 52 55 59 60 64 television 93 95 96 96 97 97 97 98 video 18 vacuum cleaner 87 89 92 92 93 94 95 refrigerator 73 81 88 91 92 93 93 94 washing machine 66 68 71 75 74 78 79 80 dishwasher 3 3 4 4 5 telephone 42 50 54 60 67 75 76 77 官方范文：
The chart shows that the percentage of British households with a range of consumer durables steadily increased between 1972 and 1983. The greatest increase was in telephone ownership, rising from 42% in 1972 to 77% in 1983. Next came central heating ownership, rising from 37% of households in 1972 to 64% in 1983. The percentage of households with
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a refrigerator rose 21% over the same period and of those with a washing machine by 14%. Households with vacuum-cleaners, televisions and dishwashers increased by 8%, 5% and 2% respectively. In 1983, the year of their introduction, 18% of households had a video recorder.
This significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to two thirds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three-quarters. Together with the big increases in the ownership of washing machines and refrigerators, they are evidence of both rising living standards and the trend to lifestyles based on comfort and convenience. (173 words)
第二类：柱状图：
剑桥7, Test 3 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows information about change in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with the average house prices in 1989.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Percentage change in average house prices in five cities
1992-2002 compared with 1989
The given diagrams offer a glimpse of the real estate market in five major cities around the world over two periods, from 1990 to 1995, and from 1996 to 2002
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compared with the average house prices in 1989.
Madrid is the only city which saw housing prices climb throughout the ten-year period. In the first five years, a 2% rise was recorded in Madrid. The increase accelerated in subsequent years, with a 3% gain seen. To great surprise, New York and London underwent similar trend, to be exact, compared with 1989; the latter had a fall of 7% in the first 5 years but enjoyed an astounding 12% increase over the period between 1996 and 2002 as against the former (5%, 5%).
By contrast, the property market of Tokyo was continuously at recession, reflected in an average 6.5% drop. It is a notable that the decrease in the housing price in Frankfurt was narrower, 2% of growth against 1989, but still disappointing, compared to its 3% increase in the first half of 1990s.
To recall, there were significant differences in the housing market in those five cities in the last decade of the last century. While some experienced a long period of growth, the rest were subject to price fluctuations. (209 words)
剑桥雅思4 Test 3 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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官方范文：
The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999.
We can see immediately that there were substantial differences in the proportion of men and women at different levels. The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. By contrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas (70%) and marginally more women reached degree level (55%).
At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts (70% and 30%, respectively), and also constituted 60% of Master's graduates.
Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education, while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men. The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelor's degree, however. (154 words)
剑桥雅思3 Test 2 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European countries. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. Write at least 150 words.
Amount spent on consumer goods
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Thousands pounds sterling
官方范文：
The chart shows that Britain, among the four European countries listed, has spent most heavily on the range of consumer goods included. In every case, British spending is considerably higher than that of other countries; only in the case of tennis racquets does another country, Italy, come close.
In contrast, Germany is generally the lowest spender. This is most evident in photographic film, where Germany spends much less than Britain. Germany only spends more than another country, France, in two cases: tennis racquets and perfumes.
Meanwhile, France and Italy generally maintain middle positions, averaging approximately similar spending overall. Specifically, France spends more on CDs and photographic film but less on tennis racquets than Italy does. Italy's spending on personal stereos is only marginally greater than that of France, while spending on toys is equal between the two.
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It is clear from the data given that there are some significant differences in spending habits within Europe. (155 words)
剑桥雅思3 Test 3 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. Write at least 150 words.
官方范文：
The data shows the differences between developing and industrialised countries' participation in education and science.
In terms of the number of years of schooling received, we see that the length of time people spend at school in industrialised countries was much greater at 8.5 years in 1980, compared to
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2.5 years in developing countries. The gap was increased further in 1990 when the figures rose to 10.5 years and 3.5 years respectively.
We can see a similar pattern in the second graph, which shows that the number of people working as scientists and technicians in industrialised countries increased from 55 to 85 per 1000 people between 1980 and 1990, while the number in developing countries went from 12 to 20.
Finally, the figures for spending on research and development show that industrialised countries more than doubled their spending, from $200bn to $420bn, whereas developing countries actually decreased theirs, from $75bn down to $25bn.
Overall we can see that not only are there very large differences between the two economies but that these gaps are widening. （175 words）
剑桥雅思2 Test 2 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of different employment status.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. Write at least 150 words.
官方范文：
The chart shows the number of hours of leisure enjoyed by men and women in a typical week in 1998-9, according to gender and employment status.
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Among those employed full-time, men on average had fifty hours of leisure, whereas women had approximately thirty-seven hours. There were no figures given for male part-time workers, but female part-timers had forty hours of leisure time, only slightly more than women in full-time employment, perhaps reflecting their work in the home.
In the unemployed and retired categories, leisure time showed an increase for both sexes, as might have been expected. Here, too, men enjoyed more leisure time---over eighty hours, compared with seventy hours for women, perhaps once again reflecting the fact that women spend more time working in the home than men.
Lastly, housewives enjoyed approximately fifty-four hours of leisure, on average. There were no figures given for househusbands! Overall, the chart demonstrates that in the categories for which statistics on male leisure time were available, men enjoyed at least ten hours of extra leisure time. （172 words）
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剑桥雅思2 Test 4 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
Write at least 150 words.
官方范文：
The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned indicate no overall pattern of increase of decrease. In fact there is a considerable fluctuation from country to country.
In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30000 in 1930 to 80000 in 1980. On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand, the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by about 30000 from the 1970 total. Canada is the only country in which the numbers in prison have decreased over the period 1930-1980, although there have been fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis. The prison population in the United States increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be a worrying trend. (169 words)
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剑桥雅思1 Test 3Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. Write at least 150 words.
官方范文：
The chart shows that high income earners consumed considerably more fast foods than the other income groups, spending more than twice as much on hamburgers (43 pence per person per week) than on fish and chips or pizza (both under 20 pence). Average income earners also favoured hamburgers, spending 33 pence per person per week, followed by fish and chips at 24 pence, then pizza at 11 pence. Low income earners appear to spend less than other income groups on fast foods, though fish and chips remains their most popular fast food, followed by hamburgers and then pizza.
From the graph we can see that in 1970, fish and chips were twice as popular as burgers, pizza being at that time the least popular fast food. The consumption of hamburgers and pizza has risen steadily over the 20 year period to 1990 while the consumption of fish and chips has been in decline over that same period with a slight increase in popularity since 1985. (164 words)
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第三类：曲线图 剑桥7 Test 2 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
Fish and meat consumption
官方范文：
The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.
In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).
However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.
The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.
Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period. (174 words)
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剑桥雅思6 Test 1 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
Water consumption in Brazil and Congo in 2000 Population Irrigated land Water consumption per person 176 million 26500 km2 359m3 （Cubic kilometres） 100 km2 kilometer square
官方范文：
The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000.
Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes, and this increased dramatically from about 500 km3 to around 3000 km3 in the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1000 km3, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km3, both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture.
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Country Brazil Democratic Republic 5.2 million of Congo 8m3 The table illustrates the differences in agricultural consumption in some areas of the world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil (26,500km2) with that in the D.R.C. (100km2). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption per person: 359 m3 compared with only 8 m3 in the Congo. With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries. (178 words)
剑桥雅思5 Test 1 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
官方范文：
The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040.
In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time.
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In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (164 words)
第四类：饼状图
剑桥 7，Test 4 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
Units of electricity by fuel source in Australia
官方范文：
The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.
In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.
In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and unclear 第 17 页 共 25 页
power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.
Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power. (206 words)
第五类:流程图
剑桥雅思6 Test 3 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
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官方范文：
The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.
The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 meters long, which mean they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.
Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process. (163 words)
剑桥1, Practice Test 2 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects
up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.
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The diagram shows in four stages how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology ensures the reliability of the weather forecast.
The first stage is called the \"incoming information\" stage, in which raw materials are collected from outer space, on land, or at sea, using satellites, radars, and drifting buoys respectively. And then, this data is analysed and forecasted by experts in the Australia Bureau of Meteorology. At this stage experts study satellite photos, radar screens, and synoptic charts to determine weather conditions. Stage three of the process is when the information is prepared for broadcast. This is done through computers which send all the necessary data to the fourth stage. At this point the weather data is broadcast to the general public in three channels. That is, people in Australia can receive the relatively reliable weather forecast via TV, radio and telephone (recorded announcement).
Overall, the process diagram shows how weather data is collected, studied, prepared, and finally broadcast in Australia. (160 words)
data: You can refer to information as data, especially when it is in the form of facts or statistics that you can analyse. In American English, data is usually a
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plural noun. In technical or formal British English, data is sometimes a plural noun, but at other times, it is an uncount noun.（科林斯高阶英文词典）
第六类：地图题
剑桥雅思5 Test 3 Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
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官方范文：
The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon.
The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-west), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages. (194 words)
Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century. The map below shows the development of the village.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
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图表作文之必备词汇： 开头转述题目句型：
The line graph/bar chart/table/pie chart
demonstrates/describes/illustrates/indicates/outlines/shows/summarises/...后面加名词结构（名词短语或者是宾语从句）。
开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型：
According to .../As is shown in .../As can be seen from...加图表的类型，
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It can be seen from...加图表的类型...that...= It is apparent/clear/evident/manifest/ obvious from the...that...
表示上升的动词：
Ascend (ascended)/ go up (went up)/grow (grew)/increase (increased)/rise (rose) increase和rise也可以做名词。 急剧上升的动词：
jump (jumped)/shoot up (shot up)/soar (soared)/surge (soared) surge可以做名词。
表示下降的动词：
decline / decrease / descend / dip / drop / fall / go down / sink, decrease/drop可以作名词
表示急剧下降的动词： plummet / plunge / toboggan
表示速度快的形容词、副词(加ly)
dramatic / drastic / precipitous / rapid / sharp / steep
dramatically / drastically / precipitously / rapidly / sharply / steeply
表示幅度大的形容词，副词(加ly)： marked / substantial / significant
markedly / substantially / significantly
表示缓慢，逐渐的形容词，副词(加ly) gentle / gradual / slow / steady
gently / gradually / slowly / steadily
表示小幅度的形容词，副词(加ly) modest / moderate / slight
modestly / moderately / slightly
表示波动的动词： fluctuate Fluctuation
表示在一个水平上稳定的动词：
level off /level out/hover/stabilize/reached a plateau 都是不及物动词，动词短语一般加at
Share values have levelled off after yesterday's steep rise.
House prices now seem to be levelling off after the steep rises of the last few years. The rise in the unemployment figures should level out soon.
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表示最高点的动词：
peak at/reach the highest point at peak可以做名词
表示最低点的动词：
reach the bottom at/the lowest point at/bottom out at bottom也可以做名词
表示经历了某种变化的及物动词： experience / see / witness experienced / saw / witnessed
表示达到多少数量的及物动词或词组：
amount to / arrive at / hit / reach / register / stand at
表示占...(后面加百分比或数字)的及物动词或词组： account for / constitute / represent / make up
表示数据由某几部分组成的及物动词或者词组：
A is composed of / comprises / consists of / is made up of...B, C and D.
表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词： expect / forecast / predict / project
表示大约的副词或短语：
about / approximately / around / just over / just under / roughly
表示分别地，各自地的副词：respectively
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