Now you have come to Changping District, the outer suburb of Beijing. Whatyou are about to enter is the Ming Tombs scenic area. During this time, I willexplain the historical background and explanation of the Ming Tombs.
Zhu Di, the emperor of Yongle in Ming Dynasty, sent some geomantic warlocksto Beijing in 1407 to choose "auspicious soil", which is actually auspiciousland to build a mausoleum. At that time, these people looked for many places,but they were not successful. At first, they chose tujiaying, which was not intheir mouth. However, the emperor's surname was Zhu, who had the samepronunciation as pig, and made a taboo. Then I chose Yangshan mountain in thesouthwest of Changping, but there is a village called "langkouyu" behind it.Isn't that more dangerous? Later I chose Yanjiatai in the west of Beijing, whichhas the same pronunciation as "Yanjia", which is very unlucky. Finally, it wasnot until the seventh year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty that the present Tianshoumausoleum area was selected. There are Mangshan, Huyu, Longshan and Tianshoumountains around it. This is exactly the location of the four gods in the YinYang and five elements, that is, the East Green Dragon, the west white tiger,the South rosefinch, the North Xuanwu, and the Wenyu River. It is really ageomantic treasure land. From this we can see how much energy it took for theemperor to build a mausoleum for himself.
After that, the construction of Changling began, and it was finallycompleted after four years. The emperors of Ming dynasty built mausoleums hereone after another. Moreover, from the construction of Changling in 1409 to theend of Ming Dynasty in 1644, the construction of Ming Tombs never stopped. Inthis area of 40 square kilometers, 13 emperors, 23 queens, many concubines andprinces of the Ming Dynasty were buried. However, it did not survive completely.After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, in order to revenge the Jin people,they destroyed the ancestral Tomb of the Qing Taizu, so they burned it here.
Later, in the 50th year of Qianlong, in order to win over the Han people,they ordered to repair the mausoleum area. After the founding of the people'sRepublic of China, large-scale development was carried out here, and theChangling, Dingling and Zhaoling tombs were opened, among which the undergroundpalace of Dingling has been excavated. Now it has become a key scenic spot inChina, and is the most well preserved tomb group with the largest number ofemperors buried in the world.
Now you may be thinking: isn't there sixteen emperors in the Ming Dynasty?Why are there only thirteen emperors' mausoleums here? In fact, the reason isvery simple. Because Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, built hiscapital in Nanjing, his mausoleum is in Nanjing, that is, Ming Xiaoling; Jianwenemperor, the second emperor of Ming Dynasty, was seized the throne by Zhu Di,and his remains are unknown, so there is no mausoleum here; At the time ofYingzong, the seventh emperor of Ming Dynasty, he was once encouraged by WangZhen, a eunuch, to lead the army to fight personally. Later, he was captured bythe Wasi army at Tu Tu fort in Huailai, Hebei Province. This event is called"the change of Tu". A country can't be without a monarch, so his brother wascanonized as emperor Jingtai. Later, Yingzong's "change of seizing the throne"was staged, so there was no Jingtai in the Ming Tombs Emperor's mausoleum, hewas buried in the western suburbs of jinshankou as a prince. In this way,everyone must understand why it is called the Ming Tombs.
Now you can see this stone archway along the way, which is the symbol ofthe mausoleum area. It was made during the Jiajing period. The archway is 5rooms, 6 columns and 11 floors. It is 14 meters high and 28.86 meters wide. Itis the largest and most exquisite stone archway preserved in China. The patternsand decorations on it are also cloud dragon patterns, reflecting thecharacteristics of royal architecture.
Dagongmen is the main gate of the mausoleum area, also known as dahongmen.The gate is southward and has three holes. Inside the gate is the mausoleumarea. On both sides of the gate are inscriptions of "officials waiting todismount here", because at that time, it was stipulated that these people had towalk into the mausoleum area, otherwise they would be punished. Moreover, thisis also a forbidden area. It's not a place where ordinary people can enter atwill. The serious problem is that they have to be beheaded. When you enter thisgate, you will enter the Shinto that runs through the north and south of themausoleum and directly leads to the gate of Changling mausoleum. The Shinto ofthe Ming Dynasty is also the longest in the imperial mausoleum built in China.In fact, its main function is to let the emperor's soul pass through, with atotal length of 7 kilometers.
As we walk, we can see a stele Pavilion in front of us. This pavilion is abuilding with double eaves on the top of Xieshan mountain. Inside it is a hugetablet carrying a heavy burden. This is the tablet of praising virtue, a divineskill of Changling. It was officially established in 1435. On the front is thetablet of praising virtue written by Zhu gaochi, the eldest son of EmperorYongle, with more than 3000 words. On the back is the thirty rhymes of AI Mingmausoleum written in the 50th year of Qianlong, which records the damage of themausoleum in detail. On the east side of the monument is the cost of the Qinggovernment to repair the mausoleum, and on the west side is the reason for thecollapse of the Ming Dynasty in the ninth year of Jiaqing.
After the stele Pavilion, we continue to walk along the Shinto road. Wewill find that there are many stone carvings on both sides of the Shinto road.In fact, there are 36 stone carvings here, which are called stone carvings. Nextto the pavilion is two stone columns. Next, lions, elephants, camels, elephants,Kirin and horses. Each has four _, arranged in a sequence of lying down andstanding. Then there were four military officials, four civil officials and fourmeritorious officials. These buildings were built to reflect the emperor's honorguard before his death and his dignity after his death. So the volume is verylarge and the carving is very fine. And these also symbolize that the emperorcan be respected in his life, and also in his death. All the sacred, civil andmilitary officials should be respected for me.
Further on, you can see a Lingxing gate, also known as Longfeng gate, whichmeans Tianmen. In the middle of the three doors and six pillars, there are threeflame pearls, so it is also called flame archway.
In fact, we have been marching along the Shinto all the time. Let's review,first the stone archway, then the grand palace gate. Now we are going to enterChangling. Stele Pavilion, stone elephant life, after the dragon and Phoenixgate, there is still a long way to reach the Changling mausoleum gate. In fact,the central axis of the whole mausoleum group is the Shinto, which runs throughthe north and south of the mausoleum, with a total length of 7 kilometers.
As for the Changling mausoleum, it is the first mausoleum among the MingTombs. It was built in 1409 and completed in 1416. It is the joint Tomb ofEmperor Zhu Di and empress Xu of Yongle, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Diwas the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. When ZhuYuanzhang died, Zhu Di sent troops from Beiping to capture Nanjing in the nameof Jingnan, and won the throne from Zhu Yunwen, the emperor at that time, andchanged his name to Yongle. This event was called the battle of Jingnan inhistory.
Zhu Di was a great emperor. After he became emperor, he still fought foryears in order to consolidate the rule of Ming Dynasty, and made a majordecision to move the capital to Beijing in 1420. During the Ming Dynasty underhis rule, the National Treasury was abundant and the political situation wasstable. He also ordered people to write Yongle Dadian, the largest book inChinese history. He sent Zheng He to the West seven times and developed friendlyrelations among countries. His wife, empress Xu Da, the daughter of Xu Da, thefounder of the Ming Dynasty, is also a woman with Chinese classical beauty. Sheonce wrote "neixun" and "Quanshan" to cultivate people's minds. She died afterfive years of illness. It is worth mentioning that the first person buried inChangling was not Zhu Di, but empress Xu. Changling covers an area of 10hectares. Its central axis consists of Lingen gate, Lingen hall, minglou,Baocheng and Baoding. There are three entrances to the mausoleum. The firstentrance is from the gate of the mausoleum to the gate of the mausoleum. You cansee a small stele Pavilion on both sides of the mausoleum. However, there wereno words on it at that time. Now the words are written by Emperor Shunzhi of theQing Dynasty.
Lingen hall is located in the second courtyard of the mausoleum. It wasbuilt in 1412 in the 14th year of Yongle of Ming Dynasty. It is the place wherememorial tablets and sacrificial activities are held. It is nine rooms wide andfive rooms deep. It is a building with double eaves and veranda. There are 60nanmu pillars in the hall, and the diameter of the four pillars in the middle ismore than one meter. It is the best nanmu hall in China. There was originally alarge Buddhist niche in Lingen hall, but now it is no longer there. Instead,there is a sitting statue of Emperor Yongle made by later generations. You cantake a look around the back of the statue. You can see that there is a dragoncarved on the back of the chair, and the dragon head is facing the head ofEmperor Wanli, which indicates that the emperor is the real dragon emperor. Allaround are exhibitions of unearthed cultural relics.
Behind the middle hall is the back hall. It is the largest hall in theunderground palace. It is 9.5 meters tall, 31 meters long and 9.1 meters wide.The ground is paved with polished mottled stones. In the back hall, there is acoffin bed with white stone edge. There is a long square hole in the center, andthe middle is filled with loess, which is the first shovel of loess whenchoosing the tomb. It is called Jinjing, which is the basic point of thearchitectural pattern of the whole mausoleum. Jade burial refers to placing jadearound and inside the coffin or in the mouth of the dead. The reason for this isthat the ancients believed that Jinjing could communicate with Yin and Yang andexchange life, while jade burial could keep the corpse from rotting. Jinjingjade burial was the highest level funeral in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Of course,these are the ideals of the ancients, without any scientific basis. On thecoffin bed are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and two empresses, as well as 26wooden boxes for funerary objects.
According to the rules of the emperor's mausoleum, the back hall is onlyused to place the emperor's coffins. Why do the two empresses' coffins alsoappear here? This phenomenon is not clearly recorded in the historicalmaterials, but according to experts' speculation: in the 48th year of Wanli,first empress Xiaoduan died, then Emperor Wanli died in July, and his son ZhuChangluo died 29 days after he ascended the throne In the case of Hongwan, twoemperors, a queen and empress Xiaojing were killed in this short hundred days,and they had to be moved and buried. Such a huge task was put on the Emperor ZhuYouxiao who had just ascended the throne, so the preparations were veryhasty.
Moreover, it was the rainy season at that time, so it was not convenient toopen the Queen's side hall, so the coffins of the emperor and queen enteredthrough the main door. But when I got to the underground palace, I found thatthe corridor of the side hall was too narrow for the Queen's coffin to enter, soI had to put them into the back hall. Now you can understand what the decorationof the coffin in the underground palace is like. Well, now please follow me outof the underground palace.
With the end of the visit to the Ming Tombs, our trip to the Ming Tombs iscoming to an end. I believe everyone will sigh for this huge imperial mausoleumgroup. With the continuous development of cultural relics protection in China,the state has invested a lot of money to repair the Ming Tombs, and this grandImperial Mausoleum will be preserved forever. At the same time, I also hope youcan leave a good impression on this place. You are welcome to visit again nexttime.
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