Text A Hit the Nail on the Head
Comprehension 1. B. II. CCCA II. Paraphrase
1. A writer who is particular about the exactness of an expression in English will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately.
2. To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use is a process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately express your thoughts and feelings, and words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feeling.
3. Finding the most suitable word to use is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight we shall experience when such a word is located.
4. Once we are able to use language accurately, we are in a position to fully understand the subject matter. III. Choices
1-5 Unskillful, skillful, vague, tricky, accurate,
6-10: Alteration, ambiguous, conscientious, want of knowledge, drawbacks 11-15: developing, erroneous, trivial, dim, adaptable, 16-20: subtle, emotional, quintessence, compulsion, absorbing
Text B Things: the Throw-away Society
Comprehension 1.C
II. FTFFT TFF II. Paraphrase
1. The reason why Barbie is deeply loved so much by little girls is that she looks just like a real person in real life who can be dressed up in the way they wish.
2. Moreover Mattel made public that, for the first time, all girls who want to buy a new Barbie from its company were to be given the right of turning in their old dolls in exchange for new models at a reduced price.
3. But more and more, man-made products form a very important part in the lives of people.
4. Technologically produced things come to be accepted by people and are beginning to shape their mentality. His mind is filled with and influenced by artificial/man-made things.
5. The number of man-made things is growing at full speed. This is true both when the number itself alone is considered and when it is compared to the growth of the objects in the natural environment.
6. This difference seems most noticeable between the modern throw-away-oriented girls who, on the one hand, are delighted in replacing their out-of-date Barbie for up-to-date ones, and the traditional girls, on the other hand, who like their mothers and grandmothers, are unwilling to throw away their dear little dolls until they are so old as to become broken/until they fall apart.
7. The practice whereby people use a product and then quickly discard it may readily be rejected by those accustomed by scarcity to holding on to their old possessions. III. Choices
1-5: BCDBD 6-10: CBDBC IV. Choices
1-5 ACDAA 6-9 CBCB
Unit 2
Text A Grouping the Gifted, Pro
Comprehension I. C II. TTFTT II. Paraphrase
1. In my opinion, gifted children are children who are specially endowed with natural abilities which rank high on testing scales.
2. I firmly hold the opinion that children should be grouped intimately according to their interest and ability and go through a form of training that will develop their abilities to the utmost.
3. It is the teacher, rather than the way that the classes are formed, that influences the students in how they look at differences in ability among themselves.
4. I am confident that if teachers are aware of individual differences and motivate young people in different ways, the students will develop through cultivating their own interests & abilities. III. Choices
1-5. ACBDC 6-10.DACBB 11-15. ADACA
Text B The Plug-in Drug: TV & American Family
Comprehension I. B
II. TTTTF TF II. Paraphrase
1. Children have become television addicts, devoting much of the time when they are together to watching TV.
2. Television is not simply just one among many important factors that may influence a child today. 3. Through the great changes it has brought about in family life, television is shaping the lives of children today by playing the dominant role in family life.
4. … the television has its magic power over people. As soon as the television is on, people stop talking, do nothing else but watching TV, and become lifeless statues before the TV screen. They will remain so till the end of the program.
5. The moment a child sits down to watch television is the moment his growth towards maturity is stopped for the moment. III. Choices
1-5. DDCAB 6-10. CABDC 11-15.DACDB
Unit 3 Text A Appetite
Comprehension I. B II. TTTF II. Paraphrase
1. The whole good taste of toffees decreases/became less & less without one’s knowing it because of the clearly wrong & unacceptable act of having eaten it.
2. As far as I am concerned, the greatest pleasure appetite can offer is the longing for what I have yet to achieve rather than to feel satisfied with what I have already achieved.
3. that is why I would keep my appetite to such a degree that I would stop eating for some time on purpose, because I think that appetite is so valuable that a person should not destroy it by eating or doing too many things he or she likes.
4. I refuse to eat too much food from time to time, but it does not mean that I refuse pleasure. In fact, it is a good way to prepare me for even greater pleasure of eating very much on rare occasions. 5. Life is short and valuable. Appetite is something that protects life. If we lose it, we will die. III. Choices
1-10 DBDAB CADBA 11-20 DCABC CACCA
Text B Beauty
Comprehension I. A
II. F T T F T F II. Paraphrase
1. We not only draw a sharp line between ― with great skillfulness ― the “inside” (character, intellect) & the “outside” (looks); but we are in fact surprised when someone who is beautiful is also full of wisdom, talents & goodness of nature.
2. For about 200 years, people have generally agreed to consider that beauty only belongs to women, who, no matter how beautiful they are, have always lower social position than men.
3. However successful a woman may be in her career as a politician, lawyer, doctor, businesswoman, or whatever, she has to feel it is necessary for her to try hard to make herself attractive.
4. The unjust attitudes towards women, which is both pitiable and laughable, is the most powerful proof as to how harmful it can be to judge a person by refusing to take both inner beauty and outer beauty into consideration.
5. But to get out of the difficult situation requires that women keep themselves away by a significant distance from that excellence and honor which is beauty, enough distance to see how much beauty itself is devalued in order to support the unbelievable idea of women power. II. Vocabulary
A. preen, fretful, wary, interminable, lamely, obligation, paradoxical
B. complement, complement, complementary, compliment, compliments, complement, complemented
Unit 4
Text A Cultivating a Hobby
Comprehension I. B
II. TFTF II. Paraphrase
1. The more you attempt to shake off your worry, the harder it will be for you to get rid of it/ have it off
your mind. 2. It is not a good idea to begin thinking of pursuing a hobby when you have already grown old.
3. It is no good believing that you are in a position to enjoy at a moment's notice any pastime which
happens to catch your fancy; pleasure comes from exerting one's talents in a hobby suited to one's circumstances. 4. Since those very wealthy people can afford to get access to almost anything they may think of and to turn
the most fanciful ideas into reality, there is nothing in this world that can interest or excite them any more. To them, a new pleasure, a new excitement may very often make them even more bored about life. 5. In fact, it is probably those whose work provides them with their enjoyment are those who are most in
need of periodic distractions from their work.
III. Choices
1-5 ACCDA 6-10. DBBCD 11-15. ADBBC
Text B Why Nothing Works
Comprehension I. C
II. TFFTT
II. Paraphrase
1. People spend much of their lifetime trying hard to keep things in good shape. They think a product, after leaving its factory, should last at least for a reasonably long period before ceasing to work.
2. Quality-control instruments and testing devices are also governed by Murphy's Law, so they are not reliable.
3. Look at the artifacts of the pre-industrial era exhibited in a museum and you will see that technology is not the factor that decides the quality of these items.
4. If a handmade basket or boat is made by an inexperienced or irresponsible worker, it may break down as easily as machine-made baskets or boats.
5. My opinion is that it is the social relationship between producer and consumer rather than the technological relationship between producer and product that makes \"handmade\" items so highly regarded. III. Choices
1-5. ABADA 6-10. CCBDB 11-15. DCBCD 16-20. ADDBD
Unit 5 Text A Dull Work
Comprehension I. II.
D
BCDC
II. Paraphrase
1. It is a widely accepted belief that people of great abilities cannot bear regular work or life and that they need a frequently changing, exciting life in order to do their best.
2. The truly creative people are able to turn something unimportant to the other into something extremely great and valuable.
3. If a person’s life is full of changes, he or she can do nothing but feel tired all the time.
4. Only those poets, writers etc who are neither good nor bad, will always try to look for exciting things to help them achieve more in the writing.
5. If anyone feels bored with his or her ordinary job, it is likely he or she is a person who does not know how to make good use of their spare. III. Choices I. DABAB AA
Text B Euphemism
Comprehension I. C
II. FTTTT
II. Paraphrase
1. What we call things affects us understand the nature of the things.
2. It seems that human beings naturally think that names of things are inseparable from the things they represent. This is a most interestingly false idea.
3. With the changes of the names of things, you have changed their images in the mind of people. This is in fact a change in what the things really are.
4. It is true that the teacher is euphemizing when he asks us to use “culturally different children” instead of “slum children”, but what he is really doing is to try to turn our attention to an aspect of life that might easily be paid no attention to by people.
5. People are just as frank when they say someone “passed away” as when they say he or she “was dead”. III. Vocabulary
A. 1. divert 2. alienate 3. hideous 4. expunge 5. phony
6. partial 7. perspective 8. in the same vein 9. down-to-earth 10. auspicious 11. exalted 12. be associated with
B. 1-5. BABBB 6-10. AABAC 11-15. BCDAB 16. D
Unit 6
Text A Red Light for Scofflaws
Comprehension I. B. II. T F F F T II. Paraphrase
1. Spitting on the sidewalk is against the law and very unpleasant. But the harm it does to others seems
insignificant when compared with the danger a company causes by burying poisonous chemical waste in a place where it is not permitted.
2. Driving through the intersection of a street with no regard to the red light is generally considered as
misbehavior of little importance. But when it develops into a social habit, it becomes a great deal more serious than a mere traffic problem.
3. Those drivers and walkers who always obey the traffic laws are always upset, angry and feel
inconvenient or even in danger of being killed by those who do not obey the traffic laws. The impact of red-light running is huge because it is so easy for people to notice it.
4. Although they may be different in one way or another, today people who break the law habitually are
in fact like each other, which shows that our society has been morally worse and worse. That is to say, people are becoming unable to control their behaviors even if they are harmful to other people.
5. The most upsetting thing about the scofflaw spirit is that it spreads rapidly and widely. Only a totally
foolish society would not anything to stop it.
III. Choices
1-5. CADDB 6-10. ADADB 11-15.CBCDB 16-18. BCD
Text B Walls & Barriers
Comprehension I. II.
B
CACCA B
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