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小学英语语法 名词1

2022-05-11 来源:爱问旅游网


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小学英语语法(第22期)

第一讲 名词的用法

Name Mark

★重点讲解

名词:是表示人、动物、地点、物品以及抽象概念的词。 一、名词的分类

(一)根据意义可以分为专有名词和普通名词。

1、专有名词:表示特定的人或事物名称的词。(第一个字母大写)

人名 → Peter (彼特)

星期、月份、节日 → Sunday May Christmas Day the Spring Festival 国家、城市 → China Beijing Paris 建筑 → the Great Wall

2、普通名词:不属于特定的人或事物名称的词。可分为:

个体名词,集体名词,物质名词,抽象名词。

(二)根据能否用数字计算可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

二、可数名词

(一)可数名词的单数:指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式,前面一定要有a / an / the (二)可数名词的复数:指≥2个人或事物时用复数形式。 1、名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:

(1)一般的名词词尾直接加-s ,如: book → books room → rooms house → houses (2)以s / sh / ch / x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es,如: bus → buses glass → glasses dish → dishes watch → watches box → boxes fox → foxes

(3)以“o”结尾,表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加“es”,表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复

数加“s”,如:

potato→potatoes tomato→ tomatoes photo→ photos piano→ pianos (4)以“ 辅音字母 + y ”结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:

city → cities body → bodies factory → factories 区别: boy → boys (5)以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es如:

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life → lives leaf → leaves knife → knives

wife → wives wolf →wolves shelf → shelves

(6)不规则变化,特例常常考,要记住。 ① child → children ② 规律:man → men

man → men woman → women policeman → policemen

Englishman → Englishmen ③ 小学阶段以o结尾加es的只有三个:

tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes hero → heroes

其余的都加s,如:photo → photos piano → pianos zoo → zoos ④ 规律:oo变成ee,如:foot → feet tooth → teeth goose → geese ⑤ 单、复数同形,如: sheep Chinese Japanese deer ⑥ people 集体名词,只有复数。

三、不可数名词 (一)不可数名词的分类

1、食物中不可数的: rice bread chocolate

肉类都不可数: meat pork beef fish mutton chicken 2、物质不可数: glass plastic air

3、跟纸有关的不可数: paper news newspaper

(二)不可数名词的用法

1、不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如: The food is very fresh.

There is some fish in the fridge.

2、有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:

orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子) water (水) → waters (水域) wood(木头)→ woods(森林) glass(玻璃)→ glasses(眼镜) 3、单一类不可数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Meat is in the fridge.

4、两类以上的不可数名词做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:

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Meat and fish are in the fridge.

思考:不可数名词怎么表示数量? 5、不可数名词的数量表示:数量词 + 度量词(可数) + of + 不可数名词

一碗米饭 一块面包 ___________________________ 两杯水 _ 一杯茶 _____________________________ 三张纸 五盒牛奶 ___________________________ 6、注意:姓氏的复数形式前面加”the”表示“......一家”。如:the Whites 怀特一家。

四、名词所有格

表示人或物品所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。如“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandma’s house”.名词所有格的规则构成如下:

1. 一般情况下,在名词的末尾加上“’s”构成。如:Mike’s bike, Tom’s books.

2. 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加“’”。如:my parents’s car, our teachers’ books 3. 表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。如:Jenny and Joan’s bedroom 但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每一个名字上加所有格。如:Tim’s and Jack’s toy car

4. 没有生命的东西的所有格,我们通常用“of+名词”的方式来表示。如:the window of the classroom. the capital of China, the weather of Shanghai.

注:某些名词所有格直接表示具体的意义。如I am going to Miss White’s tomorrow. Let’s go to the barber’s.

★做中学

一、将下列单数名词变为复数。

1. knife ____________ 2. wife ___________________ 3. book _____________ 4. zoo ____________________ 5. potato ___________ 6.Chinese _________________ 7. German ___________ 8. Englishman _____________ 9. sheep _____________ 10.child __________________ 11.story 12.fish 13. box 14. photo 15. deer 二、根据中文意思用正确的形式表示所有格。

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1. Kate的妈妈 2. Jack的朋友 3. 美国的首都 4. 孩子们的书包 5. 老师们的书 6. 笔的颜色 7. 我父母的卧室 8. 我的朋友的朋友 9. Tom和Kate的爸爸 10. Lucy和Lily的姐姐

三、根据中文意思,将下面的句子补充完整 1.Mr Webb 一家打算下个星期去上海。

Are going to Shanghai next week. 2.Janet的爸爸昨天买了3袋大米。

Janet’s father bought yesterday. 3. 巴黎是法国的首都吗?

Is Paris France? 4. Tony的朋友的朋友Tim也是我的朋友。

Tim is my friend too.

★过关训练

一、用名词的正确形式填空。

1. My uncle has three _____________ (child). 2. I have some __________ (photo) of my friend Jim. 3. Look at these two __________ (baby).How lovely they are! 4. ________ (Leaf) turn yellow in autumn. 5. I saw many _________ (people) in the street. 6. The green sweater is his ___________ (brother). 7. I have some good _________ (news) for you. 8. You should clean your _________ (tooth) every day.

9. My mother has a lot of __________ (housework) to do every day. 10. There are some ___________ (policeman) in the police station. 11. How many________ (sheep) are there on the hill?

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第 4 页 12. There is some________ (food) in the basket. 13. There is a lot of________ (water) in the bottle. 14. I have lots of________ (tomato) here.

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15. Their________ (dictionary) look new. 16. I see you have a few white________ (hair). 17. They are________ (woman) doctors.

18. Can you give me some bottles of ________ (orange), please? 19. There are many________ (fox) in the picture.

20. I would like some apple________ (juice). I am very thirsty.

二、选择正确答案填空。

( )1.She has five _________.

A. stickers B. pen C. hat ( )2.They have a big ________.

A. living rooms B. reading room C. bathrooms

( )3. I bought a box of __________ yesterday.

A. pear B. apple C. apples

( )4. It’s a slice of__________.

A. pizza B. pizzas C. pizzaes

( )5. Give me two _________ of potatoes.

A. bags B. bag C. box

( )6. I have three _________.

A. comic book B. comics book C. comic books

( )7. Clara likes some _______ for dinner.

A. bottle of milk B. bottle of milks C. bottles of milk D. bottles of milks ( )8. All the _______ teachers and _______ students are in the classroom.

A. woman; girl B. women; girl C. woman; girls D. women; girls

备用题库 三、英汉互译

1. the key of car _________________________ 2. Jim’s book ____________________________

3. the teacher’s telephone number _____________________________________ 4. the door of the classroom ______________________________ 5. the girl’s name ______________________________ 6. 孩子们的足球 __________________________________ 7. 一张家庭的照片 ________________________________ 8. 两杯茶 ________________________________________

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9. 我叔叔的汽车 __________________________________ 10. 这位妇女的包 _________________________________ 四、单项选择

1. --- When is ________ birthday? --- His birthday is August 5th.

A. Robert B. Robert’s C. Mary D. Mary’s 2. This is the ________ room. It’s a nice room.

A. Lily’s and Lucy’s B. Lily and Lucy C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lily’s and Lucy 3. Mr. Wang is a friend of ________.

A. Jim’s mother B. Jim’s mothers’ C. Jim’s mother’s D. Jim mother’s 4. There are ________ clothes. They are playing soccer on the playground.

A. boy’s B. boys C. the boys’ D. the boy’s 5. --- How far is it from school to the park? --- Only ________ walk.

A. ten minutes B. two hours C. ten minutes’ D. two hours’ 6. After the exam, we’ll have __________ holiday.

A. two weeks B. two week C. two weeks’ D. two week’s 7. Have you read ______________?

A. today’s newspaper B. today newspaper C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper 8. The little woman is _________.

A. my mother friend B. a friend of my mother C. the friend of my mother’s D. a friend of my mother’s

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