小学英语语法及音标复习要点
一、名词
可数名词：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。 可数名词复数的规则变化 构 成 法 A.在一般情况下,词尾加-s 例 词 book--books bed--beds bus--buses B.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词,词尾加-es box--boxes dish--dishes watch--watches C.以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe改成v,再加-es D.以o结尾的单词,有生命的物质加-es, 无生命的物质加-s E.以辅音字母加y结尾,先y将改i,再knife--knives wife--wives tomato--tomatoes photo--photos family--families 加上-es city--cities 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children
foot-feet, tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese
不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质 （grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如some water）,不能与不定冠词连用。 二、一般现在时
一般现在时的功能：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成：1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
注意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。）
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加\"-s\"或\"-es\"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。）
一般现在时的变化：1. be动词的变化。
肯定句：主语+be+其它。 如：He is a worker. 他是工人。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)
如：I am a student.
-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the tree? Where is your bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如：I like bread.
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。 如：He ofter plays football.
He doesn't often play football. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do, does）
如：I often play football.
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。
如：She goes to school by bike. - Does she go to school by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。
如：She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bike? How does she go to school? 一般现在时动词第三人称单数的变化规则 构 成 法 A.一般动词在词尾加-s B.以s, x , ch，sh，结尾的动词在词尾加-es C.以o结尾的动词在词尾加-es 例 词 help--helps make -- makes teach - -teaches wash - -washes go--goes do--does D.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先y变为i，再加-es fly -- flies study -- studies carry -- carries E.不规则变化 have---has 一般现在时用法专练: 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
go _______ stay ________have_______ pass_______ watch______ plant_______ fly ________study_______do_________ teach_______ 二、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 6. Whose dress ______ this? 7. Whose socks ______ they?
8. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 9. Some tea ______ in the glass.
10. There _______ some bread on the plate. 三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. David and Tom _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Mike _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 四、按照要求改写句子
1. David watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
_______________________________________________________ ____________________________
4. Helen likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________ 8. Jim comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________
10. Tom and David like going skating.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________ 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ 三、现在进行时 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（句中一般含有now, look, listen.） 2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 如：Tom is reading books in his study . 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 如：Tom is reading books in his study .
Tom is not reading books in his study .
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 如：Tom is reading books in his study .
Is Tom reading books in his study ？
5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+一般疑问句?
（注意：当划线部分包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首，原划线处应加上doing）
如：Tom is reading books in his study . Tom is reading books in his study . Is Tom reading books in his study ? Is Tom reading books in his study ? What is Tom doing in his study? Where is Tom reading books? 现在进行时动词 ing形式 构 成 法 A.一般加-ing B.以e结尾的词去e后加-ing 例 词 work--working study--studying live--living write--writing C. 动词为单音节：以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾，辅音字母双写，再加ing;动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节，以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写，再stop--stopping run -- running swim -- swimming begin -- beginning 加 ing 现在进行时专项练习： 一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play_____________ run______________ swim _____________make______________ go______________ like____________ write_____________ _ski_____________ read_____________ have____________ sing _____________ dance___________ put______________ see____________ buy _____________ love____________ take______________ come _____________ get_____________stop____________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) ______________________________________________________________ _____________________ _____________________
3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________ 四、现在进行时翻译练习 1.我正在读英语。
I ________ ___________ English. 2.他正在写字。
He ______ _________.
3.你正在唱歌吗？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。
_______ you ________? Yes, ______ ______ _________. / No, _______ _______ _________. 4.他(她)在听音乐吗？
________ he/she __________ _______ _________? 5.你正在干什么？ 我正在做作业。
_______ are you _______? I’m ______ _________ _____________.
四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天） 二、基本结构：①be going to + do；如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.
②will+ do. 如：I will go swimming tomorrow.
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.→ I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. I will go swimming tomorrow. →I will not go swimming tomorrow.
四、一般疑问句： be动词或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.→ Are you going to go swimming tomorrow? I will go swimming tomorrow. →Will you go swimming tomorrow? 五、对划线部分提问。(疑问词+一般疑问句?)
一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1、问人。Who 例如：I am going to school. Tom will go to school. Are you going to school? Will Tom go to school? Who’s going to school? Who will go to school?
2、问干什么。What … do？例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon？ My father will watch a race with me this afternoon. Will your father watch a race with you this afternoon.？
What will your father do with you this afternoon？
3、问什么时候。When.例如：She is going to swim at nine. She will swim at nine. Is she going to swim at nine？ Will she swim at nine？
When is she going to swim？ When will she swim?
六、同义句：be going to = will (be going to 常指客观情况，will 常指主观情况) I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
一、填空。
1．我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2．下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3．你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 二、改句子。
1. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 2. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.
3. I'm going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 4. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
5. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 五、一般过去时 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn't） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren't）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn't +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.
Jim didn't go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：Jim went home yesterday.
Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday? What did Jim do yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则： 一般过去时 -ed形式 构 成 法 A.一般动词在词尾加-ed B.以e结尾的动词在词尾加-d C. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先y变为i,再加-ed D. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母加-ed 不规则动词过去式： do—did is/am—was are—were have—had go—went read—read eat—ate buy—bought take—took sing—sang dance—danced see—saw
例 词 cook--cooked play -- played live -- lived fly -- flied study -- studied stop -- stopped plan -- planned get—got leave—left swim—swam study—studied fly—flew say—said come—came run—ran tell—told drink—drank find—found
写出下列动词的过去式
is\\am_____________ fly____________are ____________ put ____________ drink_____________ go______________ make ________ do __________ dance__________ eat____________ draw____________pass____________ 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1．I _______ at school just now.
2．He ________ at the camp last week. 3．We ________ students two years ago.
4．They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5．Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6．There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 二、句型转换 1. It was exciting.
否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2. All the students were very excited.
否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习 A、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。 形容词比较级 er形式规则 构 成 法 A.一般直接加-er B.如果以-e结尾，直接加-r C. 闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母须双写这个字母，再加-er D. 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i,再加-er. 3．不规则形容词比较级：good-better 例 词 long -- longer nice -- nicer big -- bigger heavy -- heavier
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级
old______________ young____________ tall___________ long____________ short____________ strong____________ big____________ small___________
thin______________ heavy__________ nice_____________ good_____________ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 3. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
4. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 5. My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she). 七、There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最靠近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？ 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What's + 介词短语？
Fill in the blank with \"have,has\"or \"there is , there are\" 1. I________a good father and a good mother. 2. ____________a telescope on the desk. 3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground. 5. She__________some dresses. 6. They___________a nice garden. 7. What do you___________?
8. ______________a reading-room in the building? 9. What does Mike___________?
10. ______________any books in the bookcase? 用恰当的be动词填空。
1、There _______ a lot of sweets in the box. 2、There _______ some milk in the glass.
3、There _______ some people under the the big tree. 4、There _______ a picture and a map on the wall. 5、There _______ a box of rubbers near the books.
6、There _______ lots of flowers in our garden last year. 7、There _______ four cups of coffee on the table.
八、人称代词和物主代词
1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。 人称代词 物主代词 形容词 主格 宾格 名词性 性 我 I me 我的 my mine 你，你们 you you 你的，你们的 your yours 他 he him 他的 his his 她 she her 她的 her hers 它 it it 它的 its its 我们 we us 我们的 our ours 他（她，它）他（她，它）们they them their theirs 们 的 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it's not _________ . ( I )
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but where's _________? ( you ) 8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) 10. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he ) 二、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。
1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.
9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his） 三、单项选择。
( ) 1. My uncle gave a new bike to ________.
A. theirs B. they C. me D. I ( ) 2. This is a photo of _____family. May I have one of ______? A. yours; my B. my; yours C. your; my D. yours; mine ( ) 3. Here’s a postcard for you, Jim! — Oh, ___is from Mary.
A. he B. it C. she D. it’s
( ) 4. They asked _______some questions ________ English. A. me; about B. I; about C. I; with D. me; with ( ) 5. Help________ answer the questions.
A. I B. my C. me D. mine ( ) 6. These are my books. Where are ________?
A. their B. theirs C. my D. your 四、改错
1. Mine wallet is on the bed.
2. This isn’t Mike’s watch , it’s her. 3. Is this your teapot? No, it’s theirs teapot. 4. Whose comb is it? It’s our. 补充：
名词所有格：
1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Children’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如： today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口).
(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。
如：
a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).
2、[注解]：① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽
丽合住的卧室)
③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) 缩略形式
写出下列词的完全形式
can't_________ I'd_________ aren't________ they're ____ let's_________ wasn't_______ that's________ don't _____ when's_______ didn't________ you're_______ doesn't ___
he's________ she's________ I'm_______ isn't _________ I've________ shouldn't_______ I'll_________ who's ______ 冠词
1、冠词分类
英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。 2、不定冠词a / an的用法：
不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。
不定冠词的基本用法：
(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。) (4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐
厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语：a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。 3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
定冠词的基本用法：
(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)
(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。) (3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)
(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。) (5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)
(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)
(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山) (9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个
月格林一家要去峨眉山)
(11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样) 介词：
1、介词的主要用法：
介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的．．其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：out of(从…中出来), away from(距离…), next to(在…隔壁), in front of(在…前方)等。
2、介词的分类表： (见下表)
地点(位置、范围)介词： after在…后面, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, beside
在...旁边, between在...之间, from来自..., in在...里面, near靠近..., on在...上面, outside在....外面, under在...下方, in front of在...前, in the middle of在...的中间, at the back of在...的后部,等等。 方向(目标趋向)介词： along沿着..., around绕着..., at朝着..., down向…下, for向..., from
从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., near接近..., off脱离/除..., out of向...外, outside向....外, to向/朝..., up向...上, away from远离... 时间介词：about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, for有…(之久),
from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午); on在(某日), past过了…(时), to到(下一时刻), 方式介词：as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/
徒(步), with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼),
涉及介词: about关于..., in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., to对…而言, with就…而言 其它介词:
【目的介词】 for为了..., to为了…
【伴随/状态介词】 at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色), on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着...
3、介词短语在句子中的位置：
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/
涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗？) 4、重要注释：
⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任
何介词。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒)
⑵ 记住一些固定词组： on foot(步行), at night(在晚上), play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看), with one’s help(在…的帮助下),look after(照料…),look for(寻找…),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…)等等。 5、某些介词的用法辨析：
⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时
句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间； 表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院)
⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于
一般时态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)
⑶ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘
坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”, in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)
用适当的介词填空:
1. Tom is the boy _______ glasses.
2. Please read some books ________ Chinese medicine. 3. She works in the day and has a rest ______ night. 4. My uncle works _______ a farm.
5. Mr Black and Yang Ling are talking _________ a party. 6. She wants _____ buy a sweater ______ her daughter. 7. It’s a map ____ China.
8. Let’s have a look _____ the picture. 9. What’s that _____ Chinese? 10. I’m _____ Class One. 基数词和序数词
基数词 序数词
1 one first/1st 2 two second/2nd 3 three third/3rd 4 four fourth/4th 5 five fifth/5th 6 six sixth/6th 7 seven seventh/7th 8 eight eighth/8th 9 nine ninth/9th 10 ten tenth/10th 11 eleven eleventh/11th 12 twelve twelfth/12th 20 twenty twentieth/20th 21 twenty-one twenty-first/21st 22 twenty-two twenty-second/22nd 23 twenty-three twenty-third/23rd 基数词变序数词变化规则 1，2，3，单独记； 8后少t, 9少e； 5，12去ve变为fth；
整十位数变 y 为 ie 再加 th ；
大于20的两位数只将个位变序数词。
第一 第二 第三 第四 第五 第六 第七 第八 第九 第十 第十一 第十二 第二十 第二十一 第二十二 第二十三
情态动词：
我们现在学过的情态动词有：can, will, would, may, must, should。 情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）
特殊疑问句. What What are you doing？ (问什么事,什么物What is that? 或什么工作) Ｗhat is she?(What’s her job?) I’m reading. It’s a book. She’s a nurse. What colour(问颜What colour is your coat? It’s red. 色) What shape (问开What shape is the moon? 状) What time（时间） What time is it? What’s the time? What …… job(职What’s your job? 业) What time/when (什么时候) Which（哪一个） Who（谁） Whose（谁的） Where（哪里） Why（为什么） What time/ When do you get up? When is your birthday? It’s seven. I’m a student. I get up at six thirty. It’s on the 21st of December. It’s a circle. Which is your watch, the yellow The yellow is mine. one or the white one? Who is the man with a big nose? Whose bag is it? Whose is this bag? Where is my ball pen? Why do you like summer? He’s my uncle. It’s his bag. It’s under the book. I like summer because… How many （多少） How many books are there in the There are four books in the school bag? school bag. How old （几岁） How old is the young man? How much（多少How much is the toy bear? 钱） How （怎么样） How far (多远) How do you go to school I go to school by car. everyday? How far is it from here? It’s 5 kilometers away. Me too. He’s nineteen. It’s eleven yuan. How about (怎么I like pandas. How about you? 样)
PEP小学英语音标 长元音 元 音 12个单元音 短元音 8个双元音 清辅音 10对 浊辅音 [i] [ə] [iə] [f] [v] [ɒ] [ɛə] [s] [z] [u] [əu] [θ] [ð] [æ] [uə] [ ∫ ] [ʒ] [e] [au] [tʃ] [dʒ] [Λ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [i:] [ə:] [ɔ:] [u:] [a:] [ai] [ei] [ɔi] [p] [t] [b] [d] [m] [n] [h] [r] [w] [j] [k] [g] [ŋ] [l] 辅 音 3个鼻音 3个似拼音 2个半元音 元音：a e i o u
英语音标及字母组合对照
1.元音:
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei （eo ey i） three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me
piece receive ceiling
2) [ I ]发音字母 i y e ui u a
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [ æ ] 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a （ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay） head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [ ʌ ] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood
9) [ɔ: ]字母组合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn
four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter
10) [ ɔ ] ([ɒ])发音字母 o a ou
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two
true truth blue full prude 12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book wood should could
put full bull pull push woman wolf
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break
rain paint plain they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal
17) [ ɔɪ ] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice 18) [iε] 字母组合 eer ear beer deer ear near
here fierce idea
19) [ ɛə ] ([eə])字母组合ear air ere pear bear
chair air fair there where care
20) [uε] [auə]字母组合our ower hour tour flower shower
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