方法论
➢ 听力技能训练 ➢ 听力各题型解题攻略
一、听力技能训练
发音现象
笔记——重点信息的提取如何进行精听+听写 1、 发音现象
专四听力讲义 第二部分 方法论
连音/不完全爆破/弱读音节/同音、近音词分辨/英美音发音区别 •
连音（同一个意群 or 说话较快时）
前一单词辅音结尾+后一单词元音开头=新音节an appointment as it is half an hour real estate there is
in addition; fail in; put into; and of equal…
• 不完全爆破
1. 辅音／p／,／b／,／t／,／d／,／k／,／g／是爆破音。当一个爆破音的后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时，
前一个爆破音只按其发音部位做好发音口形、形成阻碍，而不爆破出来，稍微停顿后即发出后面的辅音，这种现象称为不完全爆破。 spectacular／spe(k)ˈtækjulɚ／ countdown／ˈ kaun(t)daun/ great power／grei(t) ˈpaʊɚ／ victim／ˈ vi(k)tim／ 2.
英语音标中还有一种摩擦音，它们是／f／,／v／,／s／,／ z／,／dz／,／ts／,／h／ ,当爆破音
后面紧跟着摩擦音时，只有轻微爆破，也称为不完全爆破。 outside ／ˈaʊ(t)ˌsaɪd ／ big house ／ˈ bi(g) ˈ haus／ good friend ／ˈ gu(d) ˈ frend／ can't sing／ ˈ ka：n(t) ˈ sɪŋ ／
• 弱读音节：从词性上看，它们大多为单音节的限定词，助动词，be 动词、介词、和人称代词等，如：
some ／sʌm／－／səm ／－／sm／
1
have／hæv／－/ həv／-／v／ must／mʌst／-／məst／- / ms / and／ænd／- / ənd / - / ən／ of／ov／-／əv /- /v/ - /f/ were /w3:/- / wə／
• 同音、近音词分辨——同音异意词 worn-warn past—passed peace—piece rose—rows cent—sent cell—sell scheme—skim site—sight would fourth—forth
all together—altogether heal—heel band—banned hour—our bare—bear floors—flaws flour 一flower steal—steel wood—— compliment—complement
• 同音、近音词分辨——近音异形词 adopted-adapted
elephant tusks-elephant tasks appeal-a pill pass-path pull-pool
conserve-concern knives-lives cut-cart full-fool
odd-awed bald-bored council-cancel payment-pavement poor-pour stock-stalk hut-heart
loose-lose
shells-shares
• 英美音发音区别
英美音差异主要反映在字母a, o，r 的不同读音上 1) 字母a 英式读作/a:/，美式则读作/æ/ e.g. ask, can‘t, dance, fast 2) 字母o 英式读作/ɔ/,美式则读作近似/a/ e.g. box, hot, pot
3) 字母r 英式读音中不含卷舌音/r/，而美语的r 音节中含卷舌音/r/ e.g. car, river, door, party, board
kilometer 英:/‘kɪləˌmi:tə/ adult schedule direct leisure
英:/ə'dʌlt/ 英:/'ʃedjuːl/ 英:／dəˈrekt／ 英:/ˈleʒə/
美:/kɪˈlɑmɪtɚ/ 美:/'ædʌlt/ 美:/'skɛdʒul/ 美:／daɪˈrekt／ 美:/ˈli:ʒə/
can/can’t would/wouldn’t
2
e.g. A. Save up for their future education.
B. Pay for small personal things. C. Buy their own shoes and socks. D. Make donations when necessary.
【原文】
W: Would you? And what would you expect them to do with it?
M: Well, out of that, they'd have to buy some small personal things, but I wouldn't expect them to save to buy their own socks, for example.
Q: Supposing the man had children, what would he expect them to do with their pocket money?
2. 笔 记 记录原则：
常见符号： •
数学符号： ＜表示less than ＞表示more than ＋表示many, good
－表示 little, few, be short of ＝表示 in other words, be equal to ≠ 表示be different from × 表示not, negative, wrong ∵ 表示because ∴ 表 示 therefore, so •
箭头符号：
↑表示 increase, add, higher ↓表示decrease, reduce, lower ↗表示develop →表示lead to, result in
←表示resulted from, caused by •
英语符号和缩写： ＆表示and w/表示 with w/o 表示without vs 表 示 against e.g.表示example
表示important
缩写原则：保留辅音
笔记也可灵活运用中文
3
e.g. And I kept my hand up because I did the reading and know the answer. 笔记：
e.g.：Essentially, the traditional view, a view that has been prevalent for over 250 years, is that the Romans copied Greek sculptures because they couldn’t create sculpture of their own. But finally some contemporary art historians have challenged this view. 笔记：
记录原则： •
重点把握句子主语、谓语，及对象发生的事件 （了解基本的语法结构） 1. 被动语态 (be done)
2. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词） 3. 三大从句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句） •
注意听表达观点态度的词句
believe, maintain, consider, in my point of view, in my opinion, as I see it, in the eyes of…, as for me, as far as I’m concerned, according to • •
根据敏感听力词提示，记录后续重点 （转折、因果等）
若有小标题总结，大概记录分论点关键词（有实义的 n. v. adj/adv.）
3. 如何进行精听
如何进行听写 精听训练：
1. 审题 2. 不间断听力 3. 查阅
4. 视听（边听边读） 5. 裸听 p.s. 查阅：
· 核对答案
· 找出选项及原文所有不会及不熟单词及短语，做好笔记 · 分析每道题正确和错误的理由
· 确认所有选项及答案对应的原文处可以通顺的翻译成中文
听写： •
听写训练 1、选取合适的文章
2、先练习抓取重要信息（关键词）
3、再练习记录完整句子
4、不断缩减听音次数 •
跟读训练：加强即时反应，增加储存记忆。影子原则
4
•
养成英语思维模式：汉语“意合”，英语“形合”
实战练习：
笔记：
low-context culture：
反 ，separate，have meaning in itself ，X surrounding/ context ∴
event，X context
原 文 ：Now, let’s move on to low-context culture. A low-context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event, or the action is of separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. That the message, the event, the action has meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture is that people pay more attention to the event itself, rather than to the context which surrounds the event or the message.
二、听力各题型解题攻略
Dictation 题型特点选材分析考查能力
答题步骤及考点突破
➢ 题型特点：
1. 4 遍-10 个-15s 2. 语速 120 词/min
3. 选材原则：日常校园、社会生活
篇幅长度 80-90 词左右
4. 测试目的：听力理解能力
拼写熟练程度 正确运用标点符号
➢ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
历年题材分析
Emotional Reaction to Music Think Positive and Feel Positive Male and Female Roles in Marriage Limiting the Growth of Technology What Are Dreams for? Eco-tourism
British Holidaying Habits Freshmen’s Week New Year’s Eve Choosing a Career
11.
Advertising
5
➢ 考查能力： 英语能力方面 非英语能力方面
英语能力方面：
语音知识
词汇——熟练听写（速度＋准确性） 基本语法知识 分段或标点符号
标点符号——节间标点
若停顿前的意群主谓宾结构已经完整，且后面是有独立主谓宾结构的另一意群，前面停顿处即为句号。
e.g.
Yet the Internet has the potential for good and bad.／One can find well-organized, information-rich websites．
若前后两个分句在意思上是独立的，但两句中间有连词连接(如 and，but，then, thus，so，because 等)，则两句间或连词前仍用逗号.
you…
e.g.
If you believe that your dreams are important, / then analyzing them may help This made doing business much easier,／but people still found coins inconvenient
to carry.
Because going aboard is more expensive, ／more British people are choosing to
spend their summer holidays in the UK.
若两小节虽朗读上有停顿，但意义上却属于完整的一句话，则停顿处没有标点符号，这种情况一般出现在固定搭配、时间或条件从句以及定语从句等情况下.
e.g.
They always have to remind their customers／of the name and qualities of their
products by advertising．
They live in the salt water from two to seven years／until they are ready to swim
back to reproduce．
People often don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth /
when they buy advertised products…
标点符号——节内标点
句首的副词、时间状语、地点状语、不定式等形式后面一般需有逗号
· However, these changes…
· First，… ／ Second,…／Third, … / And finally…； · In today’s business work, …
· In the past, …／ In Africa, …／ Originally, …
· To solve this problem, …／Besides, … / As a result, … / Today, …
小节内的插入语也需要用逗号分隔
The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive, …
其他情况
6
· There are lots of names for these new forms of tourism: / responsible tourism, nature
tourism, …
· Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties, / while some just go for a few
drinks…
非英语能力方面：
速记 记 忆 力 评分标准卷面整洁 回顾评分标准
1.10 小节，每节 1 分，每节最多扣 1 分 2. 重复错误，仅扣一次分 3. minor mistakes
一节中出现 1 次留作总计
出现 2 次，扣 0.5 分
出现 3 次，扣 0.5，留一处作总计出现 4 次以上，扣 1 分
4. major mistakes：每一处扣 0.5 分minor mistakes：
单词拼写错 1-2 字母；标点符号； 大小写；冠词；单复数 major mistakes： 漏写；加词换词；时态； 大移位；原文 1 个词换词 2 个词 （wildlife-wild life）
➢ 答题步骤及考点突破
第一遍——抓大意、结构词 第二遍：抓句型结构、关键词
第三遍：次要信息补全（修饰语、定冠词等） 第四遍——核查纠错（语法、背景知识）
第一遍突破点： 1、听懂题目、预测内容 2、整体把握、重视结构
通过关键词整合文意
e.g. “New Year’s Eve” friends or family， parties，drinks，fireworks clock，12，resolution
第二、三遍突破点： 1、按意群理解
2、抓关键词
实词：表意功能虚词：语法功能
7
第四遍突破点：
核查纠错：单词是否拼错；
漏写、大小写、人称时态、单复数； 介词搭配或短语用法是否正确； 标点符号
Talks (gap-filling) 题型特点命题角度做题步骤考点突破
➢ 题型特点：
1. 1 遍-10 题-30s 预读-2min 整理 2. no more than 3 words
3. 篇幅长度 500 词左右，答案不唯一 4. 测试目的：听力理解、做笔记、整理信息
➢ 命题角度： 主题或结论的关键词某事物的特点描述 分述点的细节描述
➢ 做题步骤：
1. 预读考题；了解文章主题及主要内容（分为几个 section） 2. 根据空格特点，进行预判（出题形式＋时间把握） 3. 根据语法检查填写形式是否正确
➢ 考点突破：
1. 分论点的标题暗示，把握听音时间
e.g. My questions
· Why isn’t I.Q. the only difference between students? · What is the key to
?
2. 分论点的并列结构暗示
e.g. My Research
· investigation of all kinds of challenging settings, including:
---West Point Military Academy ---
3. 具体关键词或语法暗示
---private companies
e.g.
8
I. Class attendance
---- Private study: II. Methods of assessment
--- Rules No
hours per day
, eating and drinking in the classrooms
关键词： 1. 层次结构词
e.g. one, two, three, firstly, secondly, last, what’s more… 2. 并列连词 3. 数字表达
4. 逻辑关系词或强调词
4. 由分论点预判总论点e.g. III.
--- No overnight guests
--- No more than 5 guests during the day --- Reserve the common room for larger parties e.g. D.
of providing a comfortable atmosphere
---students paying less attention to the teacher’s language difficulties ---students being more voluntary to cooperate with teacher
5. 注意主被动的转换e.g.
II. The necessity of communication
A. Correcting many IV. Other methods
C.
原文： …. can be corrected
being the only way to learn
原文：Do not feel embarrassed to make mistake, for that is the only way you will learn. 6. 听整体，优先记录中心词。e.g.
II. Happiness and sorrow
---- happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others’ face gives 原文： a certain level of fulfillment
e.g.
II. Advice for teachers
B. Ways to guarantee students’ comprehension
---- expressing one idea in 原文：more than one ways
9
Long Conversations 题 型 特 点 基 本 规 律 敏感听力点
三大对话场景词突破
➢ 题型特点： 1. 1 遍-10 题-10s 2. 文章篇幅 450 词左右
3. 选材内容：社会及日常生活；学习工作等 4. 测试目的：考查学生获得口头信息的能力
1. A. Being kind. C. Being outspoken
B. Being generous. D. Being hardworking.
2. A. He is very tall.
B. He is kind and generous C. He is warm-hearted D. He is a little overweight 3. A. She is similar to her mother.
B. She has a great sense of humor. C. She loves laughing a lot. D. She is an older sister.
4. A. It helps with their relationship.
B. They tend to spend most time together. C. They have the same strengths and weaknesses. D. It makes her love her mother more than others. 5. A. It is not a good quality at all.
B. It is a quality that can be hardly changed. C. It sometimes brings problems.
D. It makes a person special and welcome.
Q:
1. Which quality does the woman admire very much about her mother? 2. what does the man know about the woman’s father? 3. What does the woman say about her sister?
4. What does the woman think about being similar to her mother? 5. What does the woman say about being outspoken? 听力原文：
M: Hey, long time no see. How are you?
W: Yeah, good to see you again. I have been with my family for a long while recently.
M: Oh, really? Can you describe the people in your family? Like, what’s your mother like, and your father like and your sister?
W: OK. Well, let me start with my mother. My mother is very interesting. She has a great sense of humor and she’s a very kind and very generous woman. (1) She’s also not afraid to say what
10
she is thinking, which is a quality I admire about her very much. M: What about your father? How would you describe him?
W: My dad is probably the nicest man you’ll ever meet. He’s very kind, very generous, very warm-hearted and he’s really a good guy and I love him very much. M: (2) And actually I met your father and he’s a very big guy. W: He is. My dad’s very tall and takes up a lot of space. It’s true. M: Gentle-Giant, right? W: Yeah. Something like that.
M: Ok, now you have a sister. Is she younger or older? W: Younger sister.
M: Oh, younger sister. How would you describe her personality?
W: My sister is actually quite similar to my dad in that she has a very good heart and (3-1) she’s very generous and very open, very friendly and giving personality and she is probably the only person on the planet who can make me laugh at any moment. M: That’s nice.
W: She cracks me up. (3-2) So, she’s got a great sense of humor, but part of that probably comes from being sisters too.
M: Now you said that your sister is very similar to your father, so are you very similar to your mother?
W: Coincidentally, yes, actually. (4) My mother and I have a lot in common in terms of our personality, which means that we get along very well. M: So, like what traits do you have in common?
W: I would say that we both very often say what we’re thinking, which not everybody likes all the time.
M: I think being outspoken is good.
W: It can be. (5) That is why I think it’s a good quality but it sometimes can lead to more conflicts than your‘re prepared for.
M: Right. Well, it sounds like you have a nice balance. W: Mm, we do.
M: Well, nice talking with you. I do hope to meet your family one day. W: Sure, welcome to my family. I’m sure they will be glad to see you.
➢ •
基本规律：
视听一致＋同意替换最靠谱易考点：
✓ 长选项对比或相似 ✓ 短选项
•
基本顺序出题 敏感听力点 • • • •
逻辑关系（转折<强&弱>、因果、递进） 列举处 数字考点
语气词（OK，Listen…）
➢
11
•
主旨类问题定位
➢
三大对话场景词突破
工作面试场景 学校场景访谈场景
• 工作面试场景：常见场景词汇： overtime; assignment; salary; wage; pay; qualification; resume
reference letter; application; applicant fire quit resign
• 学校场景：常见场景词汇
assignment; seminar; workshop; require/compulsory course; optional/ selective course; register; registration student union
debt/ loan/ transaction/ rate/ interest/
• 访谈场景：常见词汇及结构
program; studio; TV show; talk show; host Today, we are going to discuss/ talk about…. Today, in this studio we have XXX… XXX, his book XXX offers advice on…
12
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容