AStudyoftheIssuesconcerningDevelopmentofChina'sAgricultur-alProductLogistics
LixinTANG*
SchoolofManagement，YangtzeUniversity，Jingzhou434023，China
AbstractWiththeimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards，peoplehaveplacedhigherdemandsonbothquantityandqualityofagricultural
products．However，therearemanyproblemsinChina'sagriculturalproductlogistics，suchaslongdistancebetweenprocessing，preservation，coldstorage，packagingbaseandagriculturalproductionbase，greatlossesofagriculturalproductsintheprocessoftransportationandhandlingfromproductionbase，poorroadconditionsinruralareas，inadequatespecialvehicles，refrigeratedtrucksandsealedvans，lowelectronicinfor-mationutilizationrateduringagriculturallogisticstransaction，andlackofagriculturalproductaccessmechanismintheagriculturalwholesalemarket．Basedontheseproblems，webringforwardthemeasurestoimprovethecurrentagriculturalproductlogistics．KeywordsAgriculturalproducts，Logistics，Measures
1Introduction
Thedevelopmentofagricultureisrelatedtothegrowthofthena-tionaleconomy；thedevelopmentofthecountrysideisrelatedtotheharmonyandstabilityofthecountry；theimprovementoffarmers'livingstandardisrelatedtothefairnessandjusticeofthesociety；thedevelopmentoftheagriculturalproductlogisticsisanimportantfactorrelatedtotheissuesconcerningfarmers，country-sideandagriculture．Agriculturalproductlogisticsreferstothephysicalflowprocessofagriculturalproductsfromsupplyplacetodemandplaceaswellasavarietyofresultingactivitiessuchasag-riculturalproductstorage，distribution，transportation，circula-tion，processing，packaging，handlingandlogisticsinformationmanagement．Basedonthebiologicalcharacteristicsofagriculturalproducts，theagriculturalproductlogisticsshouldfollowtheprin-ciplesofsimplecirculationlinks，hightransactionefficiency，shortcirculationtime，andsmalllossinefficiency．Atpresent，therearemanyproblemstobesolvedurgentlyinthedevelopmentofagriculturalproductlogisticsinChina．
2Currentsituationandproblemsaboutthedevelop-mentofagriculturalproductlogisticsinChina
2．1GreatlossesofagriculturalproductsThetraditionalop-erationsystemrouteofagriculturalproductlogisticsisproducers→transportation→handling→storage→packaging→distribution→consumers．Thepackaginginthisrouteisaftertransportation．Theadvantageofthisapproachisthatthepackaginglinkisclosetoconsumers，andtheagriculturalproductscanbeprocessedandpackagedaccordingtothedemandandwishesofconsumers．How-ever，thedisadvantageofthismodeisthatduetothecompleteroomtemperaturelogisticsornaturallogistics，theagriculturalproducts，withoutbeingprocessedwithpackaging，preservation
Ｒeceived：September18，2016Accepted：November20，2016*Correspondingauthor．E-mail：hbguosuzhen@163．com
madedamageandcoldstorage，havesufferednaturalandman-suchaslossandairdryingundernaturalmoisture，loadingand
unloading．
2．2Poorruralroadconditionsandinsufficientspecialvehi-clesThecountryhascarriedoutaprojecttomakeeveryvillagehavearoad，toensurethattheagriculturalproductscanbetrans-portedtotheneighboringcities．However，insomeruralareas，theroadconditionsareverybad，sothereisanurgentneedtoim-provethetransportmeansofagriculturalproducts．Inruralareas，thepickuptruckismainlyusedastransporttoolofagriculturalproducts，andsealedvansarerare．Thecoldstoragevehiclewithrefrigerationmachineryandinsulatedcabinetisevenrare．Ac-cordingtostatistics，theroadrefrigeratedtransportamountofper-ishablefoodonlyaccountsfor20%oftotaltransportamountinChina，andtheremaining80%offruits，vegetables，poultryandaquaticproductsaretransportedbyordinaryconvertibletruck．Indevelopedcountries，coldstoragetransportamountaccountsformorethan90%oftotalfoodtransportamount．
2．3LowutilizationrateofelectronicinformationThepre-viousagriculturalproducttransactionoftentookthetraditionalmodesofstalltransaction，pedlars'markettransactionandwhole-salemarkettransaction．Thetraditionaltransactionmodesandmultiplehandlingofagriculturalproductsdogreatdamagetofrag-ileagriculturalproducts，andthelossofagriculturalproductsisequivalenttotheinterestlossoffarmers．Transactioncannotbecompletedonetime，andfarmersneedtorentthewarehouseofwholesalemarket．Thewarehouserentalcostsarehighexpenditureforfarmers．Inaddition，thetraditionalsettlementoftransactionisstillbasedoncashpayment．Withthepopularizationanddevelop-mentofmodernnetworktechnology，theonlinetradingofagricul-turalproductshasnotbeenpopular，theonlinetradingofagricul-turalproductsisseldomused，andonlinebanking，onlinepay-mentandotherelectronictradingmeansaremoredifficulttouseandimplement．
LixinTANG．AStudyoftheIssuesconcerningDevelopmentofChina'sAgriculturalProductLogistics35
2．4LackofagriculturalproductaccessmechanismTradi-tionalagriculturalproductwholesalemarketisjustabigdistribu-tioncenterforagriculturalproducts．Intheagriculturalharvestseason，thenearbyfarmerscanpaycertainrentalfeestopullthehomegrownagriculturalproductstoagriculturalproductwholesalemarketforsellingorwaitforthebigwholesalersfortrading．Mostoftheconventionalagriculturalproductwholesalemarketorganiza-tionsareloose，lackingthespecializedstaffwhomonitorthequali-tyofagriculturalproductsenteringwholesalemarket，soitisdiffi-culttoensurethequalityofagriculturalproductsinagriculturalwholesalemarket，therebyaffectingthevitalinterestsofconsumers．
3Ｒecommendations
3．1Establishingtheprocessing，preservation，coldstorageandpackagingbaseofagriculturalproductsnearproductionbaseItisnecessarytochangetheorderoftraditionalagriculturalproductlogisticsoperationsystem，andadoptthemodeofproduc-ers—processing，preservation，coldstorageandpackaging—logis-ticsinformationsystemprocessing—distribution—consumers，thatis，fromproducers，theagriculturalproductsgothroughprocess-ing，preservation，coldstorageandpackaging，thenlogisticsinfor-mationprocessing，andfinallyaredeliveredtoconsumers．Basedonthebiologicalcharacteristicsoffreshagriculturalproducts，wecanestablishlarge-scalefreshagriculturalproductprocessing，
preservation，coldstorageandpackagingbasesinthevicinityoffreshagriculturalproductionbase．
3．2Improvingtheconstructionofagriculturalproductlo-gisticsinfrastructureFirstly，itisnecessarytoincreasegovern-mentinvestmentwhileencouragingindividuals，groups，andfor-eignmerchantstoinvestinagriculturalproductdistributionfacilityconstruction．Intheagriculturalproductionareasofgrain，vegeta-bles，fruits，eggs，aquaticproducts，flowersandspeciallocalproducts，itisnecessarytofocusonbuildinganumberofagricul-turalwholesalemarketswithstrongdistributionfunction；activelydevelopchainstores，directmarketingandothernewdistributionorganizations；acceleratetheestablishmentofagriculturallogisticsservicesystemcoveringagriculturalproductstorage，processing，transportationanddistribution；speedupthedevelopmentandpro-ductionofagriculturalstorageandtransportationtoolsandequip-ments；strengthentransportationconstruction，andconstantlyim-provetransportnetwork，toimproveaccessibilityoftheroadnet-work．
3．3Speedinguptheagriculturalproductlogisticsinforma-tion-basedconstructionFirstly，
itisnecessarytogivefullplaytotheroleofagriculturaldistributionorganizationsininformationcollection，transmissionandfeedback，andmakefulluseofalltypesofagriculturalproductcirculationinformation；promotetheupgradingofruralindustrialstructure，andvigorouslydevelopin-formationintermediaryorganizations，informationconsultingfirms
andotherintermediaryserviceorganizations，
tostrengthentheroleofinformationinpromotingagriculturalproductlogistics；establish
multi-channel，multi-
levelagriculturallogisticsinformationsys-tem，setuptheagriculturalmarketforecastingsysteminvolvingthedepartmentsconcerningagriculture，transportation，industryandcommerceandstatistics，andbuildaunifiedagriculturalmar-ketsupplyanddemand，tradeandpriceinformationcollection，collationandreleasesystemintheprovince；usetheInternet，tel-evision，newspapersandothermediatomakefarmerskeepabreastofthelatestagriculturalinformation，andreducetheuncertaintyandblindnessintheagriculturalproductionandsaleprocess．3．4FosteringanddevelopingagriculturalproductlogisticsintermediaryorganizationsandfarmerbrokersTheagricul-turallogisticsintermediaryorganizationsgenerallyusethepatternsof\"companies+farmers\"and\"associations+farmers\"．The\"com-panies+farmers\"patterntakescompaniesasleaders，andestabli-shesstablepurchaseandsalerelationswithfarmerstoprocessandsellagriculturalproducts．Asindependentlegalentity，theleadingenterpriseshavetheabilityoffinancing，assetintegration，marketoperationandmodernenterprisemanagement，andhaveadvantagesinmarketdevelopmentandbrandcreation．The\"associations+farmers\"patternmeansthatthefarmersengagedintheproductionandoperationofsimilarproductsarevoluntarilyorganizedtoimple-mentself-management，self-serviceandself-developmentintermsoftechnology，
capital，information，procurement，processing，storage，transportationandotheraspects，withaviewtoimprovingcompeti-tivenessandincreasingmembers'income．Throughtheselogisticsintermediaryorganizations，wecanimprovethedegreeoforganiza-tionforfarmerstoenterintomarket，protecttheinterestsoffarmers，achievelarge-scaleandintensiveagriculturalmarketing，improve
circulationefficiencyofagriculturalproducts．3．5Vigorouslydevelopingthethird-partylogisticsWith
thegrowthoflogisticsmarketofagriculturalproducts，therehavebeenthird-partylogisticsenterprisesspecializinginthestorageand
transportation，distributionandprocessingofagriculturalprod-ucts．Astheexternalorganizationofagriculturalproductionandmarketing，thethird-partylogisticsusesmoderntechnologytore-ducetheunnecessaryparts，andstrengthendivisionoflaborandcollaborationwithagriculturalproductionprocesses，soastofur-therreducelogisticscostsofagriculturalproductsandimprovelo-gisticsefficiency．
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