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AngularJS自定义表单验证功能实例详解

2020-11-27 来源:爱问旅游网

本文实例讲述了AngularJS自定义表单验证功能。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

Angular实现了大部分常用的HTML5的表单控件的类型(text, number, url, email, date, radio, checkbox),也实现了很多指令做为验证(required, pattern, minlength, maxlength, min, max)。

在自定义的指令中,我们可以添加我们的验证方法到ngModelController的$validators对象上。为了取得这个controller对象,我们需要requirengModel指令。

在$validators对象上的每个方法都接收modelValue和viewValue两个值做为参数。在你绑定的验证方法返回一个值(true,false)之后,Angular会在内部调用$setValidity方法。验证会在每一次输入框的值改变($setViewValue被调用)或者模型的值改变。验证发生在$parsers和$formatters成功运行之后,验证不通过的项会做为ngModelController.$error的属性存储起来。

另外,在这个controller对象上,还有一个$asyncValidators对象,如果你的验证是异步的,则需要加验证附加在这个对象上,比如说用户注册时输入手机号,我们需要在后端验证该手机号是否已经注册,这个验证方法必须return一个promise对象,然后在验证通过时调用延迟对象的resolve,失败时调用reject,还未完成的异步的验证存储在ngModelController.$pending中。

例如(注意其中的user对象,只有验证通过了,才会将值绑定到模型上):

<form name="register_form" ng-submit="save()">
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="phoneNumber">
 手机号(不能重复):
 </label>
 <input type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="user.phoneNumber" id="phoneNumber" name="phoneNumber" required phone>
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="username">
 用户名(必须大于五位):
 </label>
 <input type="text" class="form-control" ng-model="user.username" id="username" required username>
 </div>
 <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary" type="submit">提交</button>
</form>
<h3>用户对象</h3>
<pre>
 {{ user | json }}
</pre>
'use strict';
angular.module('app', [])
.directive('phone', function ($q, $http) {
 return {
 require: 'ngModel',
 link: function (scope, ele, attrs, ctrl) {
 ctrl.$asyncValidators.phone = function (modelValue, viewValue) {
 var d = $q.defer();
 $http.get('phone.json')
 .success(function (phoneList) {
 if (phoneList.indexOf(parseInt(modelValue)) >= 0) {
 d.reject();
 } else {
 d.resolve();
 }
 });
 return d.promise;
 }
 }
 }
})
.directive('username', function ($q, $http) {
 return {
 require: 'ngModel',
 link: function (scope, ele, attrs, ctrl) {
 ctrl.$validators.username = function (modelValue, viewValue) {
 if (modelValue) {
 return modelValue.length > 5 ? true : false;
 };
 return false;
 }
 }
 }
})

phone.json

[
 13758262732,
 15658898520,
 13628389818,
 18976176895,
 13518077986
]

效果

下面一个完整的用户注册的表单验证:

html:

<form name="register_form" novalidate>
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="username">用户名:</label>
 <!-- ng-pattern="/PATTERN/"确保输入项符合正则 -->
 <input type="text" id="username" ng-model="user.username" class="form-control" name="username" required ng-pattern="/^[^#]*$/">
 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form.username.$valid"></span>
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.username.$error.pattern">
 <strong>请注意!</strong>
 用户名不能带#号。
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.username.$error.required && register_form.username.$touched">
 <strong>请注意!</strong>
 用户名不能为空。
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="_password">密码:</label>
 <!-- ng-minlength="num"让密码不能小于最小长度 -->
 <input type="password" id="_password" ng-model="data._password" class="form-control" required ng-minlength="8" name="_password">
 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form._password.$valid"></span>
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form._password.$error.minlength && register_form._password.$touched">
 <strong>请注意!</strong>
 密码长度不能少于八位。
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form._password.$error.required && register_form._password.$touched">
 <strong>请注意!</strong>
 密码不能为空。
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="password">确认密码:</label>
 <input type="password" id="password" ng-model="user.password" class="form-control" name="password" required pwd-repeat>
 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form.password.$valid"></span>
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.password.$error.pwdRepeat && register_form.password.$touched">
 <strong>请注意!</strong>
 两次输入的密码不相同。
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.password.$error.required && register_form.password.$touched">
 <strong>请注意!</strong>
 请再次输入密码。
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="phone">手机号:</label>
 <div class="row">
 <div class="col-sm-10">
 <input type="num" id="phone" ng-model="user.phone" name="phone" class="form-control" required ng-minlength="11" ng-maxlength="11" phone>
 </div>
 <div class="col-sm-2">
 <button class="btn btn-default" type="button" ng-disabled="register_form.phone.$invalid">发送验证码</button>
 </div>
 </div>
 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form.phone.$valid"></span>
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.phone.$error.phone">
 <strong>请注意!</strong>
 该手机号已注册过,可直接登录。
 </div>
 <div class="alert alert-danger" ng-show="register_form.phone.$touched && !register_form.phone.$error.phone && (register_form.phone.$error.required || register_form.phone.$error.minlength || register_form.phone.$error.maxlength)">
 <strong>请注意!</strong>
 请输入正确的手机号。
 </div>
 <div class="form-group">
 <label for="code">验证码:</label>
 <input type="text" id="code" ng-model="user.code" class="form-control" name="code" required>
 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok right" ng-show="register_form.code.$valid"></span>
 </div>
 <!-- 在表单不合法时禁用提交按钮 -->
 <button class="btn btn-block btn-primary" type="submit" ng-disabled="register_form.$invalid" ng-click="save()">提交</button>
</form>

js:

'use strict';
angular.module('app', [])
.controller('myCtrl', function ($scope) {
 $scope.data = {};
 $scope.save = function () {
 alert('保存成功!')
 }
})
// 判断手机号是否重复
.directive('phone', function ($q, $http) {
 return {
 require: 'ngModel',
 link: function (scope, ele, attrs, ctrl) {
 ctrl.$asyncValidators.phone = function (modelValue, viewValue) {
 var d = $q.defer();
 $http.get('phone.json')
 .success(function (phoneList) {
 if (phoneList.indexOf(parseInt(modelValue)) >= 0) {
 d.reject();
 } else {
 d.resolve();
 }
 });
 return d.promise;
 }
 }
 }
})
// 验证两次输入的密码是否相同的自定义验证
.directive('pwdRepeat', function () {
 return {
 require: 'ngModel',
 link: function (scope, ele, attrs, ctrl) {
 ctrl.$validators.pwdRepeat = function (modelValue) {
 // 当值为空时,通过验证,因为有required
 if (ctrl.$isEmpty(modelValue)) {
 return true;
 }
 return modelValue === scope.data._password ? true : false;
 }
 }
 }
})

css:

.form-group {
 position: relative;
}
.right {
 position: absolute;
 right: 10px;
 top: 34px;
 color: green;
}

phone.json:

[
 13758262732,
 15658898520,
 13628389818,
 18976176895,
 13518077986
]

更多关于AngularJS相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题:《AngularJS指令操作技巧总结》、《AngularJS入门与进阶教程》及《AngularJS MVC架构总结》

希望本文所述对大家AngularJS程序设计有所帮助。

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